Soil and Water Engineering

So far, drying systems have not been classified systematically. However, drying methods can be broadly classified on the basis of either the mode of heat transfer to the wet solid or the handling characteristics and physical properties of the wet material. The first method of classification reveals differences in dryer design and operation, while the second method is most useful in the selection of a group of dryers for preliminary consideration in a given drying problem. According to the mode of heat transfer, drying methods can be divided into: (a) conduction drying, (b) convection drying, and (c) radiation drying. There are other methods of drying also, namely, dielectric drying, chemical or sorption drying, vacuum dryi ng, freeze drying, etc. Of them, convection drying is commonly used for drying of all types of grain and conduction drying can be employed for drying of parboiled grain. Conduction drying When the heat for drying is transferred to the wet solid mainly by conduction through a solid surface (usually metallic) the phenomenon is known as conduction or contact drying. In this method, conduction is the principal mode of heat transfer and the vaporised moisture is removed independently of the heating media. Conduction drying is characterised by: (a) Heat transfer to the wet solid takes place by conduction through a solid surface, usually metallic. The source of heat may be hot water, steam, flue gases, hot oil, etc.; (b) Surface temperatures may vary widely; (c) Contact dryers can be operated under low pressure and in inert atmosphere; (d) Dust and dusty materials can be removed very effectively; and (e) When agitation is done, more uniform dried product and increased drying rate are achieved by using conduction drying. Conduction drying can be carried out either continuously or batch-wise. Cylinder dryers, drum dryers, steam tube rotary dryers are some of the continuous conduction dryers. Vacuum tray dryers, freeze dryers, agitated pan dryers are the examples of batc h conduction dryers. Convection drying In convection drying, the drying agent (hot gases) in contact with the wet solid is used to supply heat and carry away the va porised moisture and the heat is transferred to the wet solid mainly by convection. The characteristics of convection drying are: (a) Drying is dependent upon the heat transfer from the drying agent to the wet material, the former being the carrier of vaporis ed moisture; (b) Steam heated air, direct flue gases of agricultural waste, etc., can be used as drying agents; (c) Drying temperature varies widely; (d) At gas temperatures below the boiling point, the vapour content of the gas affects the drying rate and the final moisture content of the solid; (e) If the atmospheric humidities are high, natural air drying needs dehumidification; and (f) Fuel consumption per kg of moisture evaporated is always higher than that of conduction drying. Convection drying is most popular in grain drying. It can be carried out either continuously or batch-wise. Continuous tray dryers, continuous sheeting dryers, pneumatic conveying dryers, rotary dryers, tunnel dryers come under the continuous system, wherea s tray and compartment dryers, batch through circulation dryers are the batch dryers. Convection drying can be further classified as follows: Pneumatic or fluidised bed drying: When the hot gas (drying agent) is supplied at a velocity higher than the terminal velocity of the wet solid, the drying of the wet solid occurs in a suspended or fluidised state. This phenomenon is known as fluidised bed drying. Drying may be carried out in a semi-suspended state or spouted bed condition also. Generally, the convection drying is conducted under ordinary state, i.e., drying agent is supplied at a velocity much lower than the terminal velocity of the wet m aterial. In natural air drying, the unheated air as supplied by the nature is utilized. In drying with supplemental heat just sufficient amount of heat (temperature rise within 5 to 10°C) only, is supplied to the drying air to reduce its relative humidity so that drying can ta ke place. In heated air drying, the drying air is heated to a considerable extent. The natural air drying and drying with supplemental heat methods which may require one to four weeks or even more to reduce the grain moisture content to safe levels, are generally used to dry grain for short-term storage in the farm. Heated air drying is most useful when large quantity of grain is to be dried within a short time and marketed at once. It is used for both short and long-term storage. Comparative advantages and disadvantages of the three convective drying methods are given as follows: NATURAL AIR DRYING: Advantages: (1) Lowest initial investment and maintenance cost. (2) No fuel cost. (3) No fire hazard. (4) Least supervision. (5) Least mould growth compared to supplemental heat. Disadvantages: (1) Very slow drying rate, drying period may be extended to several weeks. (2) Weather dependent. (3) More drying space necessary in comparison to heated air drying. (4) Useful particularly for short-term storage in the farm. (5) Not useful for humid tropics. SUPPLIMENTAL HEAT DRYING: Advantages: (1) Lower cost of equipment and maintenance. (2) Independent of weather. (3) Requires less supervision. (4) Most Convection drying Drying under Fluidised state Drying under Spouted bed condition Drying under ordinary state Natural / unheated air drying Heated air drying Air drying with supplemental heat

Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.

Tbe potential for using coal-derived humic substances to improve the available water holding capacity (AWC) and awegate stability of typical Mediterranean soils was evaluated in the laboratory using an agricultural surface (0-20 cm) soil from each of three regions of Ital}, (Sicil}, Tuscany and Venetia) and five rates of humic acids (HA), 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 g/kg.There were significant (P < 0.05) differences between the field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and availablewatercapacity(AWC) values of the controls and those treated with 0.05 glkg of the HA. Beyond this rate, differences in these pr[)perties were not significant. At the 1.00 g/kg HA rate, the relati,'e improvements in AWe over the three controls were 30%, 10% and 26%. Low rates (0.05 to 0.10 g/kg) of HA were also needed to obtain a 40 to 120% improvement in aggregate stability of these soils relative to the controls. These results indicate that the addition of highly humified organic matter such as coal-derived humic substances can improve the structural and water retention properties of degraded arable soils. However, since there is not yet any direct evidence that these humic materials can ameliorate soils under field conditions, field studies will be needed to validate these results.

n the Northern parts of Ghana, highly turbid rainwater runoff and intermittent streams are collected in earthen dams. These dams serve as main source of drinking and domestic water for many communities despite their physical and microbial contamination. This study was conducted at Builpela in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana to analyse the levels of chemical properties in the dam water used by the people in the area. Eight water samples were collected in May 2012 for the analysis. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS,) Flame photometer, Turbidimeter amongst others were used for laboratory analyses. The mean concentration of the parameters analysed were; 624.1 µS/cm for Electrical Conductivity (EC), 8.72 for pH, 57.3 mg/l for Chloride (Cl-) 50.1 mg/l for Potassium (K+), 260.2 for Bicarbonate (CHO3-),16 mg/l for Magnesium (Mg+), and 75 mg/l for Sulphide (SO4-). Apart from the mean Arsenic (As) concentration level of 0.0152 mg/l, all the heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Mercury) analysed were found to be absent in the dam water. Comparatively, most of the parameters were found to be within the WHO and Ghana EPA limits. pH, CHO3, K+ and As were however high in concentration. ANOVA on the concentration of these chemicals at the various banks of the dam realised significant difference for EC, pH and CHO3- with F probability (Fpr <0.05) of 0.005, 0.008 and 0.012 respectively. Even though pollution of the water was observed, concentrations were not alarming. The protection of the catchment and upstream activities which result in pollution of the reservoir should be controlled.

In many soil databases, water content at field capacity or at -10 kPa was measured on disturbed soil samples. Meanwhile water content at -10 kPa is heavily influenced by soil structure, pore size distribution and bulk density. In this paper a model is developed to predict water content at field capacity given data obtained from disturbed soil samples. The linear model predicts the reduction in water content at field capacity with increasing bulk density and sand content. The model has a good fit and was validated against an independent dataset.

Natural hazards such as agricultural droughts impact negatively on crop yields and economic activities.
Characterization of agricultural droughts provides precise and accurate information for decision making
processes during agricultural drought events. Planning and responding to the hazards by government, and
non-governmental organizations in the Sudano-Sahelian belt has been limited in the past due to knowledge
gap on the nature and impact of the hazard. This study seeks to characterize historical agricultural droughts,
assess their impact on crop yields and people’s susceptibility to undernourishment and through forecasting,
unravel what the future holds. Annual effective reconnaissance drought index values are computed using
mean monthly potential evapotranspiration and effective precipitation data. To assess the impact of
agricultural drought, the index’s values are compared to crop yields and prevalence to undernourishment
data. Results show that agricultural drought events of 1983 and 2008 are mild and ephemeral while the 1999
– 2006 event is severe and protracted. While there is 26% chance of materialization of an agricultural drought
in Gourma, the chance of being ephemeral and of moderate category is the highest (8%). It has been
determined that an ephemeral and moderate agricultural drought would trigger below average yields for
maize, sorghum and millet. Mild, moderate and severe events increase prevalence to undernourishment by
2.9 %, 4.3 % and 5.8 % respectively. From 2020 to 2030, a continued materialization of agricultural droughts
is expected.

Le Chott de Djendli (3700 ha) appartient au complexe des zones humides Sud-constantinoises. L’étude menée de février 2006 à mars 2007 nous a permis la caractérisation bioécologique des éléments tant biotiques qu’abiotiques du site. Elle nous a également permis d’avoir un aperçu sur son importance, en étudiant et en suivant plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques du sol et de l’eau ainsi que la richesse floristique et faunistique. En effet, nous avons déterminé le…

Physicochemical analyses were carried out on soil samples from four different waste dumpsites in the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Nigeria to ascertain the effects of the refuse dumpsites on soil and groundwater qualities. Dumpsite locations are Physics Laboratory (PHY), Post Graduate Hostel (PG), School of Earth and Mineral Science (SEMS) and Staff Quarters (STQ). Soil samples collected at distances 0 (dumpsite), 10 and 20 m intervals away from the dumpsite were analyzed and at depths 10, 20 and 30 cm. Parameters determined include pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), Organic Matter (OM) and heavy metals such as Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) and subjected to relevant statistical analysis. Most of the parameters analyzed indicated pollution and were below the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) limits. P and Mg concentrations ranged from 1.19 to 1.25mg/kg and 3.17 to 13.61mg/kg respectively which indicated pollution. Out of heavy metals analyzed, Cu was 1.75mg/kg and Pb was not detected. Statistical analysis indicated signicant differences at 95% level. The result showed that the soil samples were mildly polluted and therefore not suitable for crop production.

Abstract The present research aimed to discuss the applicability of cationic grouts in
geotechnical engineering. The effects of several cationic stabilizers such as monovalent
(sodium silicate), divalent (calcium oxide and calcium chloride), and trivalent (aluminum
hydroxide) were investigated on shear strength improvement of tropical peat samples. The
unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed after the time frame of 7, 21,
and 30 days as curing time, respectively. Apart from the physicochemical characteristics of ...

Investigations on the effect of leachate from municipal solid waste on the soils in landfill sites usually focus on the effect of leachate compounds on the engineering properties of the soil. Leachate chemical composition and its effect on the consistency of soil are important factors for designing liner systems. Soil samples from the bottom of the Esfahan, Iran, landfill were collected. Leachate samples were collected within the a landfill and a composting factory leachate lagoon. Effects the leachates on cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, pH, and consistency of the soil samples were investigated. The chemical property of leachate showed that leachate from the compost factory was contaminated by higher concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg); higher concentrations of Na+,Ca+2, Mg+2, and K+; and higher EC; and were more acidic than the landfill leachate. Liquid limits and plastic limits of the soil were higher from the effect of the compost factory leachate in comparison with the values for landfill leachate.

Human habitat could be defined as a human colony established within the interface between highland and lowland expanding vertically, integrating all power lines, telecommunication lines, sewerage and drainage lines, along the colony with coordinated solid waste management program and having farmlands either side of the colony while safeguarding the highland and lowland ecosystem resilience and surface and ground water resources.

Corrosion induced failure of buried ferrous pipelines causes significant economic losses to the world. Many of the existing buried water pipelines are made of ductile iron in most of the developed countries. Literature shows that the research on the corrosion-induced degradation assessments of ductile iron pipelines is limited and mostly deals with the physical deterioration i. e., loss of wall thickness determined by short-term research. This paper addresses this gap and presents a comparatively long-term study on the corrosion and its subsequent effect on the composition and nanomechanical properties of buried ductile iron pipelines in the accelerated corrosive environment. For experimentation, ductile iron specimens were immersed in the acidic simulated soil solution for 365 days. Physical deterioration assessment over the time was carried out in terms of corrosion rates measured at intervals of 180 and 365 days. A significant change in the percentage composition of key elements and phases were quantified. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the grains were found to be considerably reduced after 365 days of immersion in the acidic environment by the nanoindentation technique. The results revealed an alarming increase of structural degradation at nano scale for some of the grains due to chloride induced localised corrosion. The significance of the current research is its in-depth analysis of the corrosion-induced degradation of ductile iron pipes which enhances the knowledge related to the failure of these pipelines.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the danger of soil pollution in China caused by industries which conduct electronic waste reuse processes. Furthermore, this report investigates possible and efficient solutions regarding soil contamination in China. China is known for e-waste processes which enhance its economic growth. However, that comes with a price, which is soil pollution.

The effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for the purification of
sewage was investigated. The study was carried out in the Department of Agricultural
and Biosystems Engineering. Three treatments of water hyacinth replicated two times
were used in the study. These treatments include no water hyacinth (control), 1kg and
2kg water hyacinth plant density cultures. The system was designed based on Completely
Randomized Design (CRD). Sewage samples were collected during the growth of water
hyacinth. Purification of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on sewage was rapid
during the first three weeks in the sewage cultured with water hyacinth (especially 2kg
water hyacinth plant density) and there was low absorption in nutrients in the last two
weeks when attaining maturity. Parameters such as Cl-, Fe, Cu, Mn, Pb, K, F-, Nitrate and
Sulphate were drastically reduced from 9mg/l to 3.33mg/l, 1.25mg/l to 0.36mg/l, 0.3mg/l
to 0 mg/l, 0.5mg/l to 0.08mg/l, 0.2mg/l to 0.01mg/l, 1.7mg/l to 0.17mg/l, 0.7 mg/l to
0.08mg/l, 8.6mg/l to 0.03mg/l, 17.5mg/l to 6.20mg/l respectively throughout the course
of the study. The purification by water hyacinth had no effect on the bacteriological
parameters (Agar count, E-coli, Coliform). Also, the 2kg water hyacinth plant density
cultured in the sewage purifies more compared to the 1kg water hyacinth plant density
which is moderate and minimal in the control treatment. One way analysis of variance
was used to compare the means of the parameters tested. It shows that parameters like
CO2, Mn, lead and sodium have significant difference between the control treatment with
both the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density culture while parameters like pH,
magnesium hardness, calcium hardness and calcium total have no significant difference
between the no water hyacinth culture( control) with the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth
plant density culture. Finally, sewage parameters like BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, Cu,
F-, nitrate, phosphate, potassium, dissolved solids, suspended solids, sulphate, iron, Cl-
and magnesium total were not affected.

The estimation of a dependable crop water requirement is a necessity for sustainable and effective irrigation application. The estimation of crop water requirements of soybean was carried out based on twenty-one years meteorological data at Abeokuta using Penman– Monteith model. The results obtained showed that the monthly crop reference evapotranspiration (ET o) varied from 96.90 to 165.23 mm/month. The highest crop evapotranspiration (ET c) value of 121.38 mm/month was observed in the month of October while the lowest ETc value of 32.75 mm/month was observed in the month of November. The seasonal effective rainfall (ER) and irrigation water requirements (IR) are 411.57 mm and 108.35 mm respectively. ET c was higher than ER for the months of August, October and November which concise with the vegetative, reproductive and maturity growth periods. This could be caused by the less precipitation recorded in the months of August, October and November. Supplementary irrigation is required to meet the crop water requirement of soybean sowed in Abeokuta during the growth stages where the effective rainfall is lower than the crop evapotranspiration. INTRODUCTION The availability of water in the soil is an essential life support for plant development and food production and sustainability. The amount of water needed during a growing season depends on the crop, yield goal, soil, temperature, solar radiation and other cultural factors. The amount of irrigation required for crop production depends on the particular season's useful rainfall, the soils' water holding capacity and the crop water need (Adekunle et al., 2017). Soybean is a leguminous food crop with vast nutritious content. It serves as a cheap and economical source of oil and protein for millions of people in the world and as feed supplements for poultry and livestock industries. It can be cultivated on almost all kinds of soils expect deep sands which are characterized with poor water retention. The crop is widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropical region of West Africa, characterized by erratic rainfall pattern and periodic dry spells. Soybean is basically a short-day plant, but the response to day length varies with variety and temperature. It is most susceptible to drought damage during flowering and grain filling (Eteng and Nwagbara, 2014). However, the deficiency of water to meet the evapotranspiration demands of soybean during the reproductive growth stages might lead to substantial reduction in its yield. Understanding the crop water needs is essential for irrigation scheduling and water saving measures during the dry period of the cropping season (Eteng and Nwagbara, 2014). Consequently, estimating irrigation water requirements accurately is vital for the survival of crops especially during the dry season. Water requirements for maximum production of soybean ranged from 450 – 700 mm which would be well distributed over the growing season. The crop needs frequent watering especially early yield formation (pod development). Water deficits just prior and during flowering and early yield formation (pod development) may cause heavy flower and pod dropping (FAO, 1986). Crop water needs of soybean fluctuate throughout the season depending on climatic conditions and crop growth stages. Evapotranspiration is one of the key processes in the hydrological cycle and it is the loss of water to the atmosphere by the combined processes of evaporation from the soil and plant surface and transpiration from plants (Allen et al., 1998). Penman-Monteith (FAO-56

Peatlands are dynamic eco-hydrological wetland systems, increasingly under threat worldwide due to natural and anthropogenic effects, including large-scale drainage and oxidation, causing their subsidence and ecological deterioration. In Europe, the requirements for conservation, restoration and long-term sustainability of degraded active bog have been accentuated by more stringent environmental policy and legislation. This paper describes how peat bunds (dams), strategically constructed at affected areas around the bog margins, can gradually re-establish the natural peatland hydrology and peat-forming vegetation through collection, storage and controlled release of surface runoff from the high bog. For geotechnical stability, the translational-type slip failure was identified as the critical case. The analysis must account for drying out of the compacted peat during drought periods and ensuing increases in lateral and uplift hydraulic pressures and seepage pressures generated follo...

Su, Su Sondajı, Su Sondajı Nasıl Yapılır? Su Sondajı Yapımında Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler, Su Sondajında Çıkarılan Suların İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri, Suyun ve Su Kaynaklarının İslam Dinindeki Yeri ve Önemi, Su Sondajı ve Sondajın Tarihçesi ve Gelişimi, Su Sondajına Başlamadan Önce Yapılması Gereken Resmi İşlemler, Su Sondajı Neden Yapılır Veya Yaptırılır? Kaliteli Su Sondajı İçin Gerekli Şartlar Nelerdir? Su Sondajı-Yeraltı Suları-Kuyu Yeri Seçimi ve Kuyu Tasarımı İlişkisi Nasıl Olmalıdır? Su Sondajı Yöntemleri Nelerdir? Su Kuyusu Açma Yöntemleri Nelerdir? Su Sondajının Yapım Aşamaları, Sondaj Açarken Suyun Çıktığını Nasıl Anlarız? Sondaj Suyunun Debisinin Ölçümü, Sondaj Çalışmaları Sırasında Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve Çözümleri, Sondaj Takım Dizisinin Sıkışması, Sondaj Takım Dizisinin Kopması, Sondaj Takım Dizisinin Çözülmesi, Sondajda Boru Kopmaları, Sondaj Çalışmalarında Kurtarma İşlemlerinin Yapılmasının Nedenleri, Sondaj Çalışmalarındaki Doğal Güçlükler Ve Kurtarma Çalışmaları, Sondaj Çalışmalarında Meydana Gelebilecek Kazalar Ve Alınabilecek Önlemler, Sondaj Çalışmalarında Kullanılan Kurtarma Aletleri, Sondaj Bittikten Sonra Teslim/Teslim Alma ve Metrajın Tespiti, Su Sondajının Maliyeti Ne Kadardır? Nasıl Hesaplanır? Sondaj Kuyusundaki Suyun Azalmasının Nedenleri, Sondaj Bakımı ve Geliştirme, Sondaj Kuyularının İşletmeye Hazır Hale Getirilmesi, Su Sondajı Raporu Örneği, Konya, Jeoloji, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Jeoloji Yüksek Mühendisi, Türkay Ercan Şengöz. (Türkay Ercan Şengöz tarafından yayımlanan her çeşit harita, bilgi ve belgelerin her hakkı saklıdır. Her ne şekilde ve amaçla olursa olsun bu bilgi ve belgelerin kaynak belirtilmeden kullanılması, yazılı izin alınmadan elektronik, optik, mekanik veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması, çoğaltılması, basılması, değiştirilmesi, paylaşılması, kopyalanması ve internet sitelerinde kullanılması durumunda gerekli hukuki yollara başvurulacak ve yasal işlem başlatılacaktır. Önemle duyurulur. Bu platformda veya diğer platformlarda paylaşmış olduğum tez veya akademik kapsamdaki çalışmalarımın içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, akademik çalışmalarımın tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlandığını hatırlatıyor, bana ait olan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapılması gerektiğini bildiriyor, sevgi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum.)

Air dalam tanah berasal dari air hujan yang ditahan oleh tanah sehingga tidak meresap ke tempat lain, disamping campuran bahan mineral dengan bahan organik, maka dalam proses pembentukan tanah terbentuk pula lapisan-lapisan tanah atau horizon-horison. Tanah akan kehilangan bahan-bahan mineral tersebut jika tanah dipergunakan secara terus-menerus tanpa memperhatikan kaedah-kaedah konservasi maupun pengelolaan tanah yang baik. Tanah akan kehilangan bahan-bahan mineral tersebut jika tanah dipergunakan secara terus-menerus tanpa memperhatikan kaedah-kaedah konservasi maupun pengelolaan tanah yang baik. Pengukuran energi kinetik hujan dengan metode splash cup agar dalam penataan lahan dapat mengurangi dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh hujan deras. Kemampuan limpasan permukaan dalam mengangkut partikel tanah tergantung dari besarnya energi potensial yang dimiliki oleh aliran permukaan tersebut, semakin besar energi potensial yang dimiliki maka semakin besar pula kemampuan limpasan tersebut dalam mengangkut partikel tanah.

THIS IS NATURE SIGNALING THE END OF DUALITY 
THIS IS HUGE - CHANGE THE ENTIRETY OF CREATION - NO DUALITY ANYWHERE.
IT IS VERY CLEARLY A PREDETERMINED ADVANCEMENT OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS - THIS BUBBLE IS TOO WELL DESIGNED - EUPHORIA CANCELS KARMA

Soil is a critical part of successful agriculture and is the source of the nutrients that we use to grow crops. There are different types of soil and there are different properties of each soil. On these different properties, several types of crops grow. We need to know the properties and characteristics of various soil types to understand which crops sow in certain soil types. Machine Learning allows the user to feed a computer algorithm on an immense amount of data and have the computer analyze, make data-driven recommendations and decisions based to analyze the input data. Machine Learning techniques are used to model this process. Machine Learning has come into the picture with the big data technologies and high-performance computing that create new opportunities for data-intensive science in the multi-disciplinary agri-technology domain. In this paper, we have proposed a model that can find whether the soil is fertile or not, Sowing crop seed on fertile soil, and at last predicting the crop yield on different soil features. According to prediction, it can be suggested and recommended which crops grow more. Various Machine Learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Linear Regression, Multilayer perceptron (MLP), and ANN are used for soil classification and crop yield. Test results show that the proposed ANN method follows a deep learning architecture which means it has several layers for input and output are connected to achieve better accuracy than numerous existing methods.

The study reports on processing of potato strips from raw potatoes which were used for manufacturing of
potato French fry. Moisture, vitamin C, reducing sugar, and ash contents of fresh potato of different
varieties were determined. Shelf life of potato strips packaged in air tight polyethylene bags was assessed at
freezing temperature. The effect of blanching on the shelf life of potato strips was investigated. Colour, and
flavour of blanched potato strips were found acceptable up to 70 days and no microbial growth was found
during the entire storage period. The potato French fry was tasted organoleptically by a panel of 10 judges,
using 1-9 point of Hedonic scale. On the basis of sensory evaluations potato strips which were blanched,
salted, and partially fried before storage got the highest score on the Hedonic scale among the other
processed samples of the same variety. Among the varieties, Asterix was evaluated as the most preferred

Optimasi dan pola operasi waduk/bendungan dapat digunakan dengan beberapa metode diantaranya Program linier, Program Dinamik maupun simulasi.
This writing can inform for you all, how to optimum the reservoir so can fulfill water needs irrigation in Agricultural lands.

Site investigation is essential prior to all construction activities of engineering structures for determining the suitability of the site for the construction of the proposed structure. The results from the site investigation gives us the information about the soil profile and the ground water table condition at the site. Various in-situ tests are carried out like Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Electrical Resistivity Technique (ERT), Vane Shear Test (VST), Plate Load Test (PLT), Pile Load Test, Flat Plate Dilatometer Test, Packer Test, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and many others during the site exploration. The data and results obtained from these tests are essential in identifying the soil type, analyzing and the strength and deformation properties and parameters of soil as well as the ground water condition of the site. This paper intends to summarize the processes and various corrections that are involved in Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and its importance and implication in geotechnical analysis and site exploration. The tools and equipment in this test involved are cable percussion drilling rig, soil sampler (especially split spoon sampler), spirit level, boring machine and a hammer with few other miscellaneous. The soil sampler is pushed or penetrated into the ground by hammer of 63.5kg making it fall freely from a standard height of 750mm. The collected disturbed and undisturbed soil samples, hammer blows and energy are analyzed and interpreted to determine or more specifically to estimate the shear strength of soil, relative density and bearing strength of the soil at different depths. This test also helps in determining the aspects of soil which later can be improved by soil stabilizing or by any one or combination of various ground improvement techniques. In accordance of these interpretations, analysis and estimates, suitable foundation design and further construction work for the proposed structure are recommended.