Software requirement engineering and evolution essential to software development process, which defines and elaborates what is to be built in a project. Requirements are mostly written in text and will later evolve to fine-grained and... more
Software requirement engineering and evolution essential to software development process, which defines and elaborates what is to be built in a project. Requirements are mostly written in text and will later evolve to fine-grained and actionable artifacts with details about system configurations, technology stacks, etc. Tracing the evolution of requirements enables stakeholders to determine the origin of each requirement and understand how well the software's design reflects to its requirements. Reckoning requirements traceability is not a trivial task, a machine learning approach is used to classify traceability between various associated requirements. In particular, a 2-learner, ontology-based, pseudo-instances-enhanced approach, where two classifiers are trained to separately exploit two types of features, lexical features and features derived from a hand-built ontology, is investigated for such task. The hand-built ontology is also leveraged to generate pseudo training instances to improve machine learning results. In comparison to a supervised baseline system that uses only lexical features, our approach yields a relative error reduction of 56.0%. Most interestingly, results do not deteriorate when the hand-built ontology is replaced with its automatically constructed counterpart.
This article facilitates deeper insight into label-related consumer information acquisition behaviour. An integrated framework of label information search (LIS) has been developed based on a synthesis of related literature and explorative... more
This article facilitates deeper insight into label-related consumer information acquisition behaviour. An integrated framework of label information search (LIS) has been developed based on a synthesis of related literature and explorative research conducted by analysing online discussions among customers (netnography). The framework focuses on three main groups of personal factors that serve as antecedents of LIS: general personal factors (e.g. health consciousness and socio-demographics), label-related personal factors (e.g. label-related self-efficacy, trust in labels and the perceived usefulness of labels) and product category-related personal factors (trust in food products, enduring involvement, experience and perceived quality differences). Important characteristics of the framework are its process-oriented nature and the dynamically changing relationships among its concepts. LIS is an antecedent to and a consequence of influencing factors. This article offers managerial implications and serves to incite future inquiry in this field.
The discovery in the 1980s of the pathogenesis’ mechanisms of Agrobacterium tumefaciens led to transgenesis, a technique for increasing the diversity of traits that could be used in plant breeding. Various other means of plant... more
The discovery in the 1980s of the pathogenesis’ mechanisms of Agrobacterium tumefaciens led to transgenesis, a technique for increasing the diversity of traits that could be used in plant breeding. Various other means of plant transformation were then implemented. This new technique came when in vitro mutagenesis was stalled due to the lack of mutations’ screening systems until the description in 2000 of the Tilling technique which was then followed by various developments. Consumers received the genetically modified organisms (GMO) products resulting from these artefactual transformations in different ways in different countries. In European countries with a long culinary tradition and numerous products under official quality labels, the precautionary principle, which had previously prevailed in third countries, was introduced in the face of these new techniques which at the time had lacked any history of safe use. From then on, these GMOs were only produced and marketed after a risk assessment. In addition, labelling and traceability, according to the farm-to-fork approach, are required with specific and general post-market environmental monitoring. This chapter describes the scientific, technical and regulatory framework of this European traceability system, which allows all European consumers to make informed choices about their food. Moreover, this traceability approach enables the coexistence of GM and non-GM supply chains and should thus make it possible to avoid mixing food products with those for pharmaceutical, functional food or industrial use. The framework we describe in this chapter must be used to deal with the traceability of "new" GMOs and "hidden" GMOs. GMOs resulting from in vitro mutagenesis of isolated cells and NBT techniques, so named by the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and farmers' union that brought the dispute before the French Conseil d’Etat in 2015 engendered a conflict that led to the European Court of Justice recalling the 2001/18 directive’s definition of GMOs in 2018. The feasibility of this traceability of these "hidden" and "new" GMOs is discussed in the next chapter.
