Gaps

This publication presents unofficial English interpretation of the original Russian versionof the Set of lectures on International Development Cooperation (Содействие международному развитию. Курс лекций / Под редакцией В.И. Бартенева и Е.Н. Глазуновой. Москва: Всемирный банк, 2012.)

“YOU, the U-Bomb, or ‘YOU-Bomb goes Kabloom’: An Essay on Anonymity, Risibility, & Quantum Subjectivity,” published without author page-proofs ∴ with many odd glitches and with sections that had been deleted in the final draft (oh well!) in The Canadian Review of Comparative Literature Vol XXIII, Issue II, 1996, pp. 426-455 (submitted just prior to beginning a Masters/M.A. in Comparative Literature).

Stockholm International Water Institute was contracted by the World Bank in August 2012 to undertake an Independent Evaluation of the Nile Basin Trust Fund (NBTF). The purpose of the evaluation is to identify lessons learned and to help the Bank and the NBTF partners improve the overall performance of future engagement with the NBI and similar River Basin Organizations. The overall purpose of the NBTF was to assist in the preparation and/or implementation of the NBI Strategic Action Program, which is comprised of the Shared Vision Programme (SVP) and the two Subsidiary Action Programmes (SAPs). Over the NBTF period from January 2003 to December 2012, the ten participating development partners pledged and provided USD 191.74 million to the NBI. A result framework helps measure progress towards strategic objectives as well as to achieve them, but in the case of the NBTF there is no over-all results framework. The Independent Evaluation Team (IE-Team) has based the evaluation on progre...

This paper deals with the cutting force monitoring for intelligent end milling operations. The authors have employed displacement sensors to monitor the cutting forces, as they are cheap and small enough to be built in the spindle structure. A monitoring method, which utilizes sensitive displacement sensors, is discussed. The sensors are installed in X Y directions near the front bearings of the spindle, to detect the small displacements of a spindle caused by cutting forces. Monitoring tests are carried out under end milling operations and the cutting forces are estimated from the displacement signals by the simple signal processing technique. However, as the displacement sensor measures the variation of the gap size between the sensor head and the target surface, it also records displacements due to error motion of a spindle's axis of rotation in radial direction and roundness errors of the target surface. By comparing the cutting force estimated from displacement sensors with the cutting force measured by using a dynamometer, the machine tool spindle error motions is investigated, and its compensation scheme is proposed. The test results show that the monitoring system is reliable for the adaptive control of machining accuracy for end milling process.

www.doaj.org/doaj?func=fulltext&aId=824752

This paper presents a conformal mapping approach to the study of planar Stokes flows near a wall with either one or two gaps. The technique reproduces, in a unified fashion, analytical solutions for various Stokes flows past a single gap in a wall found by previous authors ...

This article tests the hypothesis that judicial arbitrariness dominated alimony or child support appeals in the pre-no-fault era by analyzing data on all alimony and child support appeals in the District of Columbia from 1950 through 1980. Censored regression analysis is used to isolate the impacts of race and morals grounds for divorce on changes in alimony and child support awards from trial to appeal. The results show large race effects but small morals effects. Judicial discretion—measured by unexplained gaps in awards—dominated relevant eco nomic factors in determining changes in alimony and child support awards during the pre-no-fault era.

Changes in land-use have resulted in the decline of many formerly common plants of nutrient-poor grasslands in Europe. Recently, extensification schemes have been applied at sites in order to restore former habitat conditions. However, the establishment of rare and endangered plants is often severely limited by the lack of propagules both in the seed bank and in the surrounding landscape. For such species deliberate introductions may be necessary to overcome these limitations. In a 7-year study, we assessed the importance of gaps created by sod cutting, of plant stage, and of plant origin for the restoration of populations of Scorzonera humilis, a threatened long-lived plant of nutrient-poor, wet grasslands. The effect of gaps on seedling emergence and survival varied strongly among the 12 sites. Gaps increased survival at nutrient-rich, but reduced it at nutrient-poor sites. Remarkably, young plants grown for only 5 weeks in the laboratory and transplanted into the same sites had much higher survival than seedlings from seeds sown and there were no differences in survival between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor sites. The field performance of the plants from the various populations of origin varied depending on the site into which they were transplanted, indicating genotype by environment interactions and genetic differentiation among populations, but there was no home-site advantage. While sowing only succeeded in producing adult plants in five sites, transplanting succeeded at 10 sites. Our results suggest that transplanting young plants could be a much more effective and faster way to establish new populations than sowing seeds.

A phylogenetic hypothesis for the lepidopteran superfamily Noctuoidea was inferred based on the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of 12 species (six newly sequenced). The monophyly of each noctuoid family in the latest classification was well supported. Novel and robust relationships were recovered at the family level, in contrast to previous analyses using nuclear genes. Erebidae was recovered as sister to (Nolidae+(Euteliidae+Noctuidae)), while Notodontidae was sister to all these taxa (the putatively basalmost lineage Oenosandridae was not included). In order to improve phylogenetic resolution using mt genomes, various analytical approaches were tested: Bayesian inference (BI) vs. maximum likelihood (ML), excluding vs. including RNA genes (rRNA or tRNA), and Gblocks treatment. The evolutionary signal within mt genomes had low sensitivity to analytical changes. Inference methods had the most significant influence. Inclusion of tRNAs positively increased the congruence of topolog...

We show that bounded forcing axioms (for instance, the Bounded Proper Forcing Axiom and the Bounded Semiproper Forcing Axiom) are consistent with the existence of (ω2,ω2)-gaps and thus do not imply the Open Coloring Axiom. They are also consistent with Jensen's combinatorial principles for L at the level ω2, and therefore with the existence of an ω2-Suslin tree. We also show that the axiom we call implies , as well as a stationary reflection principle which has many of the consequences of Martin's Maximum for objects of size . Finally, we give an example of a so-called boldface bounded forcing axiom implying .

Considering the critic aspects of the Contemporary Portuguese Literature, we intend to analyze the recent novel Caim, written by José Saramago. In this article we are going to see how the novel is constructed of a revisionist way to put into question the sacred, benevolent and religious characters of the common reading of the biblical myth of Cain. In a brief comparison between the religious text and the novel, we will discuss the ways in which such work fiddles with some gaps and biblical dogmas, subverting certain parts of the Old Testament.

The Prototype City is an idea of design.
It is also a fragmented project.
It is the image of architectural and urban design which does not want to leave paper but explores its metanarrative and urban hypertext.
The plot is the in-between.
It helps Object-City to answer the gaps of contemporary city.
This system of gaps is cinema’s legacy.
The Prototype City wants to be cinema as thought in a screen.

Este estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Mata do Paraíso, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram selecionadas 10 clareiras naturais com diferentes tamanhos. No centro das clareiras e numa faixa de 5 m de sub-bosque (entorno) ao redor destas foram obtidas fotografias hemisféricas digitais. Através dessas fotografias, foram calculadas as áreas das clareiras e a sua correspondente abertura de dossel e dos seus entornos. No interior das clareiras e nos seus entornos foram amostrados todos os indivíduos com altura > 1,00 m e diâmetro na altura de 1,30 m do solo (DAP) inferior a 5,00 cm. Constatou-se a predominância de pequenas clareiras com áreas inferiores a 100 m² e com pequena abertura do dossel nas quais predominam as mesmas espécies típicas dos estádios finais de sucessão tolerantes à sombra e abundantes no sub-bosque ao redor dessas clareiras. No conjunto das clareiras foram amostrados 759 indivíduos, distribuídos em 69 espécies pertencentes a 28 famílias botânicas. ...

This article will compare a historical document, the Relationship (1497) of Alvaro Velho, with a literary work, the Peregrinação de Barnabé das Índias (1998) of a contemporary Portuguese writer called Mario Claudio. The reason for this comparison is that, seeing the documentary's first trip to India images, summarized with splendor in its military power and technicality in the exhibition of new scripts, calculations and navigation practices, what we have in reality is a great silence on physical and mental weaknesses of the crew, as well as a silent about the view of the eastern communities that received such company. Not to mention the possible censure that the relationship had passed after the end of the company, especially hiding the negatives points, which are completely absent from the historical version considered official . Is in the gray area of this historical episode that the great novelist mentioned seems to have found his field. The lack of concrete data on this journey of discovery, he appealed to the contextualization, especially when he explore a possible historical imaginary around the episode. Sensible to the research of cultural history, Mário Cláudio invested in the mental habits and in the fantastic forms that reappear in almost all areas of the Renaissance current life. So he invests in a denser representation of the Gama’s trip, integrating it to a complex historical imaginary.

The long-term effects of logging treatments on rainforest regeneration are difficult to quantify due to compounding interactions with natural dynamics, site characteristics and tree species. The aim of this study was to examine regeneration differences over a 36-year period in stands subjected to various levels of disturbance ranging from natural, through an increasing intensity of individual tree removal to intensive logging. Multivariate and univariate analyses of trees ¡Ý 10 cm diameter at 1.3 m above the ground (dbh) showed that regeneration responses were generally correlated with disturbance gradient. In the undisturbed controls there were gradual changes that had no significant effects on tree species richness and diversity, stem density, or diameter distribution. Gradual changes were also observed during the early stages of regeneration following logging. However, in logged sites changes in tree species richness and diversity, stem density and diameter distribution became mo...

Sumário: §1. O problema das lacunas do ordenamento jurídico: imprecisão dos termos em que frequentemente se coloca. — §2. O problema não concerne às matérias do ordenamento jurídico. — §3. e nem tampouco às suas normas. Crítica de outas opiniões. — §4. Possibilidade de lacunas institucionais. Independência de tais lacunas em relação à existência ou não de regras que as prevejam. — §5. Possibilidade excepcional de lacunas em relação aos sujeitos.

Ecuador has achieved great progress in terms of quality, inclusion and relevance of Higher Education. However, the higher education system still shows deep gaps which reproduce the structural characteristics
of the economic and demographic asymmetry of the country. This study explores the conception of education as a human right and public assets. From this perspective, the study explores the challenges that the higher education system faces. The analysis starts from the data presented by the entities in charge of higher education, and subjects it to a critical reading while presenting ways to regionalize the impacts of the higher education institutions in Ecuador. The data is contrasted with the different social, legal, planning, and development the Ecuadorian framework as well as the international framework
(UNESCO and the UN documents among others).

In two related field studies: (1) a multiscale riparian forest inventory and (2) a comparative study of natural forest gap and nongap environments, we explored regeneration patterns of native riparian trees in relation to large- and small-scale ecological drivers in four western Oregon watersheds spanning a climatic gradient from dry to wet. Twenty-three tree species were classified by life history traits into five functional groups that differed in shade and drought tolerance; distribution and abundance of tree regeneration were analyzed by group. For most groups, seedling abundance varied substantially across the large scale climate gradient. In particular, drought tolerant species decreased sharply in abundance from the drier to wetter watersheds. Overall seedling frequency and diversity also decreased from the driest to wettest watersheds, while nurse log use increased. Regeneration of most, but not all, species was greater in gaps.Principal conclusions are that life history information was useful for categorizing species and quite predictive of regeneration behavior overall, yet for many species contextual factors such as climate, forest structure, and adjoining species were also very important. Species appeared to regenerate opportunistically wherever local conditions fell within their environmental tolerances and competitive abilities. Management or restoration of riparian forests, therefore, requires knowledge of site conditions, the life history of the riparian trees present, and in particular an understanding of the species’ environmental tolerances, disturbance responses, and competitive abilities relative to one another.► Regeneration frequency of most riparian trees showed strong geographic variation. ► Classification by life history traits aided the prediction of riparian tree regeneration behavior. ► Most riparian tree species showed increased regeneration in gap environments. ► Most riparian tree species showed opportunistic rather than fixed regeneration patterns. ► Riparian management will be improved by site-specific study of regeneration dynamics.