Euboeans

Open access : https://www.esag.swiss/apobates/apobates-open-access/

EN : Karl Reber has been exploring the rich cultural heritage of the Greek island of Euboea for more than forty years. He was director of the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece from 2007 to 2021 and conducted several excavations in Eretria and Amarynthos. On the occasion of his 65th birthday and his retirement after fifteen years as a Professor at the University of Lausanne, his former students dedicate a collection of essays to him, entitled ἀποβάτης. The twenty-three contributions are devoted to ancient finds, recent discoveries and new ideas on the ancient city of Eretria, the nearby sanctuary of Artemis Amarysia and the Euboean countryside from the Mycenaean to the Imperial period.

FR : Karl Reber parcourt depuis plus de quarante ans l’île grecque d’Eubée et en explore les vestiges du passé. Devenu directeur de l’École suisse d’archéologie en Grèce en 2007, il a dirigé plusieurs fouilles à Érétrie et à Amarynthos. À l’occasion de ses 65 ans et de son départ à la retraite après quinze années de professorat à l’Université de Lausanne, ses étudiant·e·s d’hier et d’aujourd’hui lui dédient ces mélanges, intitulés ἀποβάτης. Ce volume réunit vingt-trois articles consacrés à d’anciennes trouvailles, à de récentes découvertes et à de nouvelles réflexions sur la ville d’Érétrie, le sanctuaire voisin d’Artémis Amarysia et la campagne eubéenne, de la période mycénienne à l’époque impériale.

DE : Karl Reber bereist die griechische Insel Euböa seit mehr als vierzig Jahren und erforscht die Spuren ihrer Vergangenheit. Seit er 2007 Direktor der Schweizerischen Archäologischen Schule in Griechenland geworden ist, hat er mehrere Grabungen in Eretria und Amarynthos geleitet. Zum Anlass seines 65. Geburtstags und dem Antritt seines Ruhestands nach fünfzehn Jahren Professur an der Universität Lausanne, widmen ihm seine aktuellen und ehemaligen Student/‑innen eine Sammlung von Schriften unter dem Titel ἀποβάτης. Dieser Band vereinigt dreiundzwanzig Artikel zu alten Funden, neuen Entdeckungen und aktuellen Überlegungen zur Stadt Eretria, dem benachbarten Heiligtum der Artemis Amarysia und der euböischen Landschaft, von der mykenischen Epoche bis zur römischen Kaiserzeit.

ΕΛ : Για περισσότερα από σαράντα χρόνια, ο Karl Reber έχει αφοσιωθεί στην εξερεύνηση της πλούσιας ευβοϊκής πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς. Από το 2007 έως και το 2021 διετέλεσε Διευθυντής της Ελβετικής Αρχαιολογικής Σχολής στην Ελλάδα και πραγματοποίησε πολλές ανασκαφές στην Ερέτρια και την Αμάρυνθο. Μετά από δεκαπέντε χρόνια κατά τα οποία υπηρέτησε ως καθηγητής στο Πανεπιστήμιο της Λωζάνης, με αφορμή τα 65α του γενέθλιά και την συνταξιοδότησή του, οι πρώην μαθητές του Karl αποφάσισαν να του αφιερώσουν μια συλλογή δοκιμίων με τίτλο «ἀποβάτης». Οι είκοσι τρεις συμβολές του τόμου είναι αφιερωμένες σε αρχαία ευρήματα, πρόσφατες ανακαλύψεις αλλά και νέες ιδέες που αφορούν την αρχαία πόλη της Ερέτριας, το κοντινό ιερό της Αμαρυσίας Αρτέμιδος, και την ευβοϊκή ύπαιθρο, από τους Μυκηναϊκoύς έως τους Αυτοκρατορικούς χρόνους.

2020, 172 pages en français et en allemand, broché, 21x21cm, nombreuses illustrations en couleur. Éditions École suisse d’archéologie en Grèce, Lausanne.

ISBN 978-2-8399-3122-9

Zusammenfassung
Das Fundmaterial aus den Sondierungen des Westteils ergab, dass das Gymnasion in den Jahren um 330–320 v. Chr. errichtet wurde. Während der Ostteil nach Ausweis des Fundmaterials bereits gegen Ende des 1. Jhs. v. Chr. aufgegeben wurde, scheint der Westteil noch mindestens bis zum Ende des 1. Jhs. n. Chr. weiterbenutzt worden zu sein.
Im Ostteil wurden Sondierungen in Hof P und in den Räume T-U-V1-V2 durch- geführt. In T befand sich ursprünglich ein Eingang, der in einer Nachnutzung ein- zelner Räume des Gymnasions zugemau- ert wurde. Raum U scheint erst nach der Mitte des 2. Jhs. v.Chr. an das Peristyl P an- gebaut worden sein. Der Raum war durch drei Säulen zwischen zwei Pilastern zum Hof hin geöffnet. Einige Fundamentblöcke im Innern zeigen, dass entlang der Wände eine Bank aufgestellt war.
Überraschende Funde wurden in dem Brunnen in K3 gemacht. In der Auffüllung, die ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. datiert, fanden sich neben menschlichen Knochen auch drei Fragmente einer Bronzestatue.

2016 started a new excavation in the possible suburban area of Pithekoussai, today Lacco Ameno sull'Ischia. Heads of the international team of archaeologist, architects and historians are Nadin Burkhardt (KU Eichstätt) and Stephan Faust (Cork). The excavation was supported by the Fritz Thyssen-Stiftung. In the talk we will present the first results and finds of the excavation.

Provenance studies have only recently become an integral part of the debate on pottery distribution and consumption in the Mediterranean through the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Culture historical archaeology has for a long time perceived pottery distribution as an indicator for massive migrations or other forms of human mobility. In case of historically attested migration events such as the Greek Colonisation during the 8th and 7th century BC as well as earlier interactions between Greeks and the Levant, Greek pottery has been usually taken as solid evidence for the literary information. This discussion was conducted on the basis of many conceptual and methodological misunderstandings. The objective of the project “Early Iron Age Greek Pottery overseas” has two objectives: first, to offer solid evidence on the provenance of Early Iron Age Greek pottery or pottery of Greek type that was consumed all over Mediterranean from the Levant to the Andalusia coast of Spain and second, to start a new debate with focus on the social context of this phenomenon that will treat the issue of identity through a postcolonial prism. The trustworthiest provenance method that can be successfully applied to fine wares such as the Greek ones is Neutron Activation Analysis. Several hundreds Early Iron Age ceramic vessels from many different sites in North Greece, Italy, Turkey, Tunisia and Lebanon have already been sampled and are currently being analysed and evaluated within a rich, already existing databank. This paper will focus on the interpretative potential of the pottery of Greek type or origin in Campania, that is a central part the project, since this is the region with the earliest Greek settlement overseas and the starting point of the so called Greek colonisation movement.
In the 8th century BC Campania is affected by intense contacts between Greeks and natives. During the first half of the century not only imported pottery but also locally produced artefacts of mixed taste blending local shapes with Greek motifs were consumed. Around 770 BC Euboeans settled definitively on the Phlegraean coast, founding first Pithekoussai and then Kyme. Since the very beginning of their settlement abroad, Greeks began to produce pottery on-site. This looks very close to Euboean models in the first stage and opens up later to Corinthian, Attic and East Greek influences by gradually assuming individual typological characteristics. Often, however, locally produced pottery is so identical to the Greek from motherland that it can hardly be distinguished. A further and rather underestimated problem is the identification of the workshops that operated at different loci in the Campanian colonial landscape, i.e. Pithekoussai, Kyme, etc.
The identification of the local production by means of Neutron Activation Analysis is essential for the comprehension not only of the local workshops’ choices, but also of the mechanisms and routesfor the distribution of local and imported wares. For this purpose, pottery was sampled from Pithekoussai and Kyme, which were the main distribution centres of Greek imported and locally produced colonial pottery in the Western Mediterranean, as well as from the native landscape of the Sarno Valley that welcomed most such material. The objective is the search for identities through social practices and institutions such as feasting that are reflected in pottery consumption.