Donald John Trump

In this book, Timothy Snyder (Professor of History at Yale University) shows how the rhetoric of US President Donald J. Trump channels the propaganda of the infamous dictators of the twentieth century.  Snyder is an expert on twentieth-century totalitarianism and has written several scholarly books about that subject.

Introducción: el pasado no es el presente Marx por alguna parte observa que Hegel por alguna parte observa que todos los grandes personajes y hechos de la historia se repiten, por así decirlo, dos veces. Nietzsche por alguna parte observa que Zarathustra por alguna parte observa que vivimos bajo una especie de hechizo cósmico, aunque sea como una ficción o hipótesis, en la cual los instantes retornan una y otra vez, por lo que la historia no podría ser entonces lineal sino únicamente circular. Sin embargo, si se presta atención a cómo cada uno de estos pensadores replican las ideas de otros pensadores, notaremos que no duplican simplemente lo previo. Marx recupera a Hegel pero para agregar algo más: si bien le concede como una verdad que los hechos en la historia se repiten, señala también que una primera irrupción histórica ocurre como una tragedia mientras que en la segunda ya serían una farsa de la anterior, en consecuencia, por más que " la tradición de todas las generaciones muertas gravita como una pesadilla sobre el cerebro de los vivos " las transformaciones sociales no " sacan su poesía del pasado, sino sólo del futuro " (Marx, 2003, pp. 33, 37). En el caso de Nietzsche, cuando éste se disfraza de Zarathustra destaca igualmente otro hecho fundamental: si bien los instantes están condenados a volver siempre como instantes, planteando así un " eterno retorno de lo mismo " (ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen), se produce paradójicamente también un giro: " lo mismo " sólo puede retornar como " lo diferente " ,

Yemen is located in a strategic location at the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula at the mouth of the Red Sea across from East Africa. The country is divided into divided into four main regions: the coast plain in the west, the western highlands, the eastern highlands, and the Rub al Khali Desert in the east. Tihamah is a fat, arid coastal plain along the Red Sea coastline. The people of Tihama on the coast and those in Aden, Hadhramaut and Mahra in the east wear a loose-fitting garment known as a futa similar to that in East Africa. They are Shafa’i Sunnis. The people of the northern highlands are Zaydi Shi’ites. They descend from followers in northern Iran of Zayd ibn ‘Ali, the younger son of the fourth Shi’ite imam Ali Zain Abidin. While they are Shi’a, in doctrine they are also similar to Sunnism.

There is archaeological evidence that there was a Jewish community in Yemen since 110 B.C. According to legend some Yemeni tribes converted to Judaism after the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon. The Christian missionary, Theophilos, found Jews in Yemen in the mid-fourth century A.D. The town of Zafar had a large Jewish community as well as Christians who built a church there in 354 A.D. There are also social divisions in the form of tribalism. The biggest tribes in the northern region are the Hashid and Bakil The Sa’da governorate is home to two less-powerful tribal confederations: Khawlan bin ‘Amr and Bakil, with the latter being larger and more politically prominent.

Yemen was the home of two ancient empires; the Sabaean and the Himyarites. The Sabaean Kingdom (1200 to 880 BC) was a confederation of four South Arabian tribes: the Saba, Hadramout, Qataban and Ma’in. The Sabaeans engaged in the spice trade with eastern Africa as far north as Ethiopia. The Himyarite Kingdom (11O BC to 525 AD) conquered Saba’ (Sheba) in circa 25 BC, Qataban circa 200 AD and Hadramaut circa 300 AD.

Around 630 A.D. the Muslim prophet Muhammed sent his son Ali to Sana’a to convert the Yemenis to Islam. This was followed by three major Muslim dynasties: Sulayhid Dynasty (1047–1138), Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1260), and the Rashidun Caliphate (1229–1454). Yemen then came under the control of two foreign empires, first the Ottoman Turks and then the British. The Ottoman Empire conquered Egypt in 1517. Hadeim Sueliman Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, ordered a fleet of ships to conquer Yemen. They attacked Aden and took control of Zabidr. The Shafa’i Sunnis welcomed the Ottomans as fellow Sunnis. The Ottomans then effectively consolidated Yemen under Ottoman rule. In 1565 Yemen was split into two provinces: the northwestern half including the fortified towns of Sana’a and Saada and Tihama with its Red Sea ports along with the central southern highlands.

In 1618 the Ottomans gave permission to both the British and Dutch East India companies to establish “factories” (trading post) in Mocha.  In January 1839 Haines bombarded the port of Aden, and the sultan transferred Aden to Britain. In 1904 and again in 1911 the northern tribes rebelled against the Ottoman Turks. Tthe Ottomans continued to rule the Shafi’i regions in the central south until their defeat in World War I in 1918.  In 1937 Aden’s hinterland was divided into the Eastern Aden Protectorate (EAP) and the Western Aden Protectorate (WAP).

The establishment of Israel as the Jewish state in 1948 had a negative effect on the Jews in Yemen. Between June 1949 and September 1950 the majority of Yemenite Jews were transported to Israel under what was called Operation Magic Carpet. In February 1948 the elderly Yahya was assassinated, and his son Crown Prince Ahmad fled to the Zaydi territory northwest of Sana’a. . He welcomed aid from the Soviet Union and Communist China, but also from the United States. In 1961 Ahmad was shot and died the following year. He was succeeded by the Crown Prince Iman Badr, who was an advocate of Nasser’s Arab Nationalism. Imam Badr escaped the assault on his palace in September 1962 and sought refuge across the border in Saudi Arabia.But in September 1962 Imam Badr was overthrown in a military coup by the led by Colonel Abdullah al-Sallal, and Al-Sallal became the president of the new Yemen Arab Republic (YAR).

In January 1963 Aden’s Legislative Council agreed to the establishment of the Federation of South Arabia, which joined together Aden and the Protectorate of South Yemen. In November 1967 the Aden and the former Protectorate of South Yemen were combined to form the state of South Yemen, later officially named the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen. It was a socialist government supported by the Communist Eastern Bloc. In 1972 a war broke out between the Yemen Arab Republic and the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen, and intermittent conflicts continued until May 1990, when the two were combined into the Unified Republic of Yemen.

A civil war between the north and south in Yemen broke out in 1994 in which Saudi Arabia supported the southern secessionists, resulting in the exile of the Yemeni Socialists Party leaders in the South. Meanwhile al-Qaeda gained a foothold in the south, resulting in the October 2000 suicide attack on the USS Cole in Aden’s harbor. After the attack on the World Trade Center in September 2001, Yemen officially declared it was supportive of the War on Terrorism. But in June 2004 an insurgency in the north broke out under the leader of Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, the leader of the Zaydi sect. In this proxy war, Iran provided support to the so-called Houthis and Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates with United States aid and logistic support have intervened militarily in the government of Yemen. At the same time al-Qaeda has taken advantage of the conflict to expand its base in southern Yemen.

Thus, the history of Yemen is a complicated mixture of regional, religious, and tribal conflicts and conquests by East African, Middle Eastern, and European empires. It has also experienced ideological trends from socialism, Arab nationalism, the War on Terror, and now a proxy war between Sunni Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, on one side, and Shi’ite Iran, on the other. The United States has taken the side of Saudi Arabia and the UAE in which the Trump administration sees as part of an effort to check the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran for dominance in the Middle East. And yet, in Trump’s contradictory Middle East policy, he threatens to withdraw American troops from Syria, thus giving Iran and Russia to free reign in support of the Alewite Shi’a Bashir al-Assad regime of Bashir al Assad. The result has become a humanitarian crisis of unprecedented scale. At the same time the U.S. continues to attack al-Qaeda’s base in southern Yemen, which is a separate issue altogether. It should be remembered that it was Sunni al-Qaeda that attacked the United State on September 11, 2001, not Shi’ite Iran, and not the Taliban in Afghanistan. Should the United States be taking sides in the long history of Sunni versus Shi’a conflict despite what Israel’s prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu or the Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman say? We have done it once before in Iraq on the minority Sunni side against Iran and then on the Shi’a side against Saddam Hussein. Once again, the so-called War on Terrorism has masked the underlying ethnic conflicts that define the World in the twenty-first century.

On December 6, 2017, U.S. President Donald J. Trump announced that he was officially recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and beginning the process of moving the United States Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.. Unlike previous administrations that endorsed a two-state solution, Trump stated the United States would support a two-state solution only “if agreed to by both sides.” He said this knowing that the Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu no longer wants a sovereign Palestinian state, but a continuation of the status quo.

    In July 2017 on a four-day trip to Africa, Netanyahu met with a group of evangelical Christians in Nairobi, Kenya, in which he said that Israel has “no better friends than Christians who support and love Israel.” At the end of the meeting the Christian leaders presented Netanyahu with a lion as a gift. Netanyahu’s considered it “the lion of Judah” (a reference to the Biblical symbol of the lion with the Jewish tribe of Judah). The foremost Christian Zionist in the United States was the late Southern Baptist preacher Jerry Falwell. In 1979 he  was one of the co-founders the so-called Moral Majority political action committee together with “pro-life” Catholics in opposition to the 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court ruling legalizing abortion.  Falwell also served on the board of the pro-Zionist American Alliance of Jews and Christians.

    In  2006 Falwell said on his Web site, "It is apparent, in light of the rebirth of the state of Israel, that the present day events in the holy land may very well serve as a prelude or forerunner to the future battle of Armageddon and the glorious return of Jesus Christ." He was referring to the New Testament Book Revelation (or Apocalypse meaning “Disclosure” in Greek) attributed to John of Patmos (an island in the Aegean Sea) addressing the Seven churches in Asia Minor (Turkey, today).

    Judaism also has a Messianic tradition. The Messiah will be a future Jewish king  who will be a descendant of King David, the first king of Israel, and who will rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age. He will gather the Jews back to the Land of Israel, usher in a period of peace, and build the Third Temple. The Jewish Talmud expands upon the coming of the Messiah. The Son of David will come only in a generation that it either completely righteous or completely evil. The Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides discussed the Messiah in the Mishna Torah (his 14 volume compendium of Jewish law).  Orthodox Jews today accept the 13 Principles of Faith formulated by Maimonides. The twelfth principle is the belief in the Messiah, life after death, and the restoration of the promised land.

    In March 2016 Donald Trump gave a speech in front of the pro-Zionist American Public Affairs Committee, in which he stated, “We will move the American embassy to the eternal capital of the Jewish people, Jerusalem.” After this speech the Jewish-American casino-billionaire Sheldon Adelson and his wife Miriam donated $20 million to a political action committee supporting Trump’s campaign, and another $1.5 million to the committee that organized the Republican convention. Adelson also began to acquire newspaper in Israel and the United States. He sought to buy the Israeli newspaper Ma’ariv in 2007. When this bid was unsuccessful, a relative of his founded a free daily newspaper named Israel Hayom (Israel Today). A court in Jerusalem then approved his purchase of Ma’ariv as well as the conservative newspaper Makor Rishon. Unlike the American pro-Israel lobby group American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) which favors a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian dispute, Adelson like Israel’s extreme right-wing prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu prefers the status quo.
   
    Donald Trump named David M. Friedman, a bankruptcy lawyer and Orthodox Jews, to be his nominee as ambassador to Israel. Friedman had been an adviser to the Trump campaign, who questioned whether there should be a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Friedman also is a supporter of the settlement movement on the West Bank of the Jordan River. He has compared the American Jews in the liberal, pro-Israel but anti-settlement movement lobby group named J Street to kapos, the Jews who cooperated with the Nazis in the Holocaust death camps.

    Trump named his son-in-law Jared Kushner, the husband of his daughter Ivanka from his second marriage, to the post as senior adviser. One of his responsibilities was to negotiate a peace settlement between the Israelis and the Palestinians. Kushner was born in Livingston, New Jersey, in 1981. His father Charles Kushner was a real estate developer, whose parents were Holocaust survivors from Belarus, who came to the United States in 1949. Jared was raised as an Orthodox Jew, attending a yeshiva high school named the Frisch School.  Jared married Ivanka Trump in a Jewish ceremony. Ivanka had converted to Judaism, and the couple are what are known as Modern Orthodox Jews, who keep and kosher home and observer the Jewish Sabbath but who also embrace the secular, modern world. Most Modern Orthodox Jews are in favor the settlement movement and a single state solution with Israeli control of the West Bank.

    Kushner’s father was a major donor to Israeli causes, and he was a personal friend of Benjamin Netanyahu before Netanyahu became prime minister of Israel. Netanyahu even stayed at Kushner’s house in Livingston, New Jersey, and knew Jared as a boy. While Netanyahu is not particularly religious, the coalition that elected him prime minister in 2015 included his secular, conservative Likut Party, United Torah Judaism (a coalition that wants to maintain the status quo in Jewish Orthodoxy is the official religion of the country), Shas (the party of conservative Sephardic Jews many of whom are Modern Orthodox), Kulanu (a party founded by former Likut Party member of the Knesset, Moshe Kahlon), and the Jewish Home (a party made up primarily of Modern Orthodox Jews).

    On May 14, 2018, the United States held a celebration at the opening of its new embassy in Jerusalem. The date was chosen because it was the seventieth anniversary of the establishment of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948.  Among the speakers were  Ivanka,  Jared Kushner,  David Friedman,  and two fundamentalist Christian pastors, Robert Jeffress of the First Baptist Church in Dallas, Texas and Robert Hagee, the founder of Christians United for Israel.  Among the VIPs sitting in the front row at the opening ceremonies was the casino magnate and Trump-supporter Sheldon Adelson.

    The two pastors were odd choices. In a sermon Hagee delivered in the 1990s he suggested that Adolf Hitler was fulfilling God’s will be aiding the return of Jews to Israel according the Bible: "God says in Jeremiah 16: 'Behold, I will bring them the Jewish people again unto their land that I gave to their fathers. ... Behold, I will send for many fishers, and after will I send for many hunters . . . 'And they the hunters shall hunt them.' That would be the Jews. . . . Then God sent a hunter. A hunter is someone who comes with a gun and he forces you. Hitler was a hunter." Jeffress once said “you can’t be saved by being a Jew.” He also said that “Mormonism is a heresy from the pit of hell.” In a 2011 sermon he said that Catholicism was a “cult-like pagan religion” that “infected the early Church” and “corrupted” it demonstrating the “genius of Satan.

    Meanwhile, 60 miles to the west, Palestinians in the Gaza Strip stormed the fence separating the Gaza Strip from Israel in which more than sixty Palestinians were killed and 2,700 were injured. The President of the Palestinian National Authority Mahmoud Abbas said that now the Palestinians would no longer accept any peace deal proposed by the Trump administration.

    The most important thing to remember is that one of the reasons stated by the Sunni militant Osama bin Laden for attacking the World Trade Center in 2001 was the unconditional support of the United States for Israel, especially in regard to Israel’s occupation of the West Bank .. And one must not forget that the architect of the modern concept of the War on Terrorism (that is, a worldwide war against radical Islamist extremists) was Benjamin Netanyahu, whose own parents endorsed terrorist tactics against the British during the Palestine Mandate.

    Trump’s actions both in regard to imposing anti-Muslim immigration restrictions and embracing Netanyahu’s vision of a one-state solution under Israeli control will only incite more homegrown terrorists attacks in the United States. When Abraham Lincoln pleaded that we listen to “the better angels of our nature,” he was making a reference to the Apocalypse in which the angels of Satan battle the angels of God and the Messiah. This should give us pause when we contemplate the future of the American Empire.

Am Vorabend zur Präsidentschaftswahl jährte sich zum 100. Mal die Wahl der ersten Frau ins amerikanische Repräsentantenhaus. Jeannette Rankin, eine Frauenrechtlerin aus Montana, meinte, sie sei zwar die erste, werde aber beileibe nicht die letzte Frau sein, die in den Kongress ziehen werde. Viele hätten dieses Jubiläum gerne damit gefeiert, auf die erste Madam President anzustossen und ihren Töchtern zu sagen, sie bräuchten nicht mehr mit President Barbie zu spielen – jetzt wäre die höchste gläserne Decke tatsächlich zersplittert.

Among the numerous Facebook group pages to which I subscribe, some focus exclusively on issues of concern to members of Jewish communities throughout the world. A few of the Facebook pages serve as forums for specifically children and grandchildren of Holocaust survivors. On these pages, very contentious debates (more like arguments with some people lodging insults) are centering on reactions to U.S. President Donald Trump's policies and rhetoric as they apply specifically to his administration's immigration dictums. This article makes the case that the time has long-since past that we can compare the fascist direction the world took during the 1920s and 1930s before the Holocaust with the direction the United States and many other countries are taking today. Dr. Blumenfeld asks whether we learned anything from history?

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Citizen Journalist account of Washington DC at January 18, 2021 about mass National Guard and US Army Presence.

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