Comprensión de Texto - Lectura - Inferencias Emocioanles - Inferencias Causales - Conectividad Causal - Narrativas

The generation of causal inferences is central for the comprehension of discourse. Its role has tended to be studied in relation to written discourse. Its role in the comprehension of spoken discourse has not received the same attention. Considering this gap, the purpose of this paper was to present a selection of topics that have been approached in the investigation of the generation of causal inferences in the comprehension of written discourse, and to describe preliminary studies that have began to approach its role in the comprehension of spoken discourse. With this aim, I will present studies that have focused on the generation of necessary and optional inferences, and will emphasize the generation of inferences that involve the establishment of causal connections among statements in the comprehension of written discourse. In addition, I will present studies that have begun to explore the role of the generation of these inferences in the comprehension of spoken discourse. The consideration of these studies will allow us to highlight some of the variables that have been suggested to be central for the study of this topic, and discuss future directions for studies that examine the role that the characteristics of the modality of presentation of discourse have in comprehension.

Las inferencias forman parte de un proceso constructivo del significado, es decir, cuando leemos completamos el significado del texto con una serie de conocimientos no explícitos pero que, dependiendo del contexto comunicativo en el que nos encontramos, dotan de sentido el texto literario y nos permiten involucrarnos en él. En este artículo nos interesa, por un lado, conocer los procesos cognitivos durante la lectura comprensiva sin dejar de lado el aprendizaje de lenguas. Por el otro, exploraremos la tipología inferencial nacida de la Hipótesis Construccionista, cuya premisa es que el lector crea, inventa e imagina el porqué de las motivaciones de los personajes, sus sentimientos, su aspecto físico, las relaciones causales entre los acontecimientos, etc. Palabras clave: Inferencias, lectura comprensiva, textos literarios, construcción de significados.