Gagauzia

The post-Soviet area is a home for a several de facto states, which are entities that resemble " normal " states but lack international recognition. This paper examines a historical and under-researched case study of the Gagauz Republic (Gagauzia), a de facto state that existed within Moldova between 1990 and 1995. Drawing on a new suite of sources – interviews, memoirs and journalism – it analyses the territorial, military , political, and socioeconomic dimensions of the Gagauz de facto statehood, tracing how the Gagauz authorities proceeded in consolidating Gagauzia's statehood through processes of state-and nation-building. This study concludes that the Gagauz leadership was moderately successful in its activities.

Ozet
Bu bildiride, Gagavuz Yeri’ni de yakından ilgilendiren Doğu Avrupa’daki gelişmelerin kuresel bağlamı analiz edilecektir. Unlu siyaset bilimci A. F. K. Organski, Soğuk Savaş devam ederken yaptığı calışmalarda uluslararası sistemdeki buyuk değişimleri acıklayan bir teori ortaya koymuştur. 1958’de yayınladığı “World Politics”te yer alan “Guc Gecişi” teorisi, tum uluslararası sistemi etkileyen catışmaların hangi şartlarda ortaya cıktığı sorusuna odaklanmaktadır. Organski, realizm/neorealizmin varsayımlarının aksine gucun dengelenme surecinin catışmayı engellemediğini aksine catışma ihtimalini arttırdığını savunmaktadır. Organski’ye gore, uluslararası sistemin temel yapısı hiyerarşiktir. En tepede, gucun muhtelif parametreleri bakımından zirvede yer alan lider/hegemon bulunmaktadır. Guc piramidinin ikinci tabakasında buyuk gucler, daha altında orta buyuklukteki gucler ve diğer ulkeler yer alırlar. Buyuk guclerden biri ekonomik dinamikler acısından lider ulkeye yaklaştığında riskli doneme de girilmiş olmaktadır. Bu evrede, eğer yukselen guc, hegemonun inşa ettiği sistem icindeki konumundan hoşnutsuzsa, catışma riski artmaktadır. Organski’yi ve teorisinin belirli bolumlerini ilginc kılan ozellikler arasında Cin’in yukselişi acısından kritik bir tarih olarak 2010’lu yılları gostermesi yer alıyor. Sanayileşmenin kalabalık nufusla birleştiğinde buyuk gucleri tarih sahnesine cıkardığına dikkat ceken Organski’nin cizdiği cerceve başta ABD, Cin ve Rusya olmak uzere onemli oyuncuların son donemdeki politikalarının anlaşılması bakımından önemli ipucları veriyor. Bildirimizde, Gagavuz Yeri’nin geleceğini de etkileyecek olan Doğu Avrupa’daki gelişmelerin anlaşılmasını kolaylaştıracağı duşuncesinden hareketle Organski’nin varsayımları etrafında kuresel sistemin fay hatlarında hissedilen gerginlikler mercek altına yatırılacaktır.
Abstract
In this paper, I will analyze the global context of the recent developments in the Eastern Europe, which are closely related to the future of Gagauzia. In the Cold War years, famous political scientist A. F. K. Organski posed a theory explaining the great changes in the international system. His book “World Politics” which includes “Power Transition Theory” was published in 1958. The focus of the theory is the emergence of the conditions of great conflicts which affect the whole international system. Organski, contrary to the realist/neorealist assumptions, defends that the process of power balancing does not prevent conflicts but rather increases the possibility of it. According to Organski, the main structure of the international system is hierarchical. The leader/hegemon which is the most powerful actor in terms of the different economic parameters is on the top. Great powers are located in the second tier of the power pyramid. The positions of the middle powers and the other states are below the great powers. When one of the great powers comes close to the leader with regard to the economic dynamics the risky period begins. In this period, the possibility of conflict increases if the rising power feels itself uncomfortable within the system designed by the leader. One of the aspects which makes Organski’s theory interesting is that he cites 2010 as a critical date for the rise of China. The framework pictured by the Organski who underlines that industrialization of the densely populated countries gives birth to great powers, offers important hints to explain the current policies of significant players like U.S., China and Russia. In this paper, we will put the stresses which grow through the fault lines of the global system under the spotlight to contribute the explanatory efforts on current Eastern European geopolitics which has close ties with the Gagauzia by using the main framework of Organski.

The situation that has developed in the region’s economy under
the influence of the coronavirus pandemic has led to serious changes and a negative effect. The author carried out a study using a questionnaire method at 120 enterprises operating in ATU Gagauzia. The material included in the article confirms the initial assumptions about the significant negative impact on the enterprises of the situation with the introduced restrictive measures. Based on the results of the study, the author identified lessons for the future development of the region’s economy.

Özet Gagauzya ya da Gagauz Yeri, Moldova Cumhuriyeti'ne bağlı özerk bir cumhuriyettir. Moldova içerisinde yaşayan Türk kökenli bir azınlık olan Gagauzların yaşadığı bu coğrafya, uluslararası literatürde Transdinyester bölgesi ile birlikte Moldova'daki ayrılıkçı bölgeler olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Gagauzlar Türk kökenli bir halk olmalarının yanında daha çok Rusya etkisinde bulunmuş ve Rusça'nın etkin olduğu bir bölge haline gelmiştir. Gagauzya'nın çeşitli dönemlerde talep ettiği bağımsızlık, 90'lı yıllarda yaşadığı özerklik süreci ile son yıllarda bölgede yapılan anket ve gayrı resmi referandumlarda çıkan ayrılıkçı ya da Avrupa karşıtı sonuçlar, bölgenin gelecekte çeşitli krizlere sahne olma potansiyelini göstermektedir. Ayrıca bazı araştırmacıların Rusya'nın Kırım'ı işgalinin ardından benzer senaryoları Transdinyester ve Gagauzya için de uygulayacağı düşüncelerini ortaya koymaları da bu tartışmaları alevlendirdi. Çalışmamızda bu bağlamda Gagauzya'nın Moldova siyasetindeki ve dış politikasındaki yeri değerlendirilecektir. Abstract Gagauzia or " Gagauz Yeri " is an autonomous region of the Republic of Moldova. This territory, where the Gagauzian minority of Turkish origin lives, and the region of Transnistria / Trans-Dniester are referred to as the separatist regions of Moldova in international literature. The Gagauz people, although descending from the Turks, have been under the great influence of Russia and the Russian language. The independence claims of Gagauzia from time to time, the autonomy it gained in 1990s, and the separatist or anti-European results of surveys and unofficial referendums recently conducted in the region demonstrate that Gagauzia has the potential of witnessing several crises in the future. Besides, this debate has been exacerbated after some scholars asserted that Russia could occupy Gagauzia and Trans-Dniester just like Crimea. Within this framework, this study shall evaluate the role of Gagauzia in Moldovan politics and Moldovan foreign policy.

In the given article is presented historiographical review of scientific works were specific of Gagauz folklore is reflected. Author comes to a conclusion that in this field as in other spheries of traditional cultura are kept stratifications of different epoches, connected with a stages of Gagauz ethnic history, ethnocultural mutually influence with
other peoples. Combination Southenslavian and Turkic traditions original and specific character of Gagauz folklor is formed (created).

In this article, the author provide analysis of the legal norms in the field of regional investment legislation, makes a comparison of the previous and current laws through the prism of building a regional investment management system. Negative moments and gaps were revealed in order to improve the regional legislation in Gagauzia in the future.
ISBN 978-9975-83-115-4.082:378=135.1=111=161.1 П 781

Оценка потенциала и перспектив развития овцеводства и козоводства в АТО Гагаузия (Гагауз Ери) Республики Молдова. / Кюркчу В.; отв. за вып.: Владимир Кара. - Комрат: Б. и., 2020 (Tipogr. "MS Logo"). - 36p. ISBN 978-9975-3327-9-8.
338.439:638.1(478-29) K858.
This paper discover actual situation on sheep and goat production in Gagauzia region, analysis of problems in the sector, SWOT-analysis of sheep and goat production. On the end of this research author proposed recommendation for farmers, Association of sheep and goat owners of Gagauzia and for regional authorities of Gagauzia for future development.

Abstract: Part of a broader research, this paper studies the influence of Turkey on the Gagauz in order to shed light on the place of Gagauzia in the Turkic world and the place of the Turkic world in Gagauzia. In this regard, the study looks into the Turkic world narrative of Gagauz political, cultural and intellectual figures, as well as the soft power initiatives of the Turkic world driven by Turkey.

This publication discusses the approaches and directions that have found implementation in the development of the Strategy of social and economic development of Gagauzia 2009-2015. Priorities are identified and results are assessed in the process of developing and implementing a strategic document. At the end of the publication, the author makes recommendations for improving the process of strategic planning in the autonomy.

In  this  article,  I  consider  a  new  approach  that  can  be  used  to  build  regional economic  policy.  The current  situation  of  economic  development  makes  new demands  on  the  process  of  determining  priorities  in  development,  which  later becomes key elements in decision-making at the state and regional levels. It is important  to  apply  different  methods  and  techniques  for  collecting  and processing information. In 2019, a study was carried out to estimate the opinion of  the  expert  community  (50  people)  about  the  problems  and  priorities  of economic  development  in  a  particular  region,  an  example  of  which  was  the autonomous-territorial  unit  Gagauzia  (Gagauz  Yeri)  of  the  Republic  of Moldova. Based on the results obtained, the author presented the results of the study  and  developed  recommendations  for  the  application  of  the  expert approach  in  the  future,  when  regional  authorities  develop  strategic  decisions and elaborate the documents at the regional level.