Drilling Engineering

In the oil province of southern Iran like other hydrocarbon zones, thorough understanding and risk management resulting from the rock mass deformation, can be of great help in executing operational processes such as the stabilization of the borehole wall, controlling the sand production in the borehole and hydraulic fracture. In oil well excavation operations, determining maximum and minimum horizontal stresses helps in designing the excavation route in the minimum stress direction so that collapsing of the borehole wall and drilling tube blockage against the rocks is avoided. The aim of this study was removing the main excavation problems especially of the diversion wells through exact geomechanical calculations in the Darian lime formation depth range in the understudy field. In order to develop the geomechanical model, first the bulk, the shear and the Young's modules, the Poisson coefficient and Vp/Vs ratio were calculated using the visual log data integrated with the geomec...

In the oil province of southern Iran like other hydrocarbon zones, thorough understanding and risk management resulting from the rock mass deformation, can be of great help in executing operational processes such as the stabilization of the borehole wall, controlling the sand production in the borehole and hydraulic fracture. In oil well excavation operations, determining maximum and minimum horizontal stresses helps in designing the excavation route in the minimum stress direction so that collapsing of the borehole wall and drilling tube blockage against the rocks is avoided. The aim of this study was removing the main excavation problems especially of the diversion wells through exact geomechanical calculations in the Darian lime formation depth range in the understudy field. In order to develop the geomechanical model, first the bulk, the shear and the Young's modules, the Poisson coefficient and Vp/Vs ratio were calculated using the visual log data integrated with the geomec...

There have been numerous publications on unreinforced masonry construction in the literature; however, there is a lack of publications on the condition assessment of existing unreinforced masonry façades for disturbances due to nearby subway construction. To fill this gap, this paper presents a study in which a 5-story historical building with unreinforced masonry façade experiences inward and outward deformations perpendicular to the plane of wall due to nearby subway construction. The performance of the unreinforced masonry façade is examined under wind load combinations. For this, a finite-element (FE) model is built in ANSYS software to conduct a stress analysis of the brick façade. The results revealed that the tensile stresses exceeded the tensile stress limit at several locations; therefore, a structural remediation is required. A structural retrofit is proposed to tie the façade wall to the floor diaphragms with steel anchor rods at specific stories. Another FE model is built to represent the remedies proposed for stabilizing the façade wall. The results show that all stresses are within the limits, indicating that the structural solution for the remediation is appropriate. As a result of this study, the proposed remediation was implemented at the building, and the structure has been in good structural condition without any complaints, even after the subway construction was completed and the subway line was in operation.

Origin of Permeability in Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate reservoirs, which are typically dual or triple porosity systems, produce a major portion of the world’s oil and gas and hold more than half of the world’s largest crude oil and natural gas reserves. The best known Jurassic carbonate reservoirs are the Arab-D and Arab-C systems, Hanifa and Hadriya. These reservoirs account for large quantities of crude oil production in Saudi Arabia. The Permo-Triassic Khuff formation holds the world’s largest known natural gas reserves in five Arabian Gulf countries. Some of the world’s best quality crude oil is located in two Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs: the Shuaiba and Tharmama reservoirs. Many of these carbonate reservoirs are naturally fractured and/or have an extensive and extremely complex secondary porosity system. Accurately predicting amounts and types of porosity, locally for field development and regionally for stratigraphic traps, is a major challenge. Three methods are used to estimate fracture porosity: well-test analysis, well logging, and core analysis.

A natural fracture is a planar discontinuity in reservoir rock due to deformation or physical diagenesis. Diagenesis—chemical and physical changes after deposition—strongly modifies the reservoir properties possessed at the time of deposition. The dominant diagenetic process consists of early cementation, selective dissolution of aragonite and reprecipitation as calcite, burial cementation, dolomitization, and compaction-driven microfracturing [2]. Cementation and compaction forces completely eradicate any porosity available at the time of deposition. However, chemical changes, usually dissolution, especially in carbonate rocks, modify the initial porosity and recover it partially. Depositional facies, their architecture, systems, and tracts are predominant driving factors in the distribution and quality of current reservoir properties, which are completely different from the properties at the time of deposition.

High-permeability vugs, molds, natural fractures, and caverns in carbonate rocks are the result of intense dissolution, which took place before burial as a result of nonreservoir or seal units. Dissolution is also caused by meteoric diagenesis, which is related to subaerial exposure of carbonate rocks and is explained by the general aggressiveness of meteoric water toward sedimentary carbonate minerals. Aragonite is metastable, which dissolves and precipitates into cement, whereas calcite is stable and less affected by dissolution. Such a type of dissolution causes significant variation in the distribution of porosity and permeability in the reservoirs, thereby defining reservoir quality.

This report contains a short summary and analysis of the production drill holes deviations from design in the Chelopech Mine. The report presents the results from on-field measurements of drill hole deviations along their depth. It also lays out how this deviation from the design affects the production process and the complete and thorough extraction of ore deposits. The various types of factors which cause this deviation have been revised as well as the possible actions which could be taken to reduce the negative influence.

This work describes the functionalities of the drilling simulator to optimize well drilling utilizing offset data offering also training modules for novice and experienced drillers. It fully simulates the drilling process using WOB, RPM, flow, survey and lithology data and predicts ROP. It is based on Payzone simulator, introduced some years ago. The improved simulator has been tested to compare performance with drilling data from sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. The simulator has also built in functionalities like prediction of rock strength, finding optimal rheological model from viscometer data, and optimizing bit nozzle selection.
The simulator determines optimum conditions for drilling new wells utilizing offset data. It allows for fine tuning of the process. Validation is by matching predicted versus actual drilling curve. Once accomplished, a new well can be drilled, in similar environmental conditions, but with optimized drilling parameters. Training is accomplished with simple and challenging exercises, teaching students the drilling process, and allowing different drilling scenarios. It can be used for research to identify the importance of drilling parameters for drilling efficiency.
We have tested performance and predictions using literature field data and compared performance in primarily sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Overall, the simulator is capable of simulating any formation type. Our results also show that the improved functionalities, stand-alone calculators for rock strength, rheological parameter determination and optimization of bit nozzle performance have significantly enhanced the simulator capabilities.
The results show that the simulator is very good tool for designing new wells using offset data. It provides good interactive training tool for students and engineers allowing experimentation of parameters affecting drilling process. We compared the simulator performance with respect to formation, sandstone versus carbonate reservoir and report similarities and differences.

During the drilling process, we need to look at several aspects that need to be considered, including the drilling mud aspect which is one of the important aspects in a safe and efficient drilling process.The success of a drilling process through various rock layers is very dependent on the design of the drilling mud formulation. All of that can be influenced by the nature and physics of the drilling mud which needs to be adjusted to the formation conditions, formation pressure, rock type and fluid content contained in the formation. In designing the mud formulation that will be used, it can be done by using the mud system correlation method or by analyzing the pressure wells that become offset wells or key wells which are analyzed to determine the properties of the mud to be used. Well GG – 01 is an exploration well so it does not have an offset well. The drilling that will be penetrated is as many as 4 routes which in the first route the hole is made using a mash system so that it...

ZADCO owns more than 500 wells operating in UZ, UA & ST fields to contribute in achieving the production targets as set by the Shareholders. To ensure that wells operate as designed for their assigned life (or greater) with all risks kept as low as reasonably ...

Resume of my work:
The Rio Del Rey delta which represents the part of Cameroon’s margin situated at the North partof the Cameroon volcanic line, is the meeting point between three panafrican faults of the Benoue. . The South west part, wich is our study area, is still poorly known geologically and very little evaluated in terms of hydrocarbons at the internationals Scientific’s level. The main purpose here was to do an evaluation of petroleum potential of its SW side; with a 3D modeling under the software petrel.The seismic data were interpreted according to the method of seismic stratigraphy, which helped to highlight the growth fault, folds, discontinuities and different seismic facies. A quick-look of the well log data analysis allowed us to determine a lithological column consisting essentially of clays, silts and sands, highlight five reservoirs (S09, S1, S3, S4.1, S5f) of oils and gas. Hydrocarbon reserves were evaluated at 269.106sm3for oil, or around 1 billion 823 million barrels of oil for the reservoir S5F in our studied zone.

The development of unconventional shales started a new era in the oil and gas industry. These reservoirs represent a challenge to conventional drilling fluids since the fluid invasion, cutting dispersion, or shale swelling can lead to wellbore instability problems. Although oil-based drilling fluids (OBM) are capable to control these issues, environmental and economic concerns limit its application. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have introduced a new perspective in drilling fluid technology, offering a unique alternative to improve the performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBM) for shale applications. This research evaluates the potential of using silica nanoparticles (SiO 2-NPs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to formulate a nanoparticle water-based drilling fluid (NP-WBM). The study considers a bottom-up approach, selecting the NPs based on the Woodford Shale's characterization and focuses its primary objective in finding the most suitable NP combination to enhance the rheological, filtration and inhibition properties of the customized NP-WBM. The shale characterization included X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The zeta-potential technique was used to assess the stability of the NPs. The NP-WBM was evaluated by means of API filtration test (LTLP), high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) filtration test and rheological measurements using a conventional viscometer. Finally, the inhibition capability of the NP-WBM was tested against the Woodford shale through immersion and cutting dispersion tests. NPs' characterization revealed that both additives can provide stable suspensions with zeta-potential values < −30 mV. A total NP concentration of 0.75 wt% (0.5 wt% of SiO 2-NPs and 0.25 wt% of GNPs) yielded to the maximum reduction in filtrate volume at both, LTLP and HTHP conditions. The less permeable filter cake resulted in no spurt-losses, supporting the NPs' plugging effect. A strong cross-linked network created between the NPs and the conventional additives increased the cutting carrying capacity of the NP-WBM with slight effects on its plastic viscosity (PV). The immersion test carried out in water revealed that illitic shales might experience micro-fractures along the bedding planes in the absence of bridging materials. Contrarily, the NP-WBM provided an adequate plugging network between grain boundaries, resulting in no micro-fractures, and the reduction of the cutting erosion by 35.61%. Overall, this study highlights the capability of nanomaterials to extend the reliability of WBM to harsher environments while seeking an eco-friendlier alternative.

The use of conventional survey interpolation methods, where a survey is typically taken at each stand of pipe, to determine well trajectories can conceal problems due to tortuosity that can potentially lead to missed targets and subsequent sidetracks. Today, high-speed data transmission measurement-while-drilling (MWD) systems make it possible to take surveys during drilling in a near-continuous fashion. Modern MWD tools can measure the well bore inclination and azimuth every meter (or less) while drilling. The continuous data contains rich information concerning the true nature of the well bore tortuosity and can be used to yield an accurate representation of the directional tendency of the BHA in both rotary and slide drilling modes.
A case study of a well situated in Adriatic Sea, Croatian side, is presented with the objective to highlight the differences between surveys recorded using conventional interpolation methods and the one using continuous inclination. The MWD results are compared with the Gyro survey.

Su, Su Sondajı, Su Sondajı Nasıl Yapılır? Su Sondajı Yapımında Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler, Su Sondajında Çıkarılan Suların İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri, Suyun ve Su Kaynaklarının İslam Dinindeki Yeri ve Önemi, Su Sondajı ve Sondajın Tarihçesi ve Gelişimi, Su Sondajına Başlamadan Önce Yapılması Gereken Resmi İşlemler, Su Sondajı Neden Yapılır Veya Yaptırılır? Kaliteli Su Sondajı İçin Gerekli Şartlar Nelerdir? Su Sondajı-Yeraltı Suları-Kuyu Yeri Seçimi ve Kuyu Tasarımı İlişkisi Nasıl Olmalıdır? Su Sondajı Yöntemleri Nelerdir? Su Kuyusu Açma Yöntemleri Nelerdir? Su Sondajının Yapım Aşamaları, Sondaj Açarken Suyun Çıktığını Nasıl Anlarız? Sondaj Suyunun Debisinin Ölçümü, Sondaj Çalışmaları Sırasında Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Çözümleri, Sondaj Takım Dizisinin Sıkışması, Sondaj Takım Dizisinin Kopması, Sondaj Takım Dizisinin Çözülmesi, Sondajda Boru Kopmaları, Sondaj Çalışmalarında Kurtarma İşlemlerinin Yapılmasının Nedenleri, Sondaj Çalışmalarındaki Doğal Güçlükler Ve Kurtarma Çalışmaları, Sondaj Çalışmalarında Meydana Gelebilecek Kazalar Ve Alınabilecek Önlemler, Sondaj Çalışmalarında Kullanılan Kurtarma Aletleri, Sondaj Bittikten Sonra Teslim/Teslim Alma ve Metrajın Tespiti, Su Sondajının Maliyeti Ne Kadardır? Nasıl Hesaplanır? Sondaj Kuyusundaki Suyun Azalmasının Nedenleri, Sondaj Bakımı ve Geliştirme, Sondaj Kuyularının İşletmeye Hazır Hale Getirilmesi, Su Sondajı Raporu Örneği, Konya, Jeoloji, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Jeoloji Yüksek Mühendisi, Türkay Ercan Şengöz. (Türkay Ercan Şengöz tarafından yayımlanan her çeşit harita, bilgi ve belgelerin her hakkı saklıdır. Her ne şekilde ve amaçla olursa olsun bu bilgi ve belgelerin kaynak belirtilmeden kullanılması, yazılı izin alınmadan elektronik, optik, mekanik veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması, çoğaltılması, basılması, değiştirilmesi, paylaşılması, kopyalanması ve internet sitelerinde kullanılması durumunda gerekli hukuki yollara başvurulacak ve yasal işlem başlatılacaktır. Önemle duyurulur. Bu platformda veya diğer platformlarda paylaşmış olduğum tez veya akademik kapsamdaki çalışmalarımın içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, akademik çalışmalarımın tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlandığını hatırlatıyor, bana ait olan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapılması gerektiğini bildiriyor, sevgi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum.)

This project investigates characteristics of vibration of a drillstring under the action of weight on bit and drillstring rotation. The dominant cause of drillstring and bottom hole assembly's failures, shocks and severe damages to borehole wall is recognized to be the lateral vibration. Thus, lateral vibration is chosen to be the only factor of interest and focused in this project. Lateral vibration manifests itself from the increased speed of rotary drilling. This study presents a finite element model using ANSYS software to investigate the lateral vibration of drillstring in a vertical well. The analysis proceeds in two stages. Firstly, modal analysis is performed to determine the natural frequencies of the drillstring and the second stage is to carry out harmonic analysis to obtain the frequency response at a varying length of drill pipe. Simulation is first carried out by simulating benchmark problem before proceeding to deal with the actual case studies by carrying out parametric study (drillstring length, weight on bit, rotational speed) and the results obtained are satisfying.

Salt formations are encountered in many oil-producing regions of the world. These salt zones can be in a variety of forms; salt domes, massive beds and sheets or lenses. The chemistry of salts can very significantly even in a single bed, from pure sodium chloride to very complex blends of mixed chloride

La potencia generada por los motores primarios debe transmitirse a los equipos para proporcionarle movimiento. Esta potencia se transmite directamente del motor primario al equipo. La fuente más común de potencia es el motor de combustión interna. Estos motores normalmente se alimentan de diésel y pueden proveer un Torque mayor que los alimentados por gasolina. El número de motores requeridos depende del tamaño y capacidad del equipo de perforación. Los equipos modernos pueden tener ocho o más motores. La potencia generada por estos motores es transferida a los diferentes sistemas del equipo a través de una transmisión mecánica o eléctrica. SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA AC A DC O SCR (SILICIUM CONTROLLER RECTIFIER). En un sistema eléctrico AC a DC el motor diesel alimenta un generador AC también llamado alternador. Desde el generador AC la corriente eléctrica es enviada al SCR

У першій частині навчального посібника наведені дані про техніку та
технологію випробування водозабірних свердловин для оцінки їх с тану перед
проведенням ремонтних робіт. Розглянуто методи механічного, гідравлічного
очищення фільтрів; імпульсного, реагентного, віброреагентного та імпульсно-
реагентного відновлення дебіту свердловин.
В другій частини посібника наведені дані про обладнання та інструмент
експлуатаційних свердловин на нафту і газ які використовуються при
поточному і капітальному ремонтах. Викладені технологія проведення
ремонтних робіт і робіт по підвищенню нафтовіддачі пластів.
Третя частина присвячена особливостям ремонту геотехнологічних
свердловин та обладнанню яке при цьому використовується.
В четвертій частині наведені приклади рішення задач по розрахунку
основних технологічних параметрів ремонтних робіт.
Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів вищих навчальних
закладів напряму підготовки “Гірництво” спеціальності “Буріння”, може
представляти інтерес для спеціалістів геологорозвідувальних і
нафтовидобувних організацій.

This Paper shows how to determine the daily cost of running diesel engine to power a duplex pump in a simple and understandable way, and how to determine the cost of additional Barite required  to drill the encountered high-pressure zone using the recorded shut-in drill pipe pressure (SIDPP).

Site investigation is essential prior to all construction activities of engineering structures for determining the suitability of the site for the construction of the proposed structure. The results from the site investigation gives us the information about the soil profile and the ground water table condition at the site. Various in-situ tests are carried out like Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Electrical Resistivity Technique (ERT), Vane Shear Test (VST), Plate Load Test (PLT), Pile Load Test, Flat Plate Dilatometer Test, Packer Test, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and many others during the site exploration. The data and results obtained from these tests are essential in identifying the soil type, analyzing and the strength and deformation properties and parameters of soil as well as the ground water condition of the site. This paper intends to summarize the processes and various corrections that are involved in Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and its importance and implication in geotechnical analysis and site exploration. The tools and equipment in this test involved are cable percussion drilling rig, soil sampler (especially split spoon sampler), spirit level, boring machine and a hammer with few other miscellaneous. The soil sampler is pushed or penetrated into the ground by hammer of 63.5kg making it fall freely from a standard height of 750mm. The collected disturbed and undisturbed soil samples, hammer blows and energy are analyzed and interpreted to determine or more specifically to estimate the shear strength of soil, relative density and bearing strength of the soil at different depths. This test also helps in determining the aspects of soil which later can be improved by soil stabilizing or by any one or combination of various ground improvement techniques. In accordance of these interpretations, analysis and estimates, suitable foundation design and further construction work for the proposed structure are recommended.

For geothermal power projects about 40-50% of the total investment cost lies in drilling of the production and reinjection wells and the steam supply system to the plant. Current geothermal project costs for conventional flash-steam plants are about 4,000 USD per kilowatt (kW) of power. Roughly half of the well cost comes from materials and infrastructure and the other half is from the rental of rigs and services (day rates). Drilling of each hole to 2,000-2,500 m may take anywhere from 32 to 60 days. The cost of wells does thus critically depend on the effectiveness of drilling, that is to say the number of working days. The paper describes an analysis of the drilling performance of 77 high-temperature geothermal production and reinjection wells in the Hengill geothermal area in Iceland drilled from 2001 to 2011, and assesses the statistical level of risk. The study compares workdays in drilling holes of two different casing programmes, and two trajectories of vertical or directional drilling. The production casing was either of a regular diameter of 244.5 mm (9⅝") or a large diameter of 339.7 mm (13⅜"). The workdays were normalized to a reference well of four sections, Section 0 of initial drilling to 90 m, Section 1 to 300 m, Section 2 to 800 m, and Section 3 to 2,235 m depth (Figure 3). The workdays used to drill each of the sections of the hole were broken down and analysed for seven different activities. The average and standard deviation for each of the four well sections was calculated and the findings used for the model calculations. For large diameter holes an average of 45 days was required, but 47 days for holes of the regular programme. No difference was found for vertical or directional trajectories. The Monte Carlo method was applied to obtain a statistical estimate of the number of workdays and the cost of a reference hole to 2,235 m with large casings and directionally drilled. The cost estimate is based on assumed prices for services and material, but not on the actual cost which was not made available for the study for commercial reasons. The actual drilling contract for Hellisheiði was based on meter rates (not day rates) and sharing of the risk when problems are encountered. The cost figures presented in this study reflect what the cost may be, but not the contract. The estimated cost was found to be $4,318,000 with a standard deviation s of $451,000. The cost lies with 95% confidence between $3,517,000 and $5,262,000. About 31% of the holes encountered drilling problems which led to higher drilling costs. The additional cost due to drilling problems was estimated on the basis of workdays that were required to solve the problem beyond the average number of workdays required in the respective section. In most cases the difficulties were due to a loss of circulation or collapsing geological formations where the drill string got stuck. The additional cost due to these problems was though low in most cases. It exceeded 1 s in 23% of the 77 drilled holes, 2 s in 13% and 3 s in only 8%. The majority of holes were thus drilled according to the original schedule, demonstrating that the perceived high risk of drilling such holes is less than commonly thought. The Injectivity ((kg/s)/MPa) is determined at the end of drilling by logging the pressure response to different rates of pumping water onto the well. These results are compared to the final well output obtained later by flow testing. Such estimates of future production are valuable for deciding SIMS 53rd conference in Reykjavik, Iceland, October 4-6, 2012. 2 whether to drill deeper, drill a sidetrack or to apply well stimulation before moving the drilling rig off the well. The average generating capacity amounted to ~5.7 MW of electricity per well, but surprisingly there was not a significant difference in the mass flow output that could be related to the trajectory nor the well diameter.

The development of new technologies in the past 10 years, like the MWD systems for
real-time surveying, steerable systems for an effective control of trajectory, PDC bits for
efficient drilling of long sections, mud and hydraulic systems for improved control of
hole cleaning and borehole stability, etc. have transformed directional drilling into a
common practice.
There are a few serious problems which may arise during the course of drilling a
directional well. The probability of certain drilling problems arising (e.g. differential
sticking) is increased by virtue of the well being deviated. The causes and implications of
differential sticking are discussed here, as well as solutions and possible preventive
measures. This is very relevant to the DD, particularly in areas which are prone to
differential sticking.
Dog legs and key seats are discussed here in detail. As mentioned elsewhere in this
manual, it is the DD’s responsibility to ascertain the client’s limit on dog leg severity at
the beginning of the project. The consequences of high dog leg severity at a shallow
depth often do not become apparent until much deeper in the well.
Problems caused by borehole instability due to poor hydraulics and mud conditioning are
outlined. Increases in Drag, particularly when drilling with a PDM, directly concern the
DD. In high-angle wells, it often becomes very difficult to "slide".

Humanity has known and used oil for over 5,000 years, many civilizations have used it throughout history at different times and places in the world. Primitive civilizations gave it rudimentary uses in its asphalt or bituminous state, making extensive use of it as sources of illumination, fuel, lubricant, construction element, boat caulker, and even medicine. It is known that the great ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks and Romans use the oil that sprouted a flower of earth in springs, better known in Mexico as "CHAPOPOTERAS".

With regard to oil drilling environments, we refer to the types of forms that may be encountered during drilling, referring to geological ages that there are only accumulated sediment deposits for miles of years. At present there is the petrophysics and records of wells and other sciences that facilitate the time of the drilling know in which geological age or the drilling environment we are.

On the other hand, the present work shows the technological progress of drilling techniques, from drilling to hole in the day known rotary drilling, where elements and drilling elements are used that make drilling, and to the sea on land or in the open sea, much faster and cheaper sea.

Long wall mining has been generating dust pollution during cutting by shearer. Many methods for the control of
dust generation like water sprinkling, ventilation, etc are being implemented in the mine. It would be suitable to
control the dust at the source. For this a detail literature review was carried out to understand how the dust can be
controlled at the source. in this study an attempt was made to develop a model consisting of shearer with radial
bits. Then the coal was cut using this model as well by changing bits in shearer. The dust generated during
cutting by shearers of different bits were sieved and weighed to know which method will be producing the lowest
dust.It was observed that shearer with radial bits produces the lowest dust compared to others. Therefore
adopting cutting by radial bits will not be only beneficial for dust control but will also protect the mineral emitted
into the atmosphere, which is a national loss. In this dissertation, literature review, model development,
comparison of results obtained by cutting with different bits, etc have been explained.As the mining method has
been increasing day by day, therefore, it would be suitable to use shearer with radial bits compared to others bits
for the protection of environment.

The development of drilling fluid has become more efficiency and challenging in latest years, it has gained a wealth of experience and been a front-runner in developing new fluid technologies and practices. The conventional water-based mud systems (WBM) do not provide the technical aptitude required to drill these wells efficiently. As a result, operators choose to use oil-based mud systems (OBM) to reach their drilling objectives. Despite their technical merits, OBMs are often a costly solution with regard to waste disposal, lost circulation and the strict environmental regulations enacted by different governing bodies, moreover to the negative impact on the frequent uses of OBM in HMD field and the potential contamination of the groundwater aquifers, the national oil company Sonatrach has taken a decision to replace the oil based mud system by ecofriendly and highly inhibitive water based mud system to drill the phase 16."
A new high-performance water-based mud system (HP WBM) represents a leap forward in water-based technology in addressing the limitations and disadvantages of current WBM high performance fluid applications, allowing it to effectively compete with Non aqueous fluid systems in drilling performance.
In this investigation attempts have been made to do a comparison and evaluation of the interest of drilling the 16” hole section by using the high performance water base mud, Ultradril system which is proposed as an alternative to the conventional diesel oil base mud. The objective of the run in OMJZ#32 well was to drill as far as possible the 16” section starting from the Senonian and Anhydriteque with an acceptable ROP, using the Water Based Mud (for example: ULTRADRIL) for the third time in HMD field as a trial.

Production consists of bringing the hydrocarbons contained in the substratum to the surface. This requires the use of a large number of wells. A field spreads over a vast area, at least several km² and sometimes more than 100 km². A traditional well (vertical or slightly deviated) only draws oil or gas from a radius of a few tens of meters. Moreover, such wells only cross the reservoir over the limited height of a vertical or near vertical cross section. A large number of vertical wells would therefore be necessary to completely extract the contents of a reservoir. The horizontal well technique has totally revolutionized the industry, because such wells have a much greater length of contact with the reservoir. Thus, the technique enables a significant reduction in the number of wells necessary for a given development. Production drilling presents a number of challenges. consists of bringing the hydrocarbons contained in the substratum to the surface. This requires the use of a large number of wells. A field spreads over a vast area, at least several km² and sometimes more than 100 km². A traditional well (vertical or slightly deviated) only draws oil or gas from a radius of a few tens of meters. Moreover, such wells only cross the reservoir over the limited height of a vertical or near vertical cross section. A large number of vertical wells would therefore be necessary to completely extract the contents of a reservoir. The horizontal well technique has totally revolutionized the industry, because such wells have a much greater length of contact with the reservoir. Thus, the technique enables a significant reduction in the number of wells necessary for a given development. Production drilling presents a number of challenges.