Decade

Bollywood songs have experienced a considerable change in terms of lyrics over the past decades. Long ago, bollywood songs contained mostly Hindi words, but nowadays lyricists use lots of English words to express themselves. Till date, we are not aware of any systematic quantitative analysis of how it has changed and how the evolution took place over the years. In this paper, we analysed the evolution of bollywood songs’ lyrics over the past two decades. We study how the number of words and foreign words evolved over the past 20 years. The top 20 words used mostly while composing songs and the most occurring character are identified. Our dataset is composed of 300 bollywood lyrics. Based on the dataset, we show that the number of words and foreign words over the past two decades has been increasing. Our study reveals that the word “hai” (is) and the foreign word “baby” are the most widely used while writing the lyrics and the letter “a” has the highest frequency.

Bollywood songs have experienced a considerable change in terms of lyrics over the past decades. Long ago, bollywood songs contained mostly Hindi words, but nowadays lyricists use lots of English words to express themselves. Till date, we are not aware of any systematic quantitative analysis of how it has changed and how the evolution took place over the years. In this paper, we analysed the evolution of bollywood songs’ lyrics over the past two decades. We study how the number of words and foreign words evolved over the past 20 years. The top 20 words used mostly while composing songs and the most occurring character are identified. Our dataset is composed of 300 bollywood lyrics. Based on the dataset, we show that the number of words and foreign words over the past two decades has been increasing. Our study reveals that the word “hai” (is) and the foreign word “baby” are the most widely used while writing the lyrics and the letter “a” has the highest frequency.

Bollywood songs have experienced a considerable change in terms of lyrics over the past decades. Long ago, bollywood songs contained mostly Hindi words, but nowadays lyricists use lots of English words to express themselves. Till date, we are not aware of any systematic quantitative analysis of how it has changed and how the evolution took place over the years. In this paper, we analysed the evolution of bollywood songs’ lyrics over the past two decades. We study how the number of words and foreign words evolved over the past 20 years. The top 20 words used mostly while composing songs and the most occurring character are identified. Our dataset is composed of 300 bollywood lyrics. Based on the dataset, we show that the number of words and foreign words over the past two decades has been increasing. Our study reveals that the word “hai” (is) and the foreign word “baby” are the most widely used while writing the lyrics and the letter “a” has the highest frequency.

Indian economy recorded a high rate of growth in the past few years. It strengthened the belief of many economists that the country had finally entered the high growth path breaking the shackles of the conservative hindu rate of growth. More interestingly, it was believed that growth was supported adequately by structural and policy reforms and that the trend was here to exist on a long term basis. Liberalization, privatization and globalization were hugely applauded and viewed as the triumvirate catalyzing the process of growth of Indian economy. The belief was intact as late as in March 2008, and then all of sudden the burst came. Many economists dumped the crisis as temporary and felt ‘it would also pass’ as akin to a proverbial demon. That was not to be as the crisis deepened encompassing one sector after another. The full impact of global slowdown and recession has not been realized and a lot of pains are yet to be overtaken. Time has come, though, to re-examine the nature of e...

Abstract: In Nigeria, in-service education provides opportunity for teachers to improve themselves professionally, particularly in acquisition of additional knowledge, skills and teaching pedagogy. Many in-service programmes thus exist for teachers for this purpose. The patronage of in-service programmes by teachers however has negative implications, particularly on the provision of quality education for pupils/students in schools. In this paper, the issue of in-service education of teachers in Nigeria is examined with the rationale for it and the implications on quality education provision for pupils/students discussed. To achieve the objective of this paper, relevant information and data were gathered from existing literature with a view to buttress the issues raised therein. To ensure the effectiveness of in-service education however, recruitment of qualified teachers, provision of quality education by teacher-training institutions, regular inspection of schools, approval of in-s...

This dossier gathers ten years of publication of the Communication Sciences Department’s yearbook that belongs to the Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales from the Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina. It has a general presentation and seven parts in which are published different kinds of analysis and summaries from some of the articles published. Finally, there is a section for final comments. This dossier presents many perspectives, that tends, from different points of view, to think about a systematic publication sustained along the time.

Retinoids play important roles in diverse cellular processes including growth, cell differentiation and vision. Many natural and synthetic retinoids are used as drugs in dermatology and oncology. A large amount of data has been accumulated on the cellular activity of different synthetic retinoids. They are stabilized and transported inside the cell cytoplasm by binding and transport proteins, such as cellular retinol-binding proteins and cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABPs). The structures of human CRABP II in complex with two different synthetic retinoids, Ro13-6307 and Ro12-7310 (at 2.1 and 2.0 Å resolution, respectively) and of bovine CRABP I in complex with a retinobenzoic acid, Am80 (at 2.8 Å resolution) are described. The binding affinities of human CRABP I and II for the retinoids studied here have been determined. All these compounds have comparable binding affinities (nanomolar range) for both CRABPs. Apart from the particular interactions of the carboxylate gro...