Www

ABSTRACT The World Wide Web is currently considered as the most appropriate software platform for the deployment of applications in wide area networks (telematics) as well as corporate intranets. Such applications are, in the majority of cases, tightly coupled with legacy databases hosted by relational management systems. However, the nature of the database enabled WWW systems is quite different from that of classical database applications developed with tools like 4GLs, Forms, Menus, etc. The basic difference lies in the stateless character of the WWW. The `user session' concept, encountered in conventional database applications, does not apply in the WWW environment. Instead, interaction with the information server is accomplished through a series of hits (request–response interactions) which are treated independently. This paper presents an architecture for the deployment of stateful database gateways for WWW servers. Although the server still treats each individual hit independently, state information maintained in the WWW browser as well as in specialized agents that operate behind the WWW server renders the WWW appropriate for a `session-aware' database application. The effort required to port an existing `session-aware' database application to the WWW environment is minimal.

Application-level web security refers to vulnerabilities inher-ent in the code of a web-application itself (irrespective of the technologies in which it is implemented or the security of the web-server/back-end database on which it is built). In the last few months ...

Ontologies are a very important element for applications. They are used in many areas such as management information systems, e-commerce applications. Ontologies also play a major role in the new technology called Web 3.0, which computers and systems in addition to humans can read and understand. New ontology-based applications and information architectures are being developed for this new Web. In this study; web 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0, which is also called semantic web, are examined and summarized. Information is provided about ontology, one of the building blocks of the semantic web, which is necessary to incorporate machines into the web. Besides, hospital appointment ontology which is an ontology developed in the light of this information is presented.

Deep web refers to the hidden portion of the WWW (World Wide Web) which cannot be accessed directly. One of the important issues in the WWW is how to search the hidden Web. Several techniques have been proposed in order to address this issue. In this paper, we have surveyed the current problems of retrieving information from hidden Web and proposed a solution to solve these problems using probability, iterative deepening search and graph theory.

This paper outlines our experiences with applying collaborative tagging in e-learning systems to supplement more traditional metadata gathering approaches. Over the last 10 years, the learning object paradigm has emerged in e-learning and has caused standards bodies to focus on creating metadata repositories based upon strict domain-free taxonomies. We argue that the social collection phenomena and flexible metadata standards are key in collecting the kinds of metadata required for adaptable online learning. This paper takes a broad look at tagging within elearning. It first looks at the implications for tagging within the domain through an analysis of tags students provided when classifying learning objects. Next, it looks at two case studies based on novel interfaces for applying tagging. These two systems emphasize tags being applied within learning content through the use of a highlighting metaphor.

The XML Key Management Specification (XKMS) is described. XKMS is a Web Service that provides an interface between an XML application and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). XKMS greatly simplifies the deployment of enterprise strength Public Key Infrastructure by transferring complex processing tasks from the client application to a Trust Service.

Background: Fungicides are widely used for keeping of consumed vegetables and fruits fresh for long period in supermarkets. The tested fungicide Bromuconazole in our study is a triazole fungicide used primarily in enclosed commercial greenhouses to control ...

Information sharing can be effective with structured data. The Semantic Web is mainly aimed at structuring information by creating widely accepted ontologies. However, users have different preferences and evolving requirements. It is not practical to attempt perfect schema definitions with strict constraints. Creating structured formats should be a collaborative and evolutionary process. Social software motivates wide participation by providing easy interface. We propose a system called StYLiD for sharing a wide variety of structured information. Users freely define their own structured concepts. The system consolidates different versions defined by different users. The attributes of the different concept versions are aligned semi-automatically into a single unified view. Popular concepts gradually emerge from the concept cloud and stabilize. Concept definitions are flexible. An attribute value can take a literal or a resource URI and the suggestive range does not constrain the cont...

The ecosystem of services on the Web continues to grow and evolve while, at the same time, the number and diversity of connected devices increases; challenges lie ahead for both providers and consumers of Web services. This paper is presented as a 'what-if' proposal; an alternate paradigm for dealing with an increasingly heterogeneous network. Drawing from diverse sources including physical architecture, industrial design, the psychology of perception, and cross-cultural mono-myth, a new implementation paradigm is proposed to help software architects and developers meet these challenges; one that invites participants to shift their mental model from that of programming network devices to programming the network to which those devices are connected. To accomplish this goal an "affordance-rich message" is proposed; one that is based on shared understanding through network-oriented affordances instead of device-oriented APIs. A working model based on this approach i...

Adaptive Hypermedia constitutes a large portion of the Web nowadays. Issues of personalization and adaptation become crucial for the efficient handling of the information on the Internet. However, current hypertext reference architectures still lack appropriate modularization and expressiveness in order to meet all the challenges of Web dynamics. In the same time, standards and technologies resulting from the field of Semantic Web and Web Engineering offer flexible solutions, applicable also to the needs of Adaptive ...

This specification defines the Mathematical Markup Language, or MathML. MathML is an XML application for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. The goal of MathML is to enable mathematics to be served, received, and processed on the World Wide Web, just as HTML has enabled this functionality for text. This specification of the markup language MathML is intended primarily for a readership consisting of those who will be developing or implementing renderers or editors using it, or software that will communicate using MathML as a protocol for input or output. It is not a User’s Guide but rather a reference document. MathML can be used to encode both mathematical notation and mathematical content. About thirtyeight of the MathML tags describe abstract notational structures, while another about one hundred and seventy provide a way of unambiguously specifying the intended meaning of an expression. Additional chapters discuss how the MathML content ...