Infrastructure engineering

The potential risks associated with the use of recycled water have become a matter of concern for many organisations which are recycling water. Out of the many reasons, the major ones are that they are not able to maintain the efficiency of the treatment plant and to meet the high energy demand of these plants. These problems have led to restricted usage of treatment plants by the industries hence they allow the waste water to bypass directly into the natural water bodies without any treatment. This work has taken into consideration the issue of river Yamuna in Delhi, which is one of the most polluted rivers of the world. It has been identified that Nazafgarh drain located in west Delhi has got a major contribution in the polluting Yamuna. The need of the hour is to find an innovative solution to resolve the problem of water recycling and offer a platform to the industries where the burden of treating their factory effluents is taken care of. This paper proposes a 1 MLD water treatment plant based on Soil Biotechnology which can efficiently treat the Nazafgarh drain water and make it fit for disposal into Yamuna. SBT is an eco-friendly and sustainable technology developed at IIT Bombay which provides all levels of treatment in a single evergreen set up open to atmosphere which is odorless, cheap, simple to operate, easy to maintain and could be set up within the area of habilitation.

Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate. Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project execution KEYWORDS: Intelligent methods, project cost estimation and control, construction cost estimation, innovative methods in construction management

The rapid growth in trafficload intensity, tire pressure and traffic volume has put a hugedemand on pavements to perform satisfactorily for the design period. A number of efforts are made in the past to develop pavement materials that helped in attaining longer serviceability. Most of these efforts were directed towards improving the design of bituminous mix through modified bituminous binders. In this context an attempt is made to evaluate rutting characteristics of conventional bitumen modified with Poly phosphoric Acid (PPA). Immersion Type Wheel Rutting Machine was used for evaluation of rutting characteristics and is considered as one of the major critical criteria for design of pavement. Poly phosphoric Acid (PPA) is added as modifier to virgin bitumen (VG-30) at regular interval of 1% up to 6% to the weight of Bitumen. Bituminous Concrete of Grade-II is considered for Analysis. Slabs of 400X300X50mm are prepared for evaluation of rutting characteristics. Stability, density, voids and flow parameters were determined using marshal test method for virgin and PPA modified mix. The result of immersion wheel rutting explains that acid modified binders resist more rutting compared to virgin binders. Acid modified mixes at 3% optimum performs better in rutting characteristics when tested in laboratory for induced applied pressures, load and number of passes.

Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Civil Engineering and Urban Planning advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning.

The city is the economic and social life, as in the range of human abode, food and so on. The heights of the dependence of man, his various powers of the time to have done, and by the desire to consolidate and bring to the life of the necessary coordination with the villages thereof, and in the nature of necessity and for a dwelling-place and information to build the human environment. In all, according to the nature of the species, and the culture and civilization of the difference, and principal users, as one element in the human city, and that the beneficiaries of the effective element of his own. Unfortunately, irregular to pass out to the cities, especially the metropolises made us to increase of faces, to provide the service, and to the many questions of the citizens. Smart of this question in recent decades, a number of strategies for the solution of the great circles that was offered in the academic plans. That is powerful, smart electronic city and citizens of continuous service users, but unlike electronic city so residents know each client, users smart and play the role of the citizens of the city, the head of the fountain. Unlike the electronic city, only to meet the needs of the citizens of the city had no pain, but in the interaction cycle, is exposed to the knowledge of the heads of men, and were out of the city, provide services in the city, which is done in the way of life of the urban development. On the other hand, it should be noted, because of the large and the density of the high places of the cities of the time, already in the cities which have no matter to work on the administration of the traditional methods of the town is rather moderate. This study tries to explain the history of the electronic city, he laid the city: and the sorrow of mourning in the city. In this study, we found an expert to other learned men proceeded so far, better to use.

With the progression of innovation and present day science, individuals are expecting data about the area of any protest for following purposes. GPS is a framework which has been executed and is open with no confinement. Having the office of GPS, we require a GPS gadget to compute the area from the data taken from GPS. This paper exhibits an examination on Area Based Services and is coordinated on finding and following of Android gadgets. In this usage I am utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and Web Services, and android advanced mobile phone gadget Bhuvan Geotag for Route Planning since Android gadgets have a worked in highlight of GPS benefit. Some most recent requesting devices and innovation utilized for this execution are Java, AVD, WAMP etc. A Location-Based Service (LBS) gives data and administration of the topographical position of the cell phone. This should be possible through the portable system and using the capacity to influence utilization of that data. So as to decide the area of client's cell phone in a LBS application, situating advances or a situating part. For example, satellite situating, cell organize situating, WLAN stations or radio signals is required. Subsequently the greater part of the present LBS administrations don't require clients to enter area physically, for example, giving road name or postal district. Specialist coops are likewise required since they offer unique sorts of LBS administrations to clients and are in charge of preparing administration asks for and reacts back by sending ask for comes about. Servers can compute areas or position, scan for a way or seek particular data with respect to use position. Typically all the data asked for by clients are not store and keep up by the Service suppliers, geographic information are gather and put away by content supplier information. For example, Location based related information are additionally gather and store by the content supplier. Administration servers will demands and process these information and after that came back to clients.

6th International Conference on Civil Engineering (CiViE 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Civil Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Civil Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas Civil Engineering.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers' health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and 2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers' health. After controlling for confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation's economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing, stress, headache diagnostic examination.

Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Civil Engineering and Urban Planning advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. All submissions must describe original research, not published or currently under review for another conference or journal.

Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Civil Engineering and Urban Planning advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning.

5th International Conference on Civil Engineering (CE 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Civil Engineering. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Civil Engineering. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas Civil Engineering

In historic time social factors around the spatial existing framework generated development of the city. What we see today is contradictory as economic factors govern the growth of the city. Speed of transformation is noticeably high, while the growth of the city majors in a quantity of physical infrastructural development rather than the quality of public life. Ironically, when we look at a newly planned city like Navi Mumbai infrastructural needs sometimes are becoming the reason for the creation of urban voids in the city fabric. This paper is going to focus on Infrastructural linear voids which are cutting the morphology of the city. Urban Infrastructural voids in Kharghar are identified and typologies are formulated by observational study. This paper investigates if we can utilize these Infrastructural urban voids holistically to formulate a network of public spaces to bind the city holistically.

The waste generated during the construction and demolition activities include sand, gravel, concrete, bricks, metal, plastic, glass etc. This construction and demolition waste is mainly disposed in landfills. Recycling and reuse of this waste will result in preservation of natural resources, effective utilization of growing waste stream, saving landfill space. This paper discusses the utilization of recycled aggregates as coarse aggregates in the preparation of concrete. In the present study, fresh concrete and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) cubes are prepared and tested for compressive strength at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days curing. The results are compared for both the types of concrete.

Over the past decade, several number of commercial and non-commercial catastrophe risk models have been developed to assess the financial losses caused by natural catastrophes including earthquakes. The output of such models are in different sectors such as disaster risks management, financial institutions and also research centers. Generally, due to great amount of inherent uncertainty in these models the direct deployment of the results by the user is a tough process. As an example, in disaster risk reduction sector a common missing link in this context is a decision-support medium that interprets the risk analysis outputs to the non-technical stakeholders. To overcome this problem, user-friendly analytical tools can be employed to translate the disaster risk analysis results into an understandable language for the potential stakeholder user. Presenting two models, attempts to address two different examples of such decisionsupport tools. The first model, UERI, is structured to incorporate several urban risk components (hazard, physical vulnerability, disaster management facilities and human exposure) based on a number earthquake risk indicators. The second tooles the use of a mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model to finds an opt spatil land-use allocation patter a given urban environment area.
Both models are capable of assisting decision-makers in using the output results of existing damage and loss estimation methodologies and also facilitating the process of risk reduction planning by providing basic solutions for stakeholders. The proposed models have been applied to a vulnerable urban area in Tehran, Iran and their performances have been examined.

Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Civil Engineering and Urban Planning advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning.

This study attempts to make use of traffic behaviour on the aggregate level to estimate congestion on urban arterial and sub-arterial roads of a city exhibiting heterogeneous traffic conditions by breaking the route into independent segments and approximating the origin-destination based traffic flow behaviour of the segments. The expected travel time in making a trip is modelled against sectional traffic characteristics (flow and speed) at origin and destination points of road segments, and roadway and segment traffic characteristics such as diversion routes are also tried in accounting for travel time. Predicted travel time is then used along with free flow time to determine the state of congestion on the segments using a congestion index (CI). A development of this kind may help in understanding traffic and congestion behaviour practically using easily accessible inputs, limited only to the nodes, and help in improving road network planning and management.

Sewage treatment plant under study has 9 MLD capaci ty and is located in Gurgaon. It receives sewage from the surrounding residential areas and after th ree stage treatment, treated effluent is supplied b ack to meet water requirement for various purposes. This h as certainly reduced dependency on the precious underground water and thereby reducing the burden a nd saving environment. For performance evaluation of the sewage treatment plant samples were collecte d at various stages i.e., at inlet raw sewage, afte r primary treatment, secondary treatment and after te rtiary treatment. Samples were tested to measure various parameters like pH, Biochemical Oxygen Dema nd (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) , Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total Coliform, Phosphorous and Oil & Grease. Data on above paramet ers were observed and collected for three months November, 2014 to January, 2015. All these treatmen t are adding a huge cost to the...

The waste generated during the construction and demolition activities include sand, gravel, concrete, bricks, metal, plastic, glass etc. This construction and demolition waste is mainly disposed in landfills. Recycling and reuse of this waste will result in preservation of natural resources, effective utilization of growing waste stream, saving landfill space. This paper discusses the utilization of recycled aggregates as coarse aggregates in the preparation of concrete. In the present study, fresh concrete and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) cubes are prepared and tested for compressive strength at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days curing. The results are compared for both the types of concrete.

Sewage treatment plant under study has 9 MLD capaci ty and is located in Gurgaon. It receives sewage from the surrounding residential areas and after th ree stage treatment, treated effluent is supplied b ack to meet water requirement for various purposes. This h as certainly reduced dependency on the precious underground water and thereby reducing the burden a nd saving environment. For performance evaluation of the sewage treatment plant samples were collecte d at various stages i.e., at inlet raw sewage, afte r primary treatment, secondary treatment and after te rtiary treatment. Samples were tested to measure various parameters like pH, Biochemical Oxygen Dema nd (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) , Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total Coliform, Phosphorous and Oil & Grease. Data on above paramet ers were observed and collected for three months November, 2014 to January, 2015. All these treatmen t are adding a huge cost to the...

The waste generated during the construction and demolition activities include sand, gravel, concrete, bricks, metal, plastic, glass etc. This construction and demolition waste is mainly disposed in landfills. Recycling and reuse of this waste will result in preservation of natural resources, effective utilization of growing waste stream, saving landfill space. This paper discusses the utilization of recycled aggregates as coarse aggregates in the preparation of concrete. In the present study, fresh concrete and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) cubes are prepared and tested for compressive strength at the end of 7 th , 14 th and 28 th days curing. The results are compared for both the types of concrete.

Sewage treatment plant under study has 9 MLD capacity and is located in Gurgaon. It receives sewage from the surrounding residential areas and after three stage treatment, treated effluent is supplied back to meet water requirement for various purposes. This has certainly reduced dependency on the precious underground water and thereby reducing the burden and saving environment. For performance evaluation of the sewage treatment plant samples were collected at various stages i.e., at inlet raw sewage, after primary treatment, secondary treatment and after tertiary treatment. Samples were tested to measure various parameters like pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total Coliform, Phosphorous and Oil & Grease. Data on above parameters were observed and collected for three months November, 2014 to January, 2015. All these treatment are adding a huge cost to the recycled water. Hence the present study is aimed to provide alternatives to reduce the cost input. Also studies were made to find out ways by minimizing processes and stages of treatment.

Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Civil Engineering and Urban Planning advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning.

All submissions must describe original research, not published or currently under review for another conference or journal.

e-Science is a pioneering method that uses integrated collections of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), or e-Infrastructures, to enable scientists across the world to collaboratively work on more and more ambitious projects. Have advances and access to ICTs enabled African e-Infrastructure development? This paper aims to understand the current state of e-Infrastructure uptake in Africa and present some of these initiatives across the African continent by exploring the current landscape emerging from a survey of early consumers. These initiatives are discussed in terms of key projects and user communities that they are addressing. In line with wider perceptions that e-Infrastructures will re-shape the ways research is performed, this study yielded 34 current or planned e-Infrastructure projects across 13 African countries addressing a range of research domains, and identified 7 user communities across these disciplines. Our findings suggest that the African research community is increasingly interested and involved in e-Infrastructure development activities in response to the issue of limited access to dedicated global research and education resources. The study can contribute to the ongoing discussion on how e-Infrastructures can positively promote the research, technological development and innovation potential of developing countries.

Rationale The core idea behind little brother is to avoid the inevitable lag between the increase in data volume and increases in available bandwidth and centralized processing power, and make complex analyses of crucial infrastructure available where it is most needed. The insight that drives it is that since data is both arbitrarily large and grows exponentially, it is difficult initially and eventually impossible to analyze centrally no matter how much initial processing power you have available, while moving data to analyze it introduces additional complexity in terms of security of private data. The notion of " Big Brother " from Orwell's 1984 rests on the assumption that a tremendous volume of data could be both centralized and analyzed with sufficient depth that the posited centralized authority could be for practical purposes omniscient. The name of the system plays off that notion, since the exponential growth of such data makes it difficult to posit that it will ever in fact be possible. The fastest and most secure way to deal with data of any size is to not move it. Code on the other hand is relatively small and generic. Keeping data at the local collector solves performance and scaling issues by adding analytic power whenever data collectors are added, since they are in the same device, and public and individual concerns over ownership and access to that data. The system, though, must be able to move code to the collection device capable of performing reasonably complex analyses on that data within the data collection device, using tailored analysis scripts and flexible, powerful underlying analysis code, to assess the potential impact of problem patterns discovered in the local infrastructure. System " little brother " uses two-containers with low resource requirements in a Raspberry PI or similar micro-device, and a microcontainer hosted by a cloud provider. While the micro-device does need to be connected to the internet during the analysis phase, that connection does not have to be maintained constantly nor does it have to be particularly fast, making it possible to utilize the system over low bandwidth internet connections. The three modules respectively perform the following functions: 1: Pharo: collect raw data and create models that enable problem pattern matching; allow analysis scripts to be written and existing scripts to be edited, store scripts with user permission to shared repositories-Pharo 2: Kura: store 'cleaned' (all identifying information removed) copies of data models with discovered problems and correlations to analysis scripts written locally for it, and transmit the problem patterns from those models and correlated script information to the cloud microcontainer's distributed query engine 3: Microcontainer with distributed query engine: accept distributed queries, correlate problem pattern to existing local problem patterns, and return reasonably close matches that contain repository references to associated analysis scripts