AbstractA hybrid fiberradio access network architecture for simultaneous wireline and wireless transmissions of Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) signals is pre-sented. An all-optical harmonic up-conversion... more
AbstractA hybrid fiberradio access network architecture for simultaneous wireline and wireless transmissions of Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) signals is pre-sented. An all-optical harmonic up-conversion technique using a dual-drive ...
The concept of fixed wireless access (FWA) makes it possible to double the impact of a 5G deployment by addressing the two prominent 5G use cases – mobile broadband and fixed broadband – simultaneously. The 5G beams that serve mobile... more
The concept of fixed wireless access (FWA) makes it possible to double the impact of a 5G deployment by addressing the two prominent 5G use cases – mobile broadband and fixed broadband – simultaneously. The 5G beams that serve mobile users outdoors during the daytime can be redirected to an FWA terminal when people return home in the evening, thereby strengthening the case for 5G deployment and its outlook as an affordable and sustainable technology. The benefits of FWA include rapid service rollout, lower rollout costs and lower opex compared with fiber-to-home and other wireline solutions. The ability to deliver mobile and fixed broadband via the same technology and the same infrastructure will enable service providers to achieve true network convergence.
This paper examines the validity and applicability of different path loss models, based on an extensive measurement campaign in a rural environment at 3.7 GHz (3GPP band 43) for line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. The measurements were... more
This paper examines the validity and applicability of different path loss models, based on an extensive measurement campaign in a rural environment at 3.7 GHz (3GPP band 43) for line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. The measurements were carried out using a commercial fixed wireless access (FWA) network operating with Time-Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) configuration. From the path loss analysis, not all of the examined models are appropriate to describe accurately the expected losses. The close-in, WINNER II, and 3GPP/ITU-R models present the best performance. On the other hand, the Extended Hata model is not accurate for the specific area since it over-predicts path loss. Finally, from the statistical analysis the shadow fading is approximated by the Lognormal distribution with zero mean and a standard deviation of 5.8 dB. An almost excellent fit is achieved regardless of the dissimilar propagation conditions in the specific area. Index Terms-Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), path loss models, rural measurements, Time-Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE).
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) involves the use of wireless technology to replace copper to connect subscribers to the telephone network. It is a variant of wireless broadband which provides an alternative in the so-called ‘last mile’... more
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) involves the use of wireless technology to replace copper to connect subscribers to the telephone network. It is a variant of wireless broadband which provides an alternative in the so-called ‘last mile’ connectivity between the subscriber and the fixed telecommunications network. FWA could either be narrowband or broadband and it is predominantly deployed using the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology. In assessing the extent of development and deployment of FWA, the perspective of the operators and users was elicited primarily through the use of questionnaires. Issues like setup cost, tax, Government incentive, availability of infrastructure and manpower applied to the operators while on the users’ part factors like quality of service, signal strength as well as call rate were considered. The South western zone of Nigeria is regarded as one of the most urbanized regions in the south of Sahara, this is not out of place considering the fact tha...
Fixed wireless access systems operating below 11 GHz have the potential to provide broadband wireless access for non line-of-sight operation. In this paper the performance of a typical broadband fixed wireless system based on the IEEE... more
Fixed wireless access systems operating below 11 GHz have the potential to provide broadband wireless access for non line-of-sight operation. In this paper the performance of a typical broadband fixed wireless system based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 specifications is determined. A scenario for business applications with outdoor customer premises equipment is investigated in the 3.5 GHz frequency band. Different path loss models and terrain types are considered. Coverage and throughput in a sector are determined for this business scenario
The paper describes the broadband evolution especially in Western Europe. The broadband penetra- tion is separated into the business and residential markets and forecasting models are developed for both markets and also for the main... more
The paper describes the broadband evolution especially in Western Europe. The broadband penetra- tion is separated into the business and residential markets and forecasting models are developed for both markets and also for the main broadband technologies DSL, Cable modem (Hybrid Fibre Coax), FTTx and Fixed Wireless Access. The FTTx deployment and demand in Western Europe are to a certain degree suppressed by uncertain regulatory framework for fibre accesses. The influence of mobile broad- band is discussed. Finally, analyses show that the cost of Fixed Wireless Access is high, indicating that the technology only will be competitive in areas which cannot be covered by DSL and cable modem.
Sehubungan belum tercapainya target rencana pita lebar Indonesia, dan arahan Presiden Republik Indonesia untuk mempercepat transformasi digital nasional maka perlu dibuatkan beberapa solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut... more
Sehubungan belum tercapainya target rencana pita lebar Indonesia, dan arahan Presiden Republik Indonesia untuk mempercepat transformasi digital nasional maka perlu dibuatkan beberapa solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diantaranya melalui penggunaan layanan Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) berbasis teknologi 5G. Terdapat 2 jenis penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi yang dapat menyelenggarakan jasa teleponi dasar dan membangun jaringan akses yang terhubung ke pelanggan yakni penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler dan penyelenggara jaringan tetap lokal. Ke 2 jenis penyelenggaraan ini memiliki kesempatan yang sama dalam menyelenggarakan layanan FWA berbasis teknologi 5G. Oleh karenanya perlu dikaji Analisis Startegi Penyelenggaraan Fixed Wireless Access berbasis Teknologi 5G oleh Penyelenggara Jaringan Telekomunikasi tersebut mengingat keterbatasan alokasi spekturm frekuensi radio yang digunakan. Dalam Kajian ini metode yang digunakan adalah pengunaan metoda analisis SWOT. Hasil kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa jaringan tetap lokal maupun jaringan bergerak seluler dapat menyelenggarakan layanan FWA berbasis teknologi 5G. Namun demikian, dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi jaringan bergerak seluler eksisting yang sangat luas dan basis pelanggannya yang besar maka pada tahap awal penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler dapat diberikan prioritas dalam rencana penggunaan alokasi spectrum frekuensi radio untuk penyelenggaraan layanan FWA yang berbasis teknologi 5G.
Keywords – Jaringan Telekomunikasi, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), teknologi 5G, analisis SWOT
This paper looks into coexistence and sharing between systems as a recently critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum scarcity. At WRC-07, ITU-R allocated 3400-3600 MHz band for the coming fourth generation (4G) or... more
This paper looks into coexistence and sharing between systems as a recently critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum scarcity. At WRC-07, ITU-R allocated 3400-3600 MHz band for the coming fourth generation (4G) or IMT-Advanced on a co-primary basis along with existing Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) systems. Therefore, coexistence and sharing requirements like separation distance and frequency separation
This paper looks into coexistence and sharing between systems as a recently critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum scarcity. At WRC-07, ITU-R allocated 3400-3600 MHz band for the coming fourth generation (4G) or... more
This paper looks into coexistence and sharing between systems as a recently critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum scarcity. At WRC-07, ITU-R allocated 3400-3600 MHz band for the coming fourth generation (4G) or IMT-Advanced on a co-primary basis along with existing Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) systems. Therefore, coexistence and sharing requirements like separation distance and frequency separation coordination must be achieved in terms of both co-channel and adjacent channel frequencies. Co-sited the two base stations antennas and non co-sited coexistence of the twos systems are investigated. The interference analysis models, adjacent channel interference ratio ACIR and spectrum emission mask are applied in the mentioned band to extract the additional isolation needed to protect adjacent channel interference. Also interference to noise ratio as a standard interference criteria is introduced and possible engineering solutions are suggested and explained at last.
The BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) systems are terrestrial cellular PMP (point-to- multipoint) networks, wherein both the TSs (Terminal Station) and the BSs (Base Station) have fixed locations. The system is applicable to... more
The BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) systems are terrestrial cellular PMP (point-to- multipoint) networks, wherein both the TSs (Terminal Station) and the BSs (Base Station) have fixed locations. The system is applicable to provide high-speed data for example Internet browsing or other digital services (1). The evolved SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) in BFWA is relevant influenced by the TS-BS assignment. At the applied 40 GHz frequency band besides the existing interference and noise, the precipitation causes the greatest problem, therefore the network planning procedures must consider it. A time-dependent rain event can cause SINR fluctuation, and that can result in termination of the radio links. If the communication link between TS and its serving BS is affected with heavy rain, a possible solution could be to assign these TS to another BS (BS diversity). This method improves the SINR condition for the effected TS, however can lead to SINR degradatio...
This paper presents an extensive path loss measurement campaign carried out in rural areas at 3.7 GHz, including line-ofsight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions. For this purpose, a commercially established fixed wireless access (FWA) network... more
This paper presents an extensive path loss measurement campaign carried out in rural areas at 3.7 GHz, including line-ofsight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions. For this purpose, a commercially established fixed wireless access (FWA) network is exploited, operating with time-division long term evolution configuration. Furthermore, various models are examined and validated regarding their ability to predict accurately the path loss. The results reveal that the standard propagation model (SPM) achieves the best performance, thus being an attractive option for planning rural FWA links. The WINNER II and 3GPP/ITU-R models exhibit very good performance, as well. From the statistical assessment, the shadow fading follows the Lognormal distribution with a standard between 4.6 and 5.4 dB. An almost excellent fit is obtained regardless of the diverse propagation conditions in the specific area. Finally, from the model evaluation was concluded that SPM is highly recommended as the best option for a precise network dimensioning and planning.
In June 2002, Nigeria held a sealed bid combinatorial auction for regional fixed wireless access (FWA) licences. This was the first time that combinatorial bidding has been used for allocating radio spectrum. The choice of format was... more
In June 2002, Nigeria held a sealed bid combinatorial auction for regional fixed wireless access (FWA) licences. This was the first time that combinatorial bidding has been used for allocating radio spectrum. The choice of format was influenced by the outcome of an initial ...
Fixed wireless access systems operating below 11 GHz have the potential to provide broadband wireless access for non line-of-sight operation. In this paper the performance of a typical broadband fixed wireless system based on the IEEE... more
Fixed wireless access systems operating below 11 GHz have the potential to provide broadband wireless access for non line-of-sight operation. In this paper the performance of a typical broadband fixed wireless system based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 specifications is determined. A scenario for business applications with outdoor customer premises equipment is investigated in the 3.5 GHz frequency band. Different path loss models and terrain types are considered. Coverage and throughput in a sector are determined for this business scenario
This paper looks into coexistence and sharing between systems as a recently critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum scarcity. At WRC-07, ITU-R allocated 3400-3600 MHz band for the coming fourth generation (4G) or... more
This paper looks into coexistence and sharing between systems as a recently critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum scarcity. At WRC-07, ITU-R allocated 3400-3600 MHz band for the coming fourth generation (4G) or IMT-Advanced on a co-primary basis along with existing Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) systems. Therefore, coexistence and sharing requirements like separation distance and frequency separation coordination must be achieved in terms of both co-channel and adjacent channel frequencies. Co-sited the two base stations antennas and non co-sited coexistence of the twos systems are investigated. The interference analysis models, adjacent channel interference ratio ACIR and spectrum emission mask are applied in the mentioned band to extract the additional isolation needed to protect adjacent channel interference. Also interference to noise ratio as a standard interference criteria is introduced and possible engineering solutions are suggested and explained at last.
Within a competitive context the wireless local loop is emerging as an alternative to the traditional wireline network. This solution is attractive because of its low capital cost and its flexible deployment. Nevertheless a propagation... more
Within a competitive context the wireless local loop is emerging as an alternative to the traditional wireline network. This solution is attractive because of its low capital cost and its flexible deployment. Nevertheless a propagation channel study has to be performed so ...
Frequency intersystem interference is a phenomenon caused by coexistence of multiple wireless systems in same or adjacent areas. Consequently, frequency sharing studies play a very important rule in order to use limited spectrum resources... more
Frequency intersystem interference is a phenomenon caused by coexistence of multiple wireless systems in same or adjacent areas. Consequently, frequency sharing studies play a very important rule in order to use limited spectrum resources efficiently. Because an International Mobile Telecommunication-Advanced (IMT-Advanced) systems are going to use 3500 MHz according to World Radiocommunication Conferences 2007 (WRC-07) decision along with point-to-point Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) system, which currently allocated in the same band, the frequency sharing between IMT-Advanced and FWA is essential. This paper investigates the spectrum sharing requirements in different terrestrial areas using interference to noise ratio criterion. Three methods of investigation of the interference, co-channel, null-guard band, and adjacent channel, have been proposed to investigate the phenomenon in the frequency and space domains to obtain correlation between the minimum separated range of base statio...
This paper is intended to provide an overview of wireless local loop (wll) today, ie the access to final customers through radio systems; this domain covers a wide range of applications, from telephony in rural areas or in developing... more
This paper is intended to provide an overview of wireless local loop (wll) today, ie the access to final customers through radio systems; this domain covers a wide range of applications, from telephony in rural areas or in developing countries to broadband ...
Sehubungan belum tercapainya target rencana pita lebar Indonesia, dan arahan Presiden Republik Indonesia untuk mempercepat transformasi digital nasional maka perlu dibuatkan beberapa solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut... more
Sehubungan belum tercapainya target rencana pita lebar Indonesia, dan arahan Presiden Republik Indonesia untuk mempercepat transformasi digital nasional maka perlu dibuatkan beberapa solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diantaranya melalui penggunaan layanan Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) berbasis teknologi 5G. Terdapat 2 jenis penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi yang dapat menyelenggarakan jasa teleponi dasar dan membangun jaringan akses yang terhubung ke pelanggan yakni penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler dan penyelenggara jaringan tetap lokal. Ke 2 jenis penyelenggaraan ini memiliki kesempatan yang sama dalam menyelenggarakan layanan FWA berbasis teknologi 5G. Oleh karenanya perlu dikaji Analisis Startegi Penyelenggaraan Fixed Wireless Access berbasis Teknologi 5G oleh Penyelenggara Jaringan Telekomunikasi tersebut mengingat keterbatasan alokasi spekturm frekuensi radio yang digunakan. Dalam Kajian ini metode yang digunakan adalah pengunaan metoda analisis SWOT. Hasil kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa jaringan tetap lokal maupun jaringan bergerak seluler dapat menyelenggarakan layanan FWA berbasis teknologi 5G. Namun demikian, dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi jaringan bergerak seluler eksisting yang sangat luas dan basis pelanggannya yang besar maka pada tahap awal penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler dapat diberikan prioritas dalam rencana penggunaan alokasi spectrum frekuensi radio untuk penyelenggaraan layanan FWA yang berbasis teknologi 5G.
Keywords – Jaringan Telekomunikasi, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), teknologi 5G, analisis SWOT
The BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) systems are terrestrial cellular PMP (point-to- multipoint) networks, wherein both the TSs (Terminal Station) and the BSs (Base Station) have fixed locations. The system is applicable to... more
The BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) systems are terrestrial cellular PMP (point-to- multipoint) networks, wherein both the TSs (Terminal Station) and the BSs (Base Station) have fixed locations. The system is applicable to provide high-speed data for example Internet browsing or other digital services (1). The evolved SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) in BFWA is relevant influenced by the TS-BS assignment. At the applied 40 GHz frequency band besides the existing interference and noise, the precipitation causes the greatest problem, therefore the network planning procedures must consider it. A time-dependent rain event can cause SINR fluctuation, and that can result in termination of the radio links. If the communication link between TS and its serving BS is affected with heavy rain, a possible solution could be to assign these TS to another BS (BS diversity). This method improves the SINR condition for the effected TS, however can lead to SINR degradatio...
This paper presents an extensive path loss measurement campaign carried out in rural areas at 3.7 GHz, including line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions. For this purpose, a commercially established fixed wireless access (FWA) network... more
This paper presents an extensive path loss measurement campaign carried out in rural areas at 3.7 GHz, including line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS conditions. For this purpose, a commercially established fixed wireless access (FWA) network is exploited, operating with time-division long term evolution configuration. Furthermore, various models are examined and validated regarding their ability to predict accurately the path loss. The results reveal that the standard propagation model (SPM) achieves the best performance, thus being an attractive option for planning rural FWA links. The WINNER II and 3GPP/ITU-R models exhibit very good performance, as well. From the statistical assessment, the shadow fading follows the Lognormal distribution with a standard between 4.6 and 5.4 dB. An almost excellent fit is obtained regardless of the diverse propagation conditions in the specific area. Finally, from the model evaluation was concluded that SPM is highly recommended as the best option for a precise network dimensioning and planning.
Frequency intersystem interference is a phenomenon caused by coexistence of multiple wireless systems in same or adjacent areas. Consequently, frequency sharing studies play a very important rule in order to use limited spectrum resources... more
Frequency intersystem interference is a phenomenon caused by coexistence of multiple wireless systems in same or adjacent areas. Consequently, frequency sharing studies play a very important rule in order to use limited spectrum resources efficiently. Because an International Mobile Telecommunication-Advanced (IMT-Advanced) systems are going to use 3500 MHz according to World Radiocommunication Conferences 2007 (WRC-07) decision along with point-to-point Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) system, which currently allocated in the same band, the frequency sharing between IMT-Advanced and FWA is essential. This paper investigates the spectrum sharing requirements in different terrestrial areas using interference to noise ratio criterion. Three methods of investigation of the interference, co-channel, null-guard band, and adjacent channel, have been proposed to investigate the phenomenon in the frequency and space domains to obtain correlation between the minimum separated range of base statio...
The paper describes the broadband evolution especially in Western Europe. The broadband penetra- tion is separated into the business and residential markets and forecasting models are developed for both markets and also for the main... more
The paper describes the broadband evolution especially in Western Europe. The broadband penetra- tion is separated into the business and residential markets and forecasting models are developed for both markets and also for the main broadband technologies DSL, Cable modem (Hybrid Fibre Coax), FTTx and Fixed Wireless Access. The FTTx deployment and demand in Western Europe are to a certain degree suppressed by uncertain regulatory framework for fibre accesses. The influence of mobile broad- band is discussed. Finally, analyses show that the cost of Fixed Wireless Access is high, indicating that the technology only will be competitive in areas which cannot be covered by DSL and cable modem.
This paper deals with the Interference between Fixed Satellite Service Earth Station (FSS-ES) receiver and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) in term of possible separation distance, for Malaysian environment. The study began with detailed... more
This paper deals with the Interference between Fixed Satellite Service Earth Station (FSS-ES) receiver and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) in term of possible separation distance, for Malaysian environment. The study began with detailed clarification of worldwide regulatory and C-Band user history. Subsequently, detailed calculations of the current and most useful formulas for path loss effect and clutter loss by using
... M 08 Co-Channel Interference for Site Diversity during heavy Rain in LMDS System Kusay Al-tabatabaie 1 , Din J 2 , Nor Hisham Haji Khamis 3 and Md.Rafi Ul Islam 4 Wireless Communication Center, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UTM,... more
... M 08 Co-Channel Interference for Site Diversity during heavy Rain in LMDS System Kusay Al-tabatabaie 1 , Din J 2 , Nor Hisham Haji Khamis 3 and Md.Rafi Ul Islam 4 Wireless Communication Center, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UTM, Skudai, Johor 81310 Malaysia. ...
In a BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) the evolved SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) is relevant influenced by the applied duplex method. The TDD (Time Division Duplex), especially adaptive TDD method has some... more
In a BFWA (Broadband Fixed Wireless Access Network) the evolved SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) is relevant influenced by the applied duplex method. The TDD (Time Division Duplex), especially adaptive TDD method has some advantage contrary to FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), for example the spectrum efficiency and flexibility. However these methods are suffering several new interference situations that can't occur in a FDD system. This leads to reduced SINR in the covered area what could cause some connection outages. Therefore, countermeasure techniques against interference are necessary to apply in TDD systems. Synchronization is one way to handling the interference. In this paper the TDD systems - applying different system synchronization degree - will be compared by the evolved SINR at different locations of the BFWA service area and the percentage of the covered area by the system.
