Ecosystem-based Fishery Management

The purpose of this study was to determine the typology, seagrass ecosystem function and services that are useful for human well-being.  This research was conducted by using literatures survey of some scientific documents and analyzed qualitatively and described to obtain a comprehensive overview in accordance with purposes of this research.  The results of this study shows that seagrass ecosystem provides the benefits of ecosystem services are valuable and needed humans to meet their needs and well-being, both ecologically, socially, and economically.  Those ecosystem services include the following: (i) provisioning services that one of them shown by the production of a protein source necessary for mandkind, (ii) regulating services, one of which is shown by role of seagrass in maintaining the stability of white sand beaches from abrasion, (iii) cultural services, one one which is shown by the role of seagrass in making the surrounding area as a place for recreation, especially recreational fishing, and (iv) supporting services, one of which is shown by the role of seagrass in the process of supplying oxygen and nutrient cycling in the waters of the needs of fish and biota surrounding.  All the ecosystem services provided to be a source of life and livelihood are needed to meet the people’s welfare.

Brackish water fishery is one of the segments of the fishery industry in Sri Lanka. Lagoon environments are the most appropriate areas for brackish water fishery worldwide. Kalpitiya is well known for brackish water fishery based on Puttalam lagoon. Generally, the small-scale fishery has dominant constraints. The objective of the study is to identify the issues associated with small-scale fishery (SSF) in Anaiwasala fishing village. To fulfil the aim of the study questionnaire survey and non-structured interviews based on random sampling method was performed with visual encounter survey for one year to obtain primary data. The available literature on small-scale fishery was studied to get secondary data.MS Excel 2016 version was used to analyse the data and perform the relevant mapping. The results show the SSF in the village has different constraints. Saccostrea spp, Merefrixcasta, Penaeusindicus, Scylla serrata and Epinephalu ssp are the dominant species in the area. 16.6% of Tungusnet usage in the area is illegal. Dragnet and push net are identified illegal fishing methods while few of fishermen used secret illegal fishing methods.13% of teppam (log raft) generally carried out illegal dragnets. More than 80% of fishermen seasonally engaged in crab harvesting.80% of residents only have secondary education is a direct threat for the SSF. Unawareness has contributed to destruct associated surface ecosystems and benthic ecosystem. Non-target species catching also existed in the area. Increase of the number of fishermen and inadequate fish species population is also affected to have a standard SSF industry in Anaiwasala. To overcome the issues awareness programmes and enforcement of the legal framework should be applied in Anaiwasala fishing village for the utmost existence of SSF community.

Information about reproductive biology is significantly needed in management of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fishery. This research informs spatial and temporal sex ratio, gonadal development, gonado somatic index (GSI) and first size sexual maturity of male and female crab, as well as crab spawning season in Lasongko Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. Crab collection were conducted with gillnet in five different types of habitat. Gonadal development of crab was examined by their color and morphological characters. Sex ratio was analyzed of χ 2 test, and gonadal development proportion of male and female crabs were described. Gonado somatic index (GSI) among stations were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and followed by Tukey's test. Sex ratio of crabs spatially and temporally of generally did not differ significantly from 1:1. Gonad developments of male and female crab were varied spatially and temporally. GSI at every gonad development stage of male and female crabs generally was not significantly different among stations. GSI of male crab was smaller than the female crab. The first sexual maturity size of male and female crabs were 109.8 mm carapace width (CW) and 115.7 mm CW, respectively. The crab spawned in Lasongko Bay the whole year, and three peaks of spawning season were detected.

Three experimental feeds were formulated by reducing fishmeal at a level of 5%, incorporated with selected ingredients like green seaweed, Enteromorpha intestinalis (referred as ENT feed); salt-marsh grass, Porteresia coarctata (referred as POT feed) and mangrove litter (referred as ML feed). Juvenile prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were exposed to the feeds of floral origin during the experimental trial and performances were evaluated in terms of growth characteristics and muscle protein content. Incorporation of E. intestinalis in the formulated feed resulted in significantly higher (p<0.01) average body weight (80.48 gm), condition factor (1.30), specific growth rate (1.45% day-1), feed conversion ratio (1.76) and survival (68.19%) as confirmed through ANOVA. Length-weight relationship varied significantly (p<0.01) thus exhibiting isometric growth (b= 3.008) in prawns treated with ENT feed as compared to others where allometric growth pattern was observed. Muscle protein content also reflected similar pattern with significantly greater (p< 0.01) in the group of prawns treated with ENT feed. The present study thus confirms the suitability of the particular seaweed species for its incorporation in the formulated prawn feed.

The main question addressed by this article is how to adapt the responsive evaluation (RE) approach to an intervention context characterized by repetition of ineffective interventions, ambiguous intervention action theories among stakeholders, and high omplexity. The context is Grand-Popo, a fishing municipality located on Benin’s southwest Atlantic coast. The fishery anagement interventionists and the fishing communities in the municipality all espoused concern for the sustainable improvement of fishing actors’ livelihood conditions, but differed about the reasons for this livelihood impairment, and about what should be done, when, where, and by whom. Given this ambiguity, we dentified RE as a promising action research approach to facilitate dialogue and mutual learning, and consequently to improve stakeholders’ ability to resolve problems. However, this approach seems to have some shortcomings in the Grand-Popo context, regarding the repetitive ineffectiveness of interventions, high
complexity, and uncertainty. Therefore, based on our empirical study, we add three dimensions to the existing RE framework: historical analysis to deal with routine interventions, exploration and discussion of incongruities of action theories to trigger double-loop learning, and system analysis to deal with complexity and uncertainty. This article does not intend to address the implications or impact of this adapted RE framework. Instead, we suggest some criteria and indicators for evaluating whether the proposed amended RE approach has assisted in resolving the fishery problems in Grand-Popo after the approach has been applied.

The Bering Sea is a high-latitude, semi-enclosed sea that supports extensive fish, seabird, marine mammal, and
invertebrate populations and some of the world’s most productive fisheries. The region consists of several distinct biomes that have undergone wide-scale population variation, in part due to fisheries, but also in part due to the effects of
interannual and decadal-scale climatic variation. While recent decades of ocean observation have highlighted possible links
between climate and species fluctuations, mechanisms linking climate and population fluctuations are only beginning to be
understood. Here, we examine the food webs of Bering Sea ecosystems with particular reference to some key shifts in
widely distributed, abundant fish populations and their links with climate variation. Both climate variability and fisheries
have substantially altered the Bering Sea ecosystem in the past, but their relative importance in shaping the current
ecosystem state remains uncertain.

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total average biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the contrary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency. Keywords: biomass, coastal waters of Tangerang Regency, spatial and temporal variability, swept area, over fishing. ABSTRAK Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang merupakan salah satu pesisir yang memiliki sumber daya ikan yang cukup melimpah, baik ikan pelagis, demersal, maupun ikan karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji variasi biomassa komunitas ikan di pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang, sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar untuk upaya pengelolaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni dan Agustus 2013 di tiga lokasi, yaitu Kronjo, Cituis, dan Tanjung Pasir. Data primer yang dikumpulkan adalah biomassa ikan per jenis. Biomassa ikan dari masing-masing lokasi diperoleh melalui metode swept area dengan menggunakan alat tangkap trawl. Hasil yang diperoleh didapatkan bahwa lokasi Kronjo memiliki rata-rata biomassa total ikan paling tinggi di bandingkan Cituis dan Tanjung Pasir. Secara temporal, rata-rata biomassa total ikan pada bulan Agustus lebih tinggi dibandingkan bulan Juni untuk Kronjo dan Cituis, sedangkan sebaliknya untuk Tanjung Pasir. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tingginya arus dan tinggi gelombang pada bulan Agustus dibandingkan bulan Juni. Biomassa ikan planktivora dominan ter-tangkap selama penelitian. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan terjadinya tangkapan lebih pada ikan-ikan karnivora yang dapat mengarah pada fishing down the food web di pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang. Kata kunci: biomassa, Pesisir Tangerang, variasi spasial dan temporal, penyapuan area, tangkap lebih.

Industrial fishing can profoundly alter marine environments, and no-take zones are an important tool to achieve sustainable fishing and re-establish ecosystem integrity. However, the potential benefits for vagile species such as top predators are still questioned. The numbers of endangered African penguins Spheniscus demersus have halved since 2004. They depend on small pelagic fish, also targeted by a purse-seine industry in South Africa. We studied penguin foraging behaviour and breeding output at two colonies supporting 60% of the global population in relation to fishing activity by purse-seine vessels. In 2008, both sites were open to fishing, but in 2009 and 2010 waters within 20 km of the world’s largest colony were closed to fishing, while waters around the neighbouring colony, 50 km away, remained open. Birds’ foraging effort increased with the size of catches around their colonies and decreased with the implementation of a reserve. Total fishing catches in the bay remained constant, but shifted toward the boundaries of the reserve in 2010. While the no-take zone significantly reduced penguin foraging effort, intensified fishing pressure at the reserve boundaries (“fishing the line”) in 2010 limited this benefit. The decrease over time of both adult body mass and chick growth rates from both colonies, suggested that the 20 km-closure is too small to reverse penguin population decreases. Therefore, stronger fishery management measures, such as larger no-take zones, buffer zones around reserves, or local reduction of fishing quotas, seem necessary to increase food availability for penguins around their colonies. The collapse of Africa’s only breeding penguin species adds urgency to the wider implementation of such measures.

Z inicjatywy dr. hab. Bogdana Matławskiego, prof. Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, od 2012 roku we wsi Żabnica (gmina Gryfino) odbywają się czerwcowe spotkania „Żabnickie lato z rybką”, podczas których odtwarzane jest dziedzictwo kulinarne Pomorza Zachodniego i popularyzowany etos śródlądowego rybaka łodziowego.

Two fishing castes, Ambiga and Harikantra, of Karnataka employ different techniques for throwing cast nets in the same habitat. Ambigas throw the net from above the head, as opposed to the far easier Harikantra method of throwing at the waist level. These different techniques are described here as memes, transmitted through learning. A logico- deductive hypothesis is developed here to explain the origin and maintenance of the memetic difference between the castes, with the help of circumstantial semiotic and anthropological evidence.

Oceanic circulation structures nutrients distribution and affects primary productivity. Hydrodynamic
features drive the distribution of intermediate trophic level species which aggregations commonly
attract top predators. Blue shark (Prionace glauca, BSH) is the main bycatch species of Réunion Island pelagic
longline fishery that mainly targets swordfish in the South-West Indian Ocean. The relation between BSH
abundance and the environment is poorly known and deserves to be investigated if fishing management
measures to reduce blue shark bycatch would have to be considered. The goal of this study is to characterise
environmental factors favouring BSH hotspots. Nominal catch per unit of effort (CPUEn) from fishermenreported
data (2011-2013; 671 sets and 2 517 blue sharks caught) was used as proxy of local abundance. We
proceeded in two steps: (i) the nominal CPUE (CPUEn) was standardized using a Tweedie generalized additive
model (GAM) to remove variability from distribution of fishing effort, boat and gear which were summarised
in a vessel typology, (ii) the residual CPUE (CPUEres) from the standardisation model was used to
test with a GAM for the effect of environmental variables. We found that (i) vessel typology explains 11.1%
of CPUEn variations and that (ii) the environmental model explains 13.8 % of CPUEres. The environmental
model that was used to predict BSH abundance includes the effect of chlorophyll-a surface concentration,
and sea level anomalies, with anticylonic eddies driving local variations of BSH abundance.

Brackish water fishery is one of the segments of the fishery industry in Sri Lanka. Lagoon environments are the most appropriate areas for brackish water fishery worldwide. Kalpitiya is well known for brackish water fishery based on Puttalam lagoon. Generally, the small-scale fishery has dominant constraints. The objective of the study is to identify the issues associated with small-scale fishery (SSF) in Anaiwasala fishing village. To fulfil the aim of the study questionnaire survey and non-structured interviews based on random sampling method was performed with visual encounter survey for one year to obtain primary data. The available literature on small-scale fishery was studied to get secondary data.MS Excel 2016 version was used to analyse the data and perform the relevant mapping. The results show the SSF in the village has different constraints. Saccostrea spp, Merefrixcasta, Penaeusindicus, Scylla serrata and Epinephalu ssp are the dominant species in the area. 16.6% of Tung...

The concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around &amp;quot;black box&amp;quot; and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability.