Dimorphism

The genre is a performance of the order of belief. Today, philosophy, literature, science and anthropology question the relevance of sexual and gendered dimorphism. It is their contributions that have enabled the advancement of trans people's rights. We examine how these rights have evolved and are applicable in the European Community.

Interobserver variation in visual evaluation was analyzed for 10 cranial traits in a homogeneous archaeological series. Two observers independently scored cranial traits commonly used for determination of sex. Though determination of sex did not differ significantly for the two observers, individual traits had different levels of interobserver reliability. In addition, indices of relative “maleness” and “femaleness” derived by the two observers differed at statistically significant levels. Because such indices are used in cross-population comparisons of relative gracility and robusticity of diverse samples, these comparisons should be interpreted with caution when more than one investigator has performed an assessment. Most of our instances of interobserver discordance derived from character traits described in subjective terms without accompanying diagrams. Clarity of definition, rather than number of character traits, was found to be critical for effective determination of sex by the visual assessment method. Use of fewer, more precisely defined character traits can improve interobserver reliability. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

In prolongation of the previous studies, the Gregoryceras Spath, 1924 (Ammonitina, Peltoceratina) species from the uppermost Middle Oxfordian (Rotoides sub-zone) to the Early Late Oxfordian (Bifurcatus zone), are revised. Sections providing most of the studied specimens in this work (Spain, Algeria, Tunisia) are described and dated based on faunal comparisons between Tethyan and Subtethyan domains. It appears that the best tool for correlations is the presence of the genus Gregoryceras, the succession of its species being similar for the two considered domains. It allows us to complete the biostratigraphic scale based on the Gregoryceras species succession, and parallel to the standard zonation. During this period the revised species of Gregoryceras are G. fouquei (Kilian, 1889) and G. pervinquieri (Spath, 1913). G. fouquei is only present in the Rotoides sub-zone (uppermost Middle Oxfordian), and not in the Stenocycloides sub-zone (early Late Oxfordian), where G. pervinquieri (Spat...

... J. LOPEZ-PORTILLO, LE EGUIARTE* and C. MONTANA Instituto de Ecologia, AC, Apdo. ... can influence the fre-quency and duration of visits by nectar foragers, which may in turn affect outcrossing and reproductive success (Feinsinger 1978; Waddington 1981; Pleas-ants 1983 ...

Hyoid bone is a part of viscerocranium placed between the tongue root and thyroid cartilage to which it is connected by thyrohyoid membrane. Widely accepted morphological classification does not exist. Sexual dimorphism was analysed in this study and new guidelines for anatomical classification of hyoid bones based on anthropometric parameters were given. Total number of analysed bones was 70. The bones were classified into three groups: symmetrical U-type, symmetrical V-type and asymmetrical type according to the angle between greater horns and the proportion of greater horns length. In the females incidence of asymmetrical type is considerably higher than in the males, while the incidence of symmetrical V-type is lower The angle value that is on average higher in males may be the parameter indicating that in puberty hyoid bone, still not completely ossified, to some extent follows development of thyroid cartilage because of their close anatomical relation.

Abstract: The nanocrystal structure of a hetero-polyatomic metal-ligand complex,[PPh 4][Ni II (L 2−)(L 1−·)],(1)(L= 1, 2-dicarbomethoxyethylene dithiolate) has been arrived at from its molecular structure obtained by X-ray crystallography. The complex (1) exhibits ...

There is evidence that women's preferences for facial characteristics in men's faces change according to menstrual phase and sexual hormones. Literature indicates that the pregnancy is characterized by a specific sexual hormonal pattern with respect to all other physiological conditions concerning the sexual hormone status during the reproductive age, configuring this physiological condition as an excellent surrogate to study how the sexual hormones may affect many of the aspects concerning the sexual behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate pregnancy as a model of hormonal influence on women's facial preferences in short-term and long-term relationships and compare the choices of pregnant women with those of nonpregnant women. Measurement of women's preferences for synthetic men's faces, morphed from hyper-masculine to hypomasculine shape. Forty-six women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and 70 nonpregnant women took part in the study. All women we...

Clinical paracoccidioidomycosis is 13 times more common in men than in women. Estrogen inhibits the transition of mycelia or conidia (the saprophytic form of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis) to yeasts (the parasitic form) in vitro. Here, we show that, in male mice that were infected intranasally (mimicking natural infection) the transition of conidia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids to intermediate forms and yeasts occurred over 24 to 96 h; CFU and yeasts (shown by histopathology) increased subsequently. In females, transition did not occur and infection cleared. These events in vivo are consistent with epidemiological and in vitro observations, suggesting that female hormones block transition and are responsible for resistance.

The breeding system of Vitis riparia Michx. hitherto has not been investigated. Field observations indicated that two morphs exist, one that produces fruit, and another that does not. Through experimental cross- and self-pollinations it was found that V. riparia is functionally dioecious in southern Ontario. Further, it was found that male plants produce functional spherical tricolporate pollen, whereas female plants produce inaperturate pollen of the same diameter, 23 μm, that cannot bring about fertilization. The sex ratios found at seven locations were skewed slightly, but significantly, in favour of male plants (average 0.567). Pollination is brought about by wind, probably supplemented to a greater or lesser extent by insects which feed on the cytoplasm-filled pollen of both sexes.