Colocasia esculenta

Background Vegetatively propagated crops are globally significant in terms of current agricultural production, as well as for understanding the long-term history of early agriculture and plant domestication. Today, significant field crops include sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), manioc (Manihot esculenta), bananas and plantains (Musa cvs.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta). In comparison to sexually-reproduced crops, especially cereals and legumes, the domestication syndrome in vegetatively-propagated field crops is poorly defined. Aims and scope Here, a range of phenotypic traits potentially comprising a syndrome associated with early domestication of vegetatively-propagated field crops is proposed, including: mode of reproduction, yield of edible portion, ease of harvesting, defensive adaptations, timing of production and plant architecture. The archaeobotanical visibility of these syndrome traits is...

Küreselleşme ile birlikte birçok konuda olduğu gibi beslenme alışkanlıklarında ve buna bağlı olarak ziraat faaliyetlerinde “tek tip”e doğru bir seyir izlenmektedir. Oysa uluslararası ticarette çok yer tutmasa da ülke ve bölge ölçeğinde özgün besin kaynakları hâlâ önemini korumaktadır. Yerel ürünlerin varlığının devamı, geleneksel mutfak kültürünün gelecek nesillere aktarılması ve yapılacak Ar-Ge çalışmaları ile farklı kullanım alanlarının değerlendirilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda da Türkiye’de “Gölevez”, Kıbrıs’ta ise “Kolokas” adıyla bilinen yumru bitkiler grubundan sebze, araştırmamızın öznesini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmamız kapsamında bitki; botanik özellikleri,
üretim miktarı, sanayide işlenebilirliği, ticari yönü ve dünya genelinden sonra Türkiye ve Kıbrıs özelinde ele alınmıştır. Bilhassa ada ülkelerinde geleneksel değerlerin korunmasına yönelik hassasiyet ve kırsal kalkınmada özkaynakların kullanımında özel bir yeri bulunan bitkinin, üretim ve tüketiminin yıldan yıla azalması dolayısıyla ayrıca ele alınan kolokasa dikkat çekilerek bu alanda yapılabilecekler üzerinde durulmuştur.

A sample of untrained panelists was used to evaluate a food product formulation called “Taro-Soy”, a taro based soy bean edible composite flour.  The proximate properties of the most acceptable formulation were determined. Different formulations of taro and soy bean flour were prepared in varying proportions of Taro: Soy as 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60: 40, each named F1, F2, F3 and F4 respectively. Formulation F3 was the most acceptable and its proximate properties were 05.23% moisture, 03.53% ash, 10.93% crude fiber, 16.64% proteins, 05.18%fat and 53.55% total carbohydrates, making it resourceful in solving food security challenges and reducing prevalence of protein energy malnutrition (PEM).

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF POST-WEANED PIGS (Sus domesticus) FED WITH COMMERCIAL RATION SUBSTITUTED WITH VARYING LEVELS OF TARO (Colocasia esculenta) LEAF MEAL by PHOEBE JANE SANTILLAN EDQUILA, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, March 2014.
Thesis Adviser: Julnar E. Pepito, Ph.D.
A 25-days feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of substituting commercial ration with varying levels of taro  (Colocasia esculenta) leaf meal in the growth performance of post-weaned pigs at Central Mindanao University Swine Project.
A total of nine (9) post-weaned pigs were used as experimental animals. These animals were all uncastrated males and Landrace x Duroc breed line. This study was composed of three (3) treatments and three (3) blocks. Blocking factors were based on live weights. Below were the varying levels of treatments that were used in the study:
Treatment 1 = 100% Commercial Ration + 0% Taro Leaf Meal
Treatment 2 = 85% Commercial Ration + 15% Taro Leaf Meal
Treatment 3 = 70% Commercial Ration + 30% Taro Leaf Meal

Data gathered were as follows: initial weight, final weight, body weight gain, total feed consumption, taro leaf meal consumption, feed efficiency and return above feed cost of the post-weaned pigs. The data excluding total feed consumption, taro leaf meal consumption and return above feed cost were analyzed statistically using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and significant differences among treatment and block means were tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).
Results revealed non-significant difference among treatment and block means on the final weight, body weight gain and feed efficiency of pigs used in the study. However, initial weight revealed highly significant differences (P<0.01) among block means, and non-significant difference among treatment means.
Taro leaf meal can be substituted to commercial starter ration up to 30% showing no adverse effects on the health and growth performance of post-weaned pigs. Moreover, it is economical since pigs in Treatment 3 showed to have high return above feed cost of Php 1,210.21 compared to pigs in Treatment 1 with Php 1,200.00 and Treatment 2 with Php 1,153.44. In areas where taro is abundant or available, it can be an alternative feed source to reduce cost of commercial feeds. On the other hand, it was observed that after sun drying and grinding 1.00 kilogram of taro leaves, the recovery rate was only 12%. Nevertheless, further study is recommended to use higher levels of taro leaf meal, and other methods of processing taro leaves to obtain additional results.

Steel Bracing is a structural system which transfers lateral loads (seismic loads and wind loads) into soil bypassing columns, beams which are designed only for gravity loads. Communication towers are very prone to wind loads such that they are need to be designed to resist wind loads to make the structure at least for life safe in the event of natural calamities like HUD-HUD. In the present study communication tower has been modeled and analyzed in STAAD. Pro V8.i. For this model different types of steel bracing systems like X, V, K, Y systems were assigned. These bracing systems were modeled by considering 3 different steel sections like Pipe section, angular section and multi section (pipe section for columns, angular section for beams and bracings) 24 models with bracing system have been developed to run for wind analysis at wind speeds of 33m/s,39m/s,44m/s,47m/s.50m/s,55m/s in STAAD. Pro V8.i. After comparison of various parameters like displacement, axial force, support reactions ,steel quantity between these 24 models it was found that steel angular section with Y bracing system and X-bracing system perform well in the event of selected wind zones. When compared with V-Bracing system 85.97 % of displacement has been reduced to the tower with X-Bracing system along with angular section at wind speed of 55 m/ When compared with Y-Bracing system 57.69 % of Support reaction (FX) has been reduced to the tower with X-Bracing system along with angular section at wind speed of 55 m/s , When compared with K-Bracing system 66.58 % of Support reaction (FY) has been reduced to the tower with X-Bracing system along with angular section at wind speed of 55 m/s , When compared with K-Bracing system 68.77 % of Axial force has been reduced to the tower with X-Bracing system along with angular section at wind speed of 55 m/s, When compared with V-Bracing system 57.14 % of steel quantity has been reduced to the tower with Y-Bracing system along with angular section at wind speed of 55 m/s.

Taro is an ancient crop native to Asia which is now found in all tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Its present distribution is the result of a long history of use and translocation. Whilst in the Pacific much effort has been made to understand the role this plant played in prehistory, it has not received the same attention in Africa, even though it is a staple crop in some West African countries. recently, the retrieval of macro remains of dessicated taro at the Islamic port of Quseir al-Qadim in Egypt has revitalised the debate on the history of taro in Africa, and genetic has been initiated to reconstruct its introduction into the continent. Fieldwork and a genetic survey of taro in Africa was carried out as part of a project led by Dr Nicole Boivin (University of Oxford) and Dr Robin G. Allaby (University of Warwick). While analysis of the survey results is ongoing, a geographical and cultural appraisal of taro is presented here.

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is a member of the Araceae family and is an important source of carbohydrate and is used as a staple in some tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Although taro is rich in digestible carbohydrates, micronutrients and is quite affordable, it remains largely underutilized. In this work, the physical attributes as well as biochemical components of taro such as L-ascorbic acid, phenol content, dry matter, moisture, starch, titratable acidity, total sugar and reducing sugar are studied to compare the variation among seven different cultivars grown in the Indian subcontinent. The result of the study revealed that the cultivar TTR-17-10 showed better qualitative attributes on post harvest analysis. It had higher total soluble solids (5.333 0 Brix), starch (35.713%), reducing sugar (3.357%) and total sugar (5.947%) as compared to other cultivars that were studied. However, when it comes to antioxidant content such as L-ascorbic acid cultivar TTR-12-8 (114.117 mg/100gm) showed a significantly better performance as compared to other cultivars studied.

Background Vegetatively propagated crops are globally significant in terms of current agricultural production, as well as for understanding the long-term history of early agriculture and plant domestication. Today, significant field crops include sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), manioc (Manihot esculenta), bananas and plantains (Musa cvs.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta). In comparison to sexually-reproduced crops, especially cereals and legumes, the domestication syndrome in vegetatively-propagated field crops is poorly defined. Aims and scope Here, a range of phenotypic traits potentially comprising a syndrome associated with early domestication of vegetatively-propagated field crops is proposed, including: mode of reproduction, yield of edible portion, ease of harvesting, defensive adaptations, timing of production and plant architecture. The archaeobotanical visibility of these syndrome traits is...

On the west coast of Vanua Lava (Banks group, North Vanuatu), farmers do not only cultivate taro on irrigated terraces to live, but live to cultivate and eat taro every day. Taro holds the memory of the village, the ancestors, and the place of its production. This place – the taro water-gardens – is named rot, and is described in this article from an ecological and social point of view. The main goal is to understand why the inhabitants of the west coast of Vanua Lava are producing so much taro. Rot has to be managed with water canals, and includes qēl which are irrigate pondfields with wet and dry alternation structured in terraces (7.10 t dry matter/ha), mat which consists of modified rivers or streams (20.1 t/ha), and boak which are drained swamps (10.2 t/ha). The difference between estimates of the taro consumed (95.7 t) and the taro produced each year (146.5 t) leaves us to believe that a lot of taro is harvested in surplus for local subsistence needs, which reinforces the “social generosity” characteristic of Melanesian societies. The taro water-gardens of Vanua Lava offer a considerable food potential for the population of today and tomorrow.

Background Vegetatively propagated crops are globally significant in terms of current agricultural production, as well as for understanding the long-term history of early agriculture and plant domestication. Today, significant field crops include sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), manioc (Manihot esculenta), bananas and plantains (Musa cvs.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yams (Dioscorea spp.) and taro (Colocasia esculenta). In comparison to sexually-reproduced crops, especially cereals and legumes, the domestication syndrome in vegetatively-propagated field crops is poorly defined. Aims and scope Here, a range of phenotypic traits potentially comprising a syndrome associated with early domestication of vegetatively-propagated field crops is proposed, including: mode of reproduction, yield of edible portion, ease of harvesting, defensive adaptations, timing of production and plant architecture. The archaeobotanical visibility of these syndrome traits is...

The study was conducted at the Horticultural Farm and Laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period from February 2012 to March 2013 to study the effect of spacing on growth, yield and storability of mukhikachu cv. Bilashi. The experiment consisted of four different plant spacing S1 (60 cm × 20 cm); S2 (60 cm × 30 cm); S3 (60 cm × 40 cm) and S4 (60 cm × 50 cm). Maximum individual corm weight was found from S4 (90.3 g) which was statistically similar with S3 (89.1 g) whereas minimum from S1 (42.2 g). Maximum number of sucker per hill (7.9), yield of corm (5.6 ton) and cormel (26.2 ton) per hectare was found from S3 whereas the lowest
from S1. 60 cm × 40 cm plant spacing was more suitable in consideration of yield contributing characters and yield but had no effect on the storability of cormels of mukhikachu.

Maretta D, Sobir Helianti I, Purwono, Santosa E. 2020. Genetic diversity in Eddoe Taro (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum) from Indonesia based on morphological and nutritional characteristics. Biodiversitas 21: 3525-3533. Low yield uniformity and quality due to genetic performance become negative incentives to farmers in Eddoe Taro production. However, genetic evaluation is rarely been reported in this taro type in Indonesia. In this study, 14 eddoe genotypes collected from different regions in Indonesia were evaluated to develop a diversity map for crop improvement and future breeding activities. The genotypes were planted in the open field from September 2018 to March 2019 at the experimental station belonging to LAPTIAB-BPPT, PUSPITEK at South Tangerang District, Indonesia. Morphological and nutritional characters were accessed on the shoot and underground parts. The genotypes exhibited variation in 38 out of 48 characters in which 12 quantitative characters were distinct including oxalate level. The study revealed three findings: (i) Characters related to growth and yield had high genotypic variance coefficients, i.e., sheath length, total petiole length, plant height, number of suckers, corm and cormels weight, (ii) Genotypes clustered into two separate groups as introduced and landraces, and (iii) Landraces had high genetic variation leading to speculation of high clonal variation. Considering the findings, accession S6, S7, S18, S30, and S36 are recommended for further studies in crop improvement purposes.

Methodology: 8 cultivars of taro were evaluated for their nutritional contents in this study and their physical attributes such as cormel girth, length, specific gravity, number of cormels per plant and weight of cormel as well as yield per hectare was calculated. Chemical attributes such as titratable Original Research Article

Taro is one of the leading commodities in Situ Gede village. Situ Gede, an urban village, is one of Bogor City's villages, which has potential as an agrotourism region. The potential of Situ Gede village in support of the agrotourism program has never been documented, so the aim of this
activity is to examine the potential of Situ Gede village in supporting agrotourism. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with quantitative instruments. Based on the study results, farmers are the principal livelihood of the Situ Gede area. With the population distribution at the productive age of 25-39 years, the area of land used for agriculture is 46.32 per cent. The sum of taro production in Situ Gede village gives total production in Bogor City of 34%.

Taro, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, is a vegetable and starchy root crop cultivated in Asia, Oceania, the Americas, Africa, and the Mediterranean. Very little is known about its early history in the Mediterranean, which previous authors have sought to trace through Classical (Greek and Latin) texts that record the name colocasia (including cognates) from the 3rd century BC onwards. In ancient literature, however, this name also refers to the sacred lotus, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and its edible rhizome. Like taro, lotus is an alien introduction to the Mediterranean, and there has been considerable confusion regarding the true identity of plants referred to as colocasia in ancient literature. Another early name used to indicate taro was arum, a name already attested from the 4th century BC. Today, this name refers to Arum, an aroid genus native to West Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean. Our aim is to explore historical references to taro in order to clarify when and through whic...

North Sulawesi is located in the North-Eastern regions of the Indonesian Archipelago. As it is with most parts of Indonesia, North Sulawesi is dependent on rice as their staple food. Not all islands within the North Sulawesi cluster of islands can grow paddy or corn for their carbohydrate needs or starch ingredients in their diet and must have them shipped from other places with the dire consequences of transportation costs. The endemic biodiversity of these islands also has many plants with the potential as an alternative food carbohydrate source. This study was to explore these endemic plants for potential food ingredients for starch replacements for rice and corn. The many diversities available for these starch ingredients amongst them are tuber sources (Taro – Colocasia esculenta, Dalugha – Cyrtosperma merkusii, Gembili – Discorea esculenta and Banggai – Discorea alata) and perimedular sources (Sago Tanah and Sago Baruk). Many studies have researched these plants individually in...

The genetic variability and inter-relationships between yield and associated traits in some taro genotypes were investigated in two years across two locations. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with three replications in each location. Data were collected on the growth and yield attributes of taro. The genetic variability of the attributes measured in both locations was studied to estimate the genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation, broad sense heritability (hb) and genetic advance (GA). Considering GCV, hb and GA simultaneously as the best estimators of the amount of advance expected from selection, number of secondary shoots/plant and number of leaves/plant gave the highest values in each of the locations. This shows that a satisfactory selection program for improvement of these genotypes through these traits is possible at each specific location. Correlation analysis showed that all the traits measured were significantly and positively correlated with taro yield except corm and cormel lengths. Number of cormels/plant had the strongest positive correlation with taro yield (r = 0.699**) followed by cormel weight (r = 0.624**). Path-coefficient analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed cormel weight and number of cormels/plant as the biggest determinants of taro yield, both contributing about 72% of the total variation in yield. This suggests that these two characters are important selection indices for taro yield improvement.

The aim of the presented investigation was to study chemical composition variation in starch, protein and minerals found in corms of ten taro cultivars from Papua New Guinea, South Pacific. The chemical analyses were performed on oven dried materials. The starch content ranged from 66 % to 79 %, mean content of crude protein was 3.72g/100g. Among minerals, K was the most abundant (1.77 %), followed by P (0.43 %), Ca (1230 mg/kg) and Mg (976 mg/kg). The analyzed materials could also be considered as moderate sources of Zn (22.10 mg/kg), Fe (19.63 mg/kg), and Cu (6.87 mg/kg). The content of Mn was rather low (5.12 mg/kg).

In today's scenario, Waste water treatment is a challenging task, technically as well as economically. The present study will base on developing modification in conventional root zone technology systems. In conventional RZTS' there are many problems related to quality of effluents, life span, and maintenance and space requirements. This system will be developed on the basis of effluent quality and space requirement constraints. Study will be carried on a pilot scale reactor having dimensions 1m X 1m X 0.4m. The reactor will be divided in three zones. The top zone will be consisting of soil layer, intermediate zone will consist of sand layer and bottom zone will be consisting aggregate layer of various thicknesses. On top layer Colocasia trees will be planted. When waste water will pass through the top and intermediate layer all suspended solids will get trapped in the pores of soil and sand and remaining solids will be get removed with the help of bacteria. Bacteria that are present in waste water will use the solids as their food and they will get oxygen through the roots of colocasia trees. After detention period water will allowed passing through the outlet valve and it will be analyzed for various factors, such as BOD, COD and solids. After that with proper disinfection water will be discharged on surface water bodies.

Tanimbar taro flour is a processed product from tubers originating from Tanimbar, West Southeast Maluku, and is known as “tarro pici” and has not been widely researched regarding the fermentation treatment. Fermentation was carried out to change the properties of Tanimbar taro flour. This study aimed to characterize the chemical properties of taro flour fermented using 0.5% yeast fermipan. Fermentation was carried out for 0 hours (control), 24, 48, and 72 hours in a closed container. The analysis carried out includes water content, ash content, the fat content of the Soxhlet method, Kjeldahl micro protein content, fiber content, and carbohydrate content (by diff.). A non-factorial completely randomized design was used in this study and each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content (by diff.), and fiber content had a very significant effect on tanimbar taro flour. The best treatment ...

Tanimbar taro flour is a processed product from tubers originating from Tanimbar, West Southeast Maluku, and is known as “tarro pici” and has not been widely researched regarding the fermentation treatment. Fermentation was carried out to change the properties of Tanimbar taro flour. This study aimed to characterize the chemical properties of taro flour fermented using 0.5% yeast fermipan. Fermentation was carried out for 0 hours (control), 24, 48, and 72 hours in a closed container. The analysis carried out includes water content, ash content, the fat content of the Soxhlet method, Kjeldahl micro protein content, fiber content, and carbohydrate content (by diff.). A non-factorial completely randomized design was used in this study and each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content (by diff.), and fiber content had a very significant effect on tanimbar taro flour. The best treatment ...

Taro leaf blight (TLB) epidemic hit Cameroon for the first time in 2009. Since then, the disease is persistent and its typical devastating legacy is threatening Taro (Colocasia esculenta) in the North and South West Regions of Cameroon. This study was initiated with the objective to determine the potentials of some fungicides to control TLB. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3x15x2 factorial, including 3 treatments: T1 (Callomil plus72WP), T2 (Mancoxyl plus 720WP) and T3, 1:1 ratio T1 + T2 all applied at concentrations of 4g/L; 15 repetitions and 2 planting seasons (dry season i.e. October 2014 – March 2015 and rainy season i.e. April-October 2015). Disease incidence and disease severity were used to evaluate the disease progression while corm yield was used to appraise the economic injury. The results revealed disease incidence of 0% during the dry season and 18.2%, 27.3% and 100%, for T1, T2 and T3 and control during rainy season respectively. Disease severi...

Cocoyam [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] also known as taro is regarded as an important staple crop in the Pacific Islands, Asia and Africa. But, Africa has been unpopular in the taro international market though it accounted for the highest share of the global taro production level in the last two decades. Therefore, this study explores the global taro production outlook in two decades (2000–2019) with a special focus on African countries noting their challenges and limitations. Also, industrial, nutritional and health benefits of taro were discussed to showcase other viable potentials of the crop beyond its usefulness as a food security crop on the African continent.

Colocasia esculenta Schott belongs to the family Aracea and is grown for its edible corms as a staple food throughout subtropical and tropical regions of the world Colocasia esculent (family: Araceae), In India, it is known as &quot;arbi&quot; or &quot;arvi&quot;. In Indonesia, it is called talas or keladi .is widely grown throughout India.  Stem of this plant are used as vegetable in Indian traditional food system from many decades. Besides stems, other parts of the plant, such as leaves and roots, have also been used in the traditional system of medicine. The leaves of the plant are reported to possess huge vitamin C content and the root is rich in starch and essential nutrient such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, oxalic acid. This plant was also used to reduce fever and pain. Furthermore, Manisha et al.(2010) claimed that the leaf of C . esculenta exhibits neuropharmacological activity. Tarro or dasheen corms provide healthy amounts of some important minerals like zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and manganese. In addition, the root has very good amounts of potassium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that help regulate heart rate and blood pressure. The leaves are used as vegetable and as a ingredients of soup, Curry, stew or eaten fried as a side dish for rice. The present review describes morphological and pharmacological aspects of Colocasia esculenta. KEY WORDS: Colocasia esculenta, Pharmacology, Aracea, Flavanoids

Cocoyam is an edible, starchy tuberous root of taro plants. Taro plants are grown as root vegetables plants and has a long history of cultivation. The study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant potentials as well as the composition of fatty acids in Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum, cocoyam specie. The total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and fatty acid analysis were determined using established techniques. The results showed that it has a phenolic content of 0.518 ± 0.006 mg GAE/g sample and ferric reducing antioxidant power of 2.697 ± 0.034 mg GAE/g sample. The result also showed the presence of fat with the percentage value of 0.80 ± 0.03. Four different fatty acids were found in the gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) characterization and these include n-capric acid, heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid. Oleic acid was the highest while the stearic acid was the lowest. The study suggests that the consumption of cocoya...

Cocoyam is an edible, starchy tuberous root of taro plants. Taro plants are grown as root vegetables plants and has a long history of cultivation. The study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant potentials as well as the composition of fatty acids in Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum, cocoyam specie. The total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and fatty acid analysis were determined using established techniques. The results showed that it has a phenolic content of 0.518 ± 0.006 mg GAE/g sample and ferric reducing antioxidant power of 2.697 ± 0.034 mg GAE/g sample. The result also showed the presence of fat with the percentage value of 0.80 ± 0.03. Four different fatty acids were found in the gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) characterization and these include n-capric acid, heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid. Oleic acid was the highest while the stearic acid was the lowest. The study suggests that the consumption of cocoya...