Conceptual Models

In two studies, this thesis depicts the relationship between minority group status in the United States, perceived discrimination, and coping with stress. Past literature on coping and its types – problem-focused versus emotion-focused – is inconsistent in terms of differences between minority status groups and majority groups. It remains unknown whether or why Black Americans and lesbian or gay Americans may demonstrate coping patterns that differ from White Americans and heterosexual Americans, respectively. What is altogether absent from the literature is the possible mediating factor of perceived discrimination experienced by these minority groups. That is, differences in internal, stable coping processes that manage stress may have been molded by one’s experience with discrimination. Study 1 examines the relationship between race (Black versus White) and coping, mediated by perceived discrimination. Study 2 examines the relationship between sexual orientation (lesbian or gay versus heterosexual) and coping, mediated by perceived discrimination. Both studies confirm the thesis that minority group members exhibit maladaptive, emotion-focused coping more than majority group
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members – but that this difference is explained by the minority group members’ perceived discrimination. Historical and political relevance, social implications, and possible limitations in design and interpretation are discussed.

استهدف البحث الحالي اقتراح نموذجا لتطبيق التلعيب في التسويق الإلكتروني لخدمات الجامعات المصرية، من خلال تحليل مفهوم التلعيب، وتحليل نماذج وأطر للتلعيب التي وضعت الأساس لإمكانية تطبيق التلعيب في مجالات متعددة من خلال مجموعة من الخطوات، ثم تحليل مفهوم التسويق وأهم استراتيجياته، ومفهوم الخدمات ومواصفاتها بالتعليم الجامعي، ودراسة إمكانية استخدام التلعيب في التسويق من خلال مقاربة مفاهيمية، وأتبتت العديد من الدراسات أنه يمكن تطبيق المدخل في التسويق.توصل البحث لنموذج لتسويق خدمات الجامعات المصرية باستخدام التلعيب من ستة مراحل:
المرحلة الأولى: تحليل استراتيجية التسويق للجامعة واشتملت على تحليل الأهداف الاستراتيجية للتسويق للجامعة، وتحديد البرامج المستهدفة للتسويق. المرحلة الثانية وتشمل : تحليل الأطراف المعنية واحتياجاتهم: واشتملت على وضع خارطة الأطراف المعنية، و تحديد السلوكيات المستهدفة من الأطراف المعنية، توصيف الأطراف المعنية كلاعبين، و توقع نواتج التفاعل وطبيعته. والمرحلة الثالثة تشمل : تصميم نظام التلعيب واشتملت على تشكيل فريق تصميم البرنامج، و طرح الأفكار، و تنفيذ الأفكار من خلال تحديد الآليات المتعلقة بتسويق اسم الجامعة، والمتعلقة بتسويق الخدمات الهادفة للربح، والخدمات غير الهادفة للربح. ثم المرحلة الرابعة: وتتعلق بالتنفيذ التجريبي للبرنامج، ثم المرحلة الخامسة وهي : التنفيذ الفعلي، ثم المرحلة
السادسة: ويتم فيها المتابعة.

The Current research aimed at proposing a model for the application of gamification in the marketing of Egyptian universities services. The study analyzed the concept of gamification (using game elements in non game contexts) and gamification frameworks, which laid the foundation for the possibility of applying gamification in various fields through a series of steps. The study also analysed the marketing concept and the most important strategies, the concept of services and its specifications in higher education. The research results at a framework for marketing Egyptian universities services using gamification through six stages as follows:
The first stage: Analysing the e-marketing strategy for the University analysis included analysis of the strategic objectives of e-marketing solutions to the university, and to identify the targeted marketing programs. The second phase included: analysis of the users involved and their needs: it included mapping the stakeholders, identifying targeted behaviours of stakeholders, characterization of them as players, and defining expected outcomes of the interaction and nature. The third phase included: design of gamification system: the formation of the program included the design team, brainstorming and implementing ideas by identifying mechanisms relating to the branding of the university, marketing of for-profit services, and non-profit services. The fourth stage: the prototype implementation, then: the actual implementation, then the sixth stage: the follow-up.
Key words
Gamification - Marketing - University Services- Marketing University Services

A mental model is a model that people have of themselves, others, the environment, and the things with which they interact, such as technologies. Mental models can support the user-centered development of digital libraries: if we can understand how users perceive digital libraries, we can design interfaces that take these perceptions into account. In this paper, we describe a novel method for eliciting a generic mental model from users, in this case of a digital library's search engine. The method is based on a content analysis of users' mental representations of the system's usability, which they generated in heuristic evaluations. The content analysis elicited features that the evaluators thought important for the search engine. The resulting mental model represents a generic model of the search engine, rather than a clustering of individuals' mental models of the same search engine. The model includes a number of references to Web search engines as ideal models, but these references are idealistic rather than realistic. We conclude that users' mental models of Web search engines should not be taken at face value. The implications of this finding for digital library development and design are discussed.

Περίληψη:  Η εισήγηση έχει ως στόχο να παρουσιάσει το πώς είναι εφικτή η υλοποίηση της διαχείρισης ιστορικού αποθέματος με τη χρήση εννοιολογικών μοντέλων και διασυνδεδεμένων δεδομένων, μέσω της παρουσίασης του Αποθετηρίου Σύγχρονης Ελληνικής Ιστορίας (ΑΣΕλΊς). Στο πρώτο μέρος θα αναφερθούμε στις νέες επιστημονικές εξελίξεις που επέφεραν στον τομέα των Ιδρυμάτων Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς ο σημασιολογικός ιστός, τα διασυνδεδεμένα δεδομένα, τα εννοιολογικά μοντέλα και οι οντολογίες. Για την καλύτερη κατανόηση δυνατοτήτων και των προοπτικών που παρέχουν οι νέες εξελίξεις θα παρουσιάσουμε το Αποθετήριο Σύγχρονης Ελληνικής Ιστορίας. Το ΑΣΕλΊς, που υλοποιήθηκε στην ανοικτού κώδικα πλατφόρμα ReasonableGraph, είναι ένα project που προσπαθεί να μεταφέρει και να αποτυπώσει στον κόσμο των οντολογιών, τη γνώση που αναφέρεται σε μια περίοδο της ελληνικής ιστορίας, συγκεκριμένα στη δεκαετίας του 1940. Στόχος του ΑΣΕλΊς ήταν το «κτίσιμο ενός διασυνδεδεμένου ψηφιακού κόσμου» που θα παρέχει πληροφορίες για τα πρόσωπα, τους φορείς, τα γεγονότα και τόπους που συνδέθηκαν με την ελληνική ιστορία παρέχοντας ταυτόχρονα σύνδεση και διαλειτουργικότητα μεταξύ βιβλιογραφικών, αρχειακών και μουσειακών πόρων που αναφέρονται σε αυτές τις οντότητες. Για την επίτευξη των ανωτέρω, το ΑΣΕλΊς σχεδιάστηκε με βάση τα εννοιολογικά μοντέλα της οικογένειας του FRBR και του LRM, τους κανόνες περιγραφής RDA και εξειδικευμένες οντολογίες, που θα παρουσιάσουμε κατά την εισήγηση. Η εισήγηση θα ολοκληρωθεί με μια σύντομη επίδειξη του ΑΣΕλΊς και με τα συμπεράσματα από την υιοθέτηση εννοιολογικών μοντέλων και εφαρμογών για την οργάνωση και παρουσίαση αποθέματος που διαθέτουν τα Ιδρύματα Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς.

English Abstract: The subject of the paper is to present the feasibility of our approach in managing and developing historical inventory through the utilization of conceptual models and linked data focusing in the case of the Greek Modern History Repository (ASElIs).

The first section refers to the new scientific developments that were brought about in the areas of the Cultural Heritage Institutions by the semantic web, linked data, conceptual models and ontologies.

For the better understanding of the capabilities and perspectives that these new developments have to offer, the Greek Modern History Repository (ASELIS) will be presented. ASELIS, which is implemented on the open-source platform  ReasonableGraph, is a project that tries to convey and capture in the world of ontologies, the knowledge that regards a period of the Greek history, and in particular  of the 1940s.

The primary goal of ASELIS is to build a “complete linked digital world” that will offer information on the persons, organizations, events and places that are associated with Greek history, providing at the same time linkage and interoperability between bibliographic, archival and museum resources that refer to these entities. For achieving the latter, ASELIS was designed based on the conceptual models of the FRBR family and LRM, description rules RDA and special-purpose ontologies, which will be explained in the presentation.

The presentation will be completed by a short demonstration of ASELIS and with the conclusions from adopting conceptual models and applications for the organization and presentation of the inventory that Cultural Heritage Institutions have.

The influence of the German Bauhaus‘s Vorkurs (preliminary course) on schools of architecture and design in the 20th century has become so fa- miliar that many come to think of it as a point of mythic origin. Yet, despite its renown, the application for many of the Vorkurs exercises in the educa- tion of architects remains unclear. Originally conceived by Walter Gropius as an alternative to a normative Beaux Arts study of exemplars in antiquity, the Bauhaus promoted the education of artists and architects through ex- ercises that explored the compositional possibilities of different material effect and affects. After the departure of Vorkurs director Johannes Itten in 1922, the appointment of the Hungarian artist, László Moholy–Nagy as his replacement was predicated on Gropius’ reorientation of the Bauhaus towards “Art and Technology – a New Unity” during its 1923 Bauhaus Ausstellung (Bauhaus Exhibition). Inspired by the Austrian born botanist and nature philosopher Raoul Francé‘s concept of ‘bio–technique,’ Moho- ly–Nagy intended that students would extend a study of materials in the Vorkurs exercises to the creative imagination of “technische Form” (tech- nical form) in different media. To demonstrate this new approach to de- sign education in practice, Moholy-Nagy published two books, Von Mate- rial zur Architektur in 1929 (The New Vision in 1932) and Vision in Motion in 1947. Despite these examples, it remains unclear what role the Vorkurs material studies were intended to play in the imagination of architecture in particular. This paper explores the historical and theoretical implications of Moholy–Nagy‘s pedagogical approach towards design education in the creative translation of the Bauhaus’ Vorkurs material studies to new art and technological solutions for architecture.

This paper addresses the complexity of conceptual modeling in a sce-nario in which semantic interoperability requirements are increasingly present. It elaborates on the need for developing sound ontological foundations for conceptual modeling but also for developing complexity management tools derived from these foundations. In particular, the paper discusses three of these tools, namely, ontological patterns, ontological anti-patterns and pattern languages

... Systems Jorma Taramaal, Munish Khurana2., Pasi Kuvaja2, Jari Lehtonen3, Markku Oivol and Veikko Seppanen' ... ware. As software is easy to change or replace, it hasgot an increasingly important role in embedded systems. ...

What makes a text readable? Although there are many articles concerned with readability from various perspectives, there have been no recent attempts to consider the field more generally, as an area of scholarly research as well as one that has practical import. This book brings together the relevant literature and theories, and situates them within a unified account. Beginning with an historical treatment of the concept of readability and readability formulas, it goes on to discuss recent research on the subject from the perspectives of many fields, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and text linguistics. The book can serve as a one-stop resource for both scholars and practitioners who seek a single source offering a comprehensive, principled discussion of the issues. It fills a significant gap, since there is no other book on the market that even attempts such a comprehensive treatment of readability.

REVIEWS: "Anyone concerned about readability formulas will love this book, for it begins by providing a concise summary of the history of this elusive concept and points out the many past accepted fallacies in the efforts to produce grade and age level correlations of materials for children to read and understand, and then points to a more effective way to discover readability. The authors take this quest in an excitingly new direction. Instead of searching for correlations of material written by adults (an odd thought for studying material for children), they search for the answer in the language properties of texts that can impede fluent reading and, equally important, what kinds of knowledge different readers (including children) need in order to unpack the meaning of the text. The book takes the search beyond the purported complexity of words and sentences to a linguistic analysis of the effects of self-embedded structures, branching of relative clauses, ambiguities of various types, the repetition of coherence, and the important but largely overlooked background knowledge of readers, all of which suggest the need for different definitions of fluency and comprehension than have been hitherto advanced."  --Roger W. Shuy, Distinguished Research Professor of Linguistics, Emeritus, Georgetown University

In this paper, we revisit a number of classical formal meta-properties that have been used in the conceptual modeling and ontology engineering litera- ture to provide finer-grained distinctions among the category of Object Types. These distinctions constitute an essential part of relevant existing approaches, in particular, the ontology-driven conceptual modeling language OntoUML, and the ontology and taxonomy evaluation methodology OntoClean. The idea in this paper is to investigate the interaction between these meta-properties and Derived Object Types, i.e., Object Types which extensions are dynamically in- ferred via Derivation Rules. The contributions here are two-fold: firstly, we re- visit two classical Derivation Patterns and prove a number of results that can be used to infer the modal meta-properties of Derived Types from those of the types participating in the associated derivation rules; secondly, we demonstrate how these results can be applied in the automated support for model construc- tion in OntoUML.

There is growing evidence that water seepage in thick unsaturated zones in fractured rocks may occur in non-volume-averaged fashion, as relatively 'slow' flow in the rock matrix, and 'fast' flow along localized preferential pathways in fractures. This poses difficult challenges for ...

Over the millennia, physical models have served as important tools for the architect to imagine and project future constructions. Yet modeling practices do not remain the same; over time their production, purpose and conception undergo significant changes. During the early twentieth century, the German artist Kurt Schwitters (1887–1948) developed an approach to making and interpreting assemblages of found materials that he called ‘Merz.’ Schwitters, who studied architecture for two semesters, applied Merz to architectural modeling in several of his works including Haus Merz (1920) and Schloss und Kathedrale mit Hofbrunnen (1922) (Figure 1 and 2). In studies devoted to Schwitters’ oeuvre, Haus Merz and Schloss und Kathedrale mit Hofbrunnen are important works in his Merz architecture. Yet since Schwitters never gave an explicit account of the intention of his architectural models, scholars frequently label them as model sculptures or sculptures about architecture and not models that have a specific significance in his conception of architectural design.

A key challenge for data warehouse security is how to 
manage the entire system coherently  – from sources and their
export tables, to warehouse stored tables  (conventional and
cubes) and views defined over the warehouse. Permissions on the
warehouse must satisfy the restrictions of the data owners, and be
updated  quickly as those local concerns evolve. Yet the system
cannot demand extensive administrator time, since there are too
few people with both technical skills to  understand derivation
logic, and business skills to  balance security versus accessibility.
Security aspects should be considered in the design phase of the
data warehouse to better match the security requirements and to
avoid  later fundamental,cost-intensive adaptations. For the
identification of security requirements legal, audit, network and
other issues have to be considered

In a data warehouse, time is one of the dimensions for the analysis, but it refers to the moment in which the transaction was made, it does not explain in detail how the attributes or relationship involved in the transactions change. We are proposing a multidimensional schema that includes not only the main fact of analysis but also the temporal schemas, which did not belong to a hierarchy within the dimensions, but will register the variation of certain attributes and relationships. To build this schema, we are proposing an expansion of the algorithm that will allow to build the conceptual design of a data warehouse semi-automatically from a temporal entity-relationship model. We will unite in one model the multidimensional schema and the temporal schema to allow the registration and analysis of temporal variations and queries about the multidimensional structure.

We address problems in modelling the reliability of multiple-version software, and present models intended to improve the understanding of the various ways failure dependence between versions can arise. The previous models, by Eckhardt and Lee and by Littlewood and Miller, described what behaviour could be expected "on average" from a randomly chosen pair of "independently generated" versions. Instead, we address

Öğrenme-öğretme sürecine yönelik olarak her gün farklı yaklaşımlar hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, öğrenme-öğretme sürecine yönellik en son hazırlanan yeni yaklaşımları dikkate alarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlar Yeni Öğrenme-Öğretme Yaklaşımları ve Uygulama Örnekleri kitabı içerisinde toplam 17 bölüm olarak sunulmuştuır. Kitabın ilk bölümünde felsefe ve eğitim arasındaki ilişkisi vurgulandıktan sonra özellikle her yaklaşım sonunda uygulama örnekleri verilerek yaklaşımın uygulanabilirliği ve anlaşılabilirliği somutlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Yeni Öğrenem-Öğretme Yaklaşımları ve Uygulama Örnekleri kitabının eğitim dünyasında gerek lisans programlarında öğrenim gören öğrencilere gerek lisansüstü öğrenim gören öğrencilere gerekse alanda çalışan öğretmenlere ve akademisyenlere kaynak olacağını umut ediyoruz. Çalışma ilerleyen süreçte yenilikleri kapsayacak şekilde düzenlemelerle siz değerli okuyucuların kullanımına sunulacaktır.

Due to the increasing interest in the model driven architecture (MDA) paradigm, the conceptual models have become the backbone of the software development process. So far some methods exist to develop a user interface according to a MDA-compliant method, none of them explicitly connects usability to their process activities. In this paper, we present a framework which incorporates usability as part of a MDA development process. In particular, a usability model for early evaluation is proposed. Using this model, the usability of a software system is evaluated and improved at the platform independent model (PIM) level. It focuses on the correspondences between the abstract user interface elements and the final user interface elements in a specific platform (CM). This framework has been successfully applied to an industrial MDA tool

La Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo (CPD) ha emergido en los últimos años como un elemento clave del sistema global de ayuda al desarrollo. Sin embargo, no se han estudiado en profundidad las causas que contribuyen a su promoción. A fin de dilucidar si la Educación para el Desarrollo (ED) puede encontrarse entre estas causas, se realiza una revisión de la literatura experta sobre ambos conceptos y la posible relación entre ellos, que apunta a un posible papel de la ED como promotora de la CPD. Finalmente, para favorecer el desarrollo futuro de análisis estadísticos que corroboren esto, se realiza una revisión de los índices que hoy existen para evaluar el desempeño de cada país en ambas dimensiones.

Modelle sind ein Arbeitsinstrument in allen Wissenschaften. Sie werden auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise entwickelt und genutzt. Als Instrument verfügen sie über ihren eigenen Hintergrund, ihren Kontext und ihre community of practice. Sie reflektieren Situationen in einem Weltausschnitt. Eine allgemeine Wissenschaft der Modelle und des Modellierens wurde in einem fast alle Fakultäten überspannenden Kooperationsprojekt schrittweise entwickelt. Diese Wissenschaft wird in diesem Modul vorgestellt, anhand von Fallstudien untermauert, mit entsprechenden Methoden zur Entwicklung und Nutzung von Modellen unterlegt und mit Nutzungsszenarien in einzelnen Disziplinen verknüpft.

Was sind Modelle, wie modelliert man, wie geht man vor? Wer entwickelt und nutzt Modelle auf welche Weise? Warum werden Modelle genutzt? Wann und wofür werden Modelle eingesetzt? In welchem Kontext werden Modelle verwendet. Wie setzt man Modelle ein? Welche Funktion haben Modelle beim Gebrauch? In welchenm Nutzungsszenario werden sie verwendet? Welches Einsatzspektrum findet man üblicherweise für Modelle? Worin besteht der Wert und der Mehrwert von Modellen?
An der CAU wurden interdisziplinär ein allgemein akzeptierter und zugleich umfassender Modellbegriff und eine aussagenkräftige allgemeine Theorie der Modelle entwickelt. Diese Theorie wird vorgestellt und anhand von Fallstudien in wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen untermauert . Sie wird mit Methoden zur Entwicklung und Nutzung verknüpft. Modelle werden in Nutzungsszenarien von ihrer community of practice in deren und ihren Kontext eingesetzt.

Based on clinical experience and empirical literature demonstrating that child sexual abuse (CSA) often results in initial and long-term adverse outcomes, researchers have explored why such problems occur. Specifically, starting in the mid 1980s and continuing into the 1990s, several authors proposed conceptual models to explain the negative effects of CSA. Such models have been based on diverse theoretical premises. The purpose of the present article is to provide a general summary review of various conceptual models. Following the review, the current state of the literature on this topic is discussed, as are suggested future directions for research.