DTD

This paper attempts to provide insight as to how to guarantee a statement like: My PHP script produces WML. To expand a little, the emphasis is to ensure that a script always produces a valid WML page. The context is where pages in a web-site are being created by an embedded scripting language (like PHP, ASP, Perl) and also that the resulting pages are to conform to a strict tagged markup scheme like WML or XHTML. Although there are validators for static pages there is nothing available to check that a page containing embedded scripting will (always) generate valid documents. What is required is a validator for dynamic web pages.

We define a universal data interchange format to enable exchange of rich social network data and improve compatibility of analysis and visualization tools. DyNetML is an XML-derived language that provides means to express rich social network data. DyNetML also provides an extensible facility for linking anthropological, process description and other data with social networks. DyNetML has been implemented and in use by the CASOS group at Carnegie Mellon University as a data interchange format. We have also implemented parsing and conversion software for interoperability with other software packages.

XML has been recognized as a promising language for data exchange over the Internet. A number of query languages have been proposed for querying XML data. Most of those languages are path-expression based. One difficulty in forming path-expression based queries is that users have to know the structure of XML data against which the queries were issued. In this paper, we describe a DTD-driven visual query interface for XML database systems. With such an interface, a user can easily form path-expression based queries by clicking elements in the DTD tree displayed on the screen and supplying conditions if necessary. The interface and the query generation process are described in detail.

La représentation de partitions musicales sur un écran, particulièrement à travers un navigateur, n'a aujourd'hui pas de solution totalement satisfaisante : l'esthétique, l'encombrement, l'indexation ou l'interactivité sont quatre critères dont l'un au moins est sacrifié au profit des autres. Dans cette étude nous montrons qu'un jeu de feuilles de style XSL et une méta-description par DTD permettent de générer un document SVG satisfaisant les quatre critères retenus.

In this paper, we present a technique for efficient extraction of concise and accurate schemas for XML documents. By restricting the schema form and applying some heuristic rules, we achieve the efficiency and conciseness. The result of an experiment with real-life DTDs shows that our approach attains high accuracy and is 20 to 200 times faster than existing approaches.

We often use UML diagrams for our software development projects, and also for modeling XML DTDs and Schemas, finding that although UML diagrams can effectively be made to represent DTDs and Schemas (either using Class or Component diagrams), in real practice, complex DTDs and Schemas produce unreadable, unmanageable, complex UML diagrams. Recently we started exploring other types of diagrams and unconventional methods which can be both useful for designing and modeling semistructured data, and as teaching aids or thinking tools. This experience also served to open our minds to tools and methods other than the recognized mainstream practices.
In this paper, we describe how we managed to use Mind Maps and a modified Freemind tool to successfully model, design, modify, import and export XML DTDs, XML Schemas (XSD and RNG) and also XML document instances, getting very manageable, easily comprehensible, folding diagrams. In this way, we converted a general purpose mind-mapping tool, into a very powerful tool for XML vocabulary design and simplification (and also for teaching XML markup, or for presentation purposes).

XML is an emerging standard for the representation and exchange of Internet data. Along with document type definition (DTD), XML permits the execution of a collection of queries, using XPath to identify data in XML documents. In this paper we examine how XML data can be stored and queried using a standard relational database management system (RDBMS). For this, we propose a technique for automatic mapping from an XML document to relations within the RDBMS. We demonstrate that our novel approach preserves the nested structure of the XML documents. By hiding database details we devise a seamless, transparent framework for user access to XML data. In order to achieve this, we propose a novel mechanism for translating an XPath query into an SQL statement. Furthermore, we propose efficient techniques for the construction of an XML document on the fly from the result set of the SQL statement. We also present findings in terms of query response time on the comparative performance of different techniques for the construction of an XML document on the fly.

We reported earlier that in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coil, truncated derivatives of diphtheria toxin undergo limited proteolysis [Zdanovsky et at., Mol. Biol. 22 (1988Biol. 22 ( ) 1037Biol. 22 ( -1293. Here, we present data indicating that this proteolysis is reduced in cells bearing a mutation in the degP gene. We have also constructed hybrid genes whose products are not secreted into the periplasm. These hybrid genes were expressed in E. coli from both the PR promoter, controlled by the heat-inducible C1857 repressor, and from the Pk,~ promoter, controlled by the IPTG-inducible LacI repressor. The latter system proved to be more productive.

... tPROY, < WE FILE I NAMElz <ADDWSS FILE - ADD12 </IROY> <MTk PILE - DATAlr <TO> <WL FILE - NAME2r <ADDRIBS FILE = ADD22> </TO> <sN& PILE i SALUTlr <BODY> <QUIA PILE = PARAb </BODY> <CW#E PILE I CLOSElr ... of the first ICDAR, Saint-Malo, France, pp. ...

In this paper, the material and spatial characterization of the flows within a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system are combined through a Network-Based Spatial Material Flow Analysis. Using this information, two core indicators are developed for the bio-waste fraction, the Net Recovery Index (NRI) and the Transport Intensity Index (TII), which are aimed at assessing progress towards policyrelated sustainable MSW management strategies and objectives. The NRI approaches the capacity of a MSW management system for converting waste into resources through a systematic metabolic approach, whereas the TII addresses efficiency in terms of the transport requirements to manage a specific waste flow throughout the entire MSW management life cycle. Therefore, both indicators could be useful in assessing key MSW management policy strategies, such as the consecution of higher recycling levels (sustainability principle) or the minimization of transport by locating treatment facilities closer to generation sources (proximity principle). To apply this methodological approach, the bio-waste management system of the region of Catalonia (Spain) has been chosen as a case study. Results show the adequacy of both indicators for identifying those points within the system with higher capacity to compromise its environmental, economic and social performance and therefore establishing clear targets for policy prioritization. Moreover, this methodological approach permits scenario building, which could be useful in assessing the outcomes of hypothetical scenarios, thus proving its adequacy for strategic planning.

Resumen. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de extraccion e integracion de informacion contenida dentro de tablas de tipo HTML, el modelo de extraccion de informacion se apoya en un conjunto de heuristicas y reglas de deduccion. Para determinar este conjunto de reglas se determino una deteccion rigurosa de tablas y elementos de tablas HTML segun su tipo de estructura y complejidad. El proposito de la investigacion es extractar e integrar la informacion con el proposito de generar informacion estructurada bajo la forma documentos de tipo XML.

Workshop de Agentes y Sistemas Inteligentes Resumen. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de extracción e integración de información contenida dentro de tablas de tipo HTML, el modelo de extracción de información se apoya en un conjunto de heurísticas y reglas de deducción. Para determinar este conjunto de reglas se determino una detección rigurosa de tablas y elementos de tablas HTML según su tipo de estructura y complejidad. El propósito de la investigación es extractar e integrar la información con el propósito de generar información estructurada bajo la forma documentos de tipo XML.

In this paper, the material and spatial characterization of the flows within a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system are combined through a Network-Based Spatial Material Flow Analysis. Using this information, two core indicators are developed for the bio-waste fraction, the Net Recovery Index (NRI) and the Transport Intensity Index (TII), which are aimed at assessing progress towards policyrelated sustainable MSW management strategies and objectives. The NRI approaches the capacity of a MSW management system for converting waste into resources through a systematic metabolic approach, whereas the TII addresses efficiency in terms of the transport requirements to manage a specific waste flow throughout the entire MSW management life cycle. Therefore, both indicators could be useful in assessing key MSW management policy strategies, such as the consecution of higher recycling levels (sustainability principle) or the minimization of transport by locating treatment facilities closer to generation sources (proximity principle). To apply this methodological approach, the bio-waste management system of the region of Catalonia (Spain) has been chosen as a case study. Results show the adequacy of both indicators for identifying those points within the system with higher capacity to compromise its environmental, economic and social performance and therefore establishing clear targets for policy prioritization. Moreover, this methodological approach permits scenario building, which could be useful in assessing the outcomes of hypothetical scenarios, thus proving its adequacy for strategic planning.

The metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of streptonigrin (SN) were determined in two human colon carcinoma cell lines: HT-29 with high NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2, DTD) activity and BE with undetectable DTD activity. Dicumarol-sensitive oxidation of NADH was observed with HT-29 cytosol, but not with BE cytosol. Oxygen consumption was also observed using HT-29 cytosol, but was absent with BE cytosol. Dicumarol inhibited oxygen consumption with HT-29 cytosol, but deferoxamine had no effect, suggesting that divalent metal cations were not necessary for efficient auto-oxidation of SN hydroquinone. In cytotoxicity studies, SN was much more toxic to the DTD-rich HT-29 cells than to the DTD-deficient BE cells. Deferoxamine decreased toxicity in both cell lines, implicating hydroxyl radicals produced during Fentontype reactions as the toxic species. In the genotoxicity assay, SN induced a much higher incidence of DNA strand breaks in HT-29 cells than in BE cells, and deferoxamine protected against DNA strand breaks in both cell lines. Some evidence of DNA repair was also observed in the two cell lines. These results support an important role for DTD in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of SN in the high DTD HT-29 colon carcinoma cell line. BIOCHEM PHARMACOL 51;5:645-652, 1996.

Despite being relatively unheralded, application-to-application communication of data in standard format still requires human intervention in vast majority of electronic commerce transactions. The perception of the entire electronic data interchange paradigm has to take into account manual data entry of relevant information. Efficient data entry requires de facto standards to capture and structure data of end-users so they can be automatically processed by appropriate applications. The XML meta-language, which is a general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages, highlights a step toward capturing structured data from graphical interfaces. In fact, XML provides Document Definition Types (DTD) to describe a class of documents in terms of constraints on their structures. However providing on-the-fly graphical forms to capture data based upon predefined DTDs raises a challenge in supporting advanced web-based applications. In this paper, we present a system that is able to automatically generate web forms or editors to capture data with respect to predefined DTDs. On the completion of the data entry the web--based form builds appropriate XML documents. The system receives a DTD as an input and relies on attributed grammars to associate semantic to its elements and produces on-the-fly an HTML-based editor.

De doelstelling van werkpakket 1.1 van het ELO-project is:'het conceptueel verfijnen van de componenten van de innovatieve onderwijsaanpak, zoals deze zijn vastgelegd in de definitiestudie van ELO (U98/10.424)'. n de definitiestudie is een paragraaf te vinden over een nieuwe, innovatieve onderwijsaanpak, genaamd'competentiegericht onderwijs'. Het doorvoeren van de principes van competentiegericht onderwijs leidt tot flexibel, op maat gesneden onderwijs, waarbij de kloof tussen arbeidsmarkt en onderwijs op een optimale ...

The metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of streptonigrin (SN) were determined in two human colon carcinoma cell lines: HT-29 with high NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2, DTD) activity and BE with undetectable DTD activity. Dicumarol-sensitive oxidation of NADH was observed with HT-29 cytosol, but not with BE cytosol. Oxygen consumption was also observed using HT-29 cytosol, but was absent with BE cytosol. Dicumarol inhibited oxygen consumption with HT-29 cytosol, but deferoxamine had no effect, suggesting that divalent metal cations were not necessary for efficient auto-oxidation of SN hydroquinone. In cytotoxicity studies, SN was much more toxic to the DTD-rich HT-29 cells than to the DTD-deficient BE cells. Deferoxamine decreased toxicity in both cell lines, implicating hydroxyl radicals produced during Fentontype reactions as the toxic species. In the genotoxicity assay, SN induced a much higher incidence of DNA strand breaks in HT-29 cells than in BE cells, and deferoxamine protected against DNA strand breaks in both cell lines. Some evidence of DNA repair was also observed in the two cell lines. These results support an important role for DTD in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of SN in the high DTD HT-29 colon carcinoma cell line. BIOCHEM PHARMACOL 51;5:645-652, 1996.

Mutations in the sulfate transporter gene, SCL26A2, lead to cartilage proteoglycan undersulfation resulting in chondrodysplasia in humans; the phenotype is mirrored in the diastrophic dysplasia (dtd) mouse. It remains unclear whether bone shortening and deformities are caused solely by changes in the cartilage matrix, or whether chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan undersulfation affects also signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore we studied macromolecular sulfation in the different zones of the dtd mouse growth plate and these data were related to growth plate histomorphometry and proliferation analysis. A 2-fold increase of non-sulfated disaccharide in dtd animals compared to wild-type littermates in the resting, proliferative and hypertrophic zones was detected indicating proteoglycan undersulfation; among the three zones the highest level of undersulfation was in the resting zone. The relative height of the hypertrophic zone and the average number of cells per column in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones were significantly reduced compared to wild-types; however the total height of the growth plate was within normal values. The chondrocyte proliferation rate, measured by bromodeoxyuridine labelling, was also significantly reduced in mutant mice. Immunohistochemistry combined with expression data of the dtd growth plate demonstrated that the sulfation defect alters the distribution pattern, but not expression, of Indian hedgehog, a long range morphogen required for chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. These data suggest that in dtd mice proteoglycan undersulfation causes reduced chondrocyte proliferation in the proliferative zone via the Indian hedgehog pathway, therefore contributing to reduced long bone growth.

The DTD of a set of XML documents may change due to many reasons such as changes to the real world events, changes to the user's requirements, and mistakes in the initial design. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm called DTD-Diff to detect the changes to DTDs that defines the structure of a set of XML documents. Such change detection tool can be useful in several ways such as maintenance of XML documents, incremental maintenance of relational schema for storing XML data, and XML schema integration. We compare DTD-Diff with existing XML change detection approaches and show that converting DTD to XML Schema (XSD) (which is in XML document format) and detecting the changes using existing XML change detection algorithms is not a feasible option. Our experimental results show that DTD-Diff is 5-325 times faster than X-Diff when it detects the changes to the XSD files. We also study the result quality of detected deltas.

In order to elucidate the effect on mammal systems of new derivatives from 2-hydroxy-3-allylnaphthoquinone, ␣-iodinated naphthofuranquinone (NPPN-3223), ␤-iodinated naphthofuranquinone (NPPN-3222) and ␤-methyl naphthofuranquinone (NPPN-3226) synthesized as possible trypanocidal agents, their effect on rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation was investigated. They (a) inhibited NADPH-dependent, iron-catalyzed microsomal rat liver lipid peroxidation; (b) did not inhibit the tertbutyl hydroperoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation; (c) did not inhibit ascorbate-lipid peroxidation with the exception of NPPN-3226 which did inhibit it; (d) stimulated NADPH oxidation and microsomal oxygen uptake; (e) increased superoxide anion formation by NADPH-supplemented microsomes and (f) stimulated ascorbate oxidation. The three drugs were reduced to their seminaphthofuranquinone radical by the liver NADPH-P450 reductase system, as detected by ESR measurements. These results support the hypothesis that naphthofuranquinones reduction by microsomal NADPH-P450 reductase and semiquinone oxidation by molecular oxygen diverts electrons, preventing microsomal lipid peroxidation. In addition, hydroquinones and/or semiquinones formed by naphthofuranquinones reduction would be capable of lipid peroxidation inhibition and on interacting with the lipid peroxide radicals can lead to an antioxidant effect as we suggested for NPPN-3226 in close agreement to the inhibition of ascorbate-lipid peroxidation. Due to the properties of these molecules and their incoming structure developments, naphthofuranquinones would be considered as potentially promising therapeutic agents, mainly against Chagas disease.