Crash

To investigate the possible beneficial effect of a new stimulation protocol (termed ‘CRASH’) on the outcome of poor responder patients, a multicentre, prospective longitudinal study including a total of 36 women undergoing 72 IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with patients serving as their own controls, was conducted. A poor responder patient was defined as a patient with four or fewer

Visibility is critical to the task of driving and reduction in visibility due to fog, smoke or other weather events such as heavy rain is a major traffic operation and safety concern. In Florida, these conditions could be a result of sudden dense fog, fires (whether wild or controlled), and heavy pockets of rain or hail. Real time measurement of visibility may help in warning the drivers when the visibility falls below certain acceptable levels. Devices measuring visibility are the key toward that objective. This paper reports on the design of a visibility warning and detection system that detects any reduction in visibility below a certain limit that would be considered hazardous for normal traffic flow conditions. This system can also respond accordingly in real time to convey specific warning messages to drivers in an effective way and report this information to the appropriate Traffic Management Center (TMC). The innovation in this system is that it was developed from components that are inexpensive and available commercially. Also, this system can be employed as portable or fixed system. A fixed system might be useful in areas that tend to have dense fog (for example, rural sections of freeways). However, the portable system can be used every time a wildfire occurs close to a highway. The system components and a preliminary testing for the system’s performance are discussed and presented in this paper.

 In this paper, we estimate the dependence structure between international stock markets using copulas. Different relationships that exist in normal and extreme periods were estimated using Clayton copula.  The Inference Functions for Margins method was used in estimating the clayton copula parameter thereby obtaining dependence estimates used in estimating Value-at-Risk. Extreme events are likely to alter the dependence structure of financial markets.This could have implications for investment decisions and ability to estimate the risk of financial markets crash. Results reveal that during the crisis period (2007-2009), maximum possible loss of market value is 75.9% and 77.6% with a confidence interval of 90% for the Kenya-Nigeria and Kenya-South Africa portfolios respectively. This implies that the Kenya-South Africa portfolio has the highest risk.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) established the Development of Crash Modification Factors (DCMF) Program in 2012 to address highway safety researchers’ need to evaluate new and innovative safety strategies (improvements) using reliable, quantitative estimates of the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing crashes. Forty-one State departments of transportation provided technical feedback on safety improvements for the DCMF Program and implemented new safety improvements to facilitate evaluations. These States are members of the Evaluations of Low-Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study (ELCSI–PFS), which functions under the DCMF Program.

Several studies have shown that European police crash reports provide different detail degrees of work zone crash-related data. In this sense, the present study aims to verify the possibility of identifying significant risk factors involved in the occurrence of road work zone crashes with casualties, based on the official data usually available, through a descriptive, binary logistic, and probit regression statistical analysis. To accomplish the analysis, a total of 2597 police-reports related to 1767 Portuguese work zone crashes that occurred during the 2013–2015 period were considered and binary logistic and probit regression models were estimated by the main type of crash, contributing factor, and driver age group. Fifteen explanatory variables, selected based on the literature review and crash data provided in police crash reports, were considered in the analysis. The results obtained for the estimated coefficients and goodness-of-fit test values were found very similar for both...

The development of fatal outcome was reviewed based on crash data including all fatally injured 0–14 year old car occupants in Sweden during 1956–2011 and put in relation to general improvements in vehicle and road safety and implementation of restraint systems. The review revealed a substantial decrease in crash‐related fatalities among 0–14 year old car occupants during the past three decades, representing a significant drop of 83% compared to the highest scores in the 1960s–70s. During 1992–2011, a total of 194 crash‐related fatalities were registered; the majority occurred on high‐speed roads. Head injury was a primary cause of death, in a total of 54% of all cases. Two fifths of the crashes involved a single car, while three fifths involved other vehicles. In total, 24% of the children were unrestrained, and 59% of those were ejected during crashes. Among the restrained children, 56% were considered to be appropriately restrained according to Swedish recommendations. Crash seve...

This article investigates a mechanism to tolerate omission failure in moving sequencer based atomic broadcast at distributed systems. Various mechanisms are already given for moving sequencer based atomic broadcast like RMP [1], DTP [2], Pin Wheel [3] and mechanism proposed by [4]. But none of these mechanisms are efficient to tolerate different failure. Scholarly observation is that, these algorithms can tolerate only crash failure but not capable to tolerate omission or byzantine failure. This work is an extension of [4]. This work proposes a mechanism to tolerate omission failure in moving sequencer based atomic broadcast. Hence this work is a refined version of [4]. This work relies on unicast broadcast hence it will introduce a very less number of messages in comparison to previous mechanisms [5]. B [6] has been used as formal technique for development of proposed model. B uses set theory as a modeling notation, refinements to represent system at different abstraction level. Pr...

Recent government legislation and policy promotes an increase in walking and cycling as an alternative to the increasing demand for motor vehicle travel. Concern exists, however, that an increase in these modes, particularly cycling, could lead to a substantial increase in pedestrian and cyclist fatalities and injuries. In this research, carried out between 2002 and 2004, accident rates for cyclists and pedestrians were investigated and interviews carried out with casualties. A high under-reporting rate was observed. Using traffic, cyclist and pedestrian counts and reported accidents between the ‘active modes’ and motor vehicles, accident prediction models (APMs) were developed. These include models for various accident types at signalised crossroads, roundabouts and mid-block locations. These models were used to calculate the likely change in motor vehicle, pedestrian and cycle accidents and also accident rate per road user for a change in mode, particularly motor vehicle trips to ...

Mechanical components are commonly fastened together using bolts. In many applications, they are subjected to impact loads during their service life. Their response and failure behaviour under these conditions needs to be known for their safe use. The objective of this study was to develop computationally efficient and accurate finite element models for bolted joints under impact loading. First, a three-dimensional detailed finite element model for a bolted joint was developed using solid elements. With this full modelling, the aim was to simulate the physics of the impact event as accurately as possible without any concern about computational cost. In the design of mechanical structures containing numerous fastening elements, use of detailed models is not practicable, because the computational cost of the analysis dramatically increases with the increased number of complex interacting parts. Instead, simplified models that only account for dominating effects should be utilized so t...