Global Engineering

Environmental pollution is the global issue that results in adverse effects on living beings. It is one of the major concern areas for the whole world. During preparation of cotton woven fabric before dyeing mainly involves desizing, scouring and bleaching. Each process drains a plethora of chemicals along with water, in the effluent stream. The released chemicals by the global textile industry are continuously doing unimaginable harm to the environment. The focus of this research is to investigate the opportunities to prevent the pollution by recycling and reusing, the water and chemicals without addition of any treatment.

Abstract-The present paper, discuss one of the most challenging subjects for the management namely production planning. It appears to be a hierarchical process ranging from long to medium to short term decisions. Production planning models are divided into two categories which ...

This paper is about the development and implementation of a GSM based password protected control system for electrical home appliances that enables to control remotely. GSM module is used for receiving short message service (SMS) from user’s mobile phone that automatically enable the controller to take any further action such as to switch ON or OFF the home appliances such as lights, airconditioners, fans, water pumps, door locks, TVs etc. Hardware of the system has been developed using an Arduino Uno board, a GSM modules, some switching relays and some other easily available electronic components. The driving software has been made using the Arduino IDE. The system is activated when only the user sends the SMS to the controller at home with the exact password. Upon receiving the SMS command, the microcontroller unit will decode the received SMS automatically and controls the electrical home appliances by switching ON or OFF the device according to the user direction. The ON and OFF...

Hydropower, large and small, remains by far the most important of the “renewable” for electrical power production worldwide. Small-scale hydro is in most cases “run-of-river”, with no dam, and is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally benign energy technologies to be considered both for rural electrification in less developed countries and developed countries for further hydro developments countries(like Ethiopia). This paper addresses power generation for rural applications by means of small hydropower plants by using cross-flow turbine systems .The cross-flow turbine is suitable for installing small hydro-electric power plants in case of low head and flow rate. Using mathematical analysis a complete design of such turbines has been done in this paper.

T his paper reports the potential of watermelon seed as a natural coagulant for water treatment. It was aimed at identifying watermelon seed as a possible replacement for alum and other synthetic polyelectrolytes in treating water. Laboratory scale studies using jar test experiments were performed on medium turbid water to determine the effect of dosage, pH stirring time and speed on coagulation. Results obtained showed that at dosage of 0.1g/L, pH of 7.0, stirring time of 8 minutes and mixing speed of 100rpm, optimal removal of turbidity was obtained. The reduction in turbidity was below the world health organizations (WHO) recommended value of 5NTU, however the best colour removal was not up to the WHO recommended value of 40TCU. When used in combination with alum, it caused unfavourable changes in the pH of the treated water howeverwith 20% alum as coagulant aid, the best colour and turbidity removal at acceptable pH was obtained, with residual turbidity of 0.89 NTU and residual ...

The Acropolis of Athens is one of the most prestigious ancient monuments in the world, attracting daily many visitors, and therefore its structural integrity is of paramount importance. During the last decade an accelerographic array has been installed at the Archaeological Site, in order to monitor the seismic response of the Acropolis Hill and the dynamic behaviour of the monuments (including the Circuit Wall), while several optical fibre sensors have been attached at a middle-vertical section of the Wall. In this study, indicative real time recordings of strain and acceleration on the Wall and the Hill with the use of optical fibre sensors and accelerographs, respectively, are presented and discussed. The records aim to investigate the static and dynamic behaviour – distress of the Wall and the Acropolis Hill, taking also into account the prevailing geological conditions. The optical fibre technology, the location of the sensors, as well as the installation methodology applied is...

In order to face the grand challenge of characterizing soft and light armour material system shaving polymers and shear thickening fluids under impacts at high strain rates lead to design and development of this particular SHPB set up. The developed set up is designed for a maximum firing pressure of 300 bar of nitrogen gas and it comprises automated gas filling and firing, striker bar velocity recording and data acquisition system. Pressure bars are made of titanium alloy due to its high yield strength and reasonably lower density which could protect plastic deformation, wave dispersion and reduces impedance mismatch with the intended soft specimens, unlike maraging steel bars. The maximum stresses on the critical parts of the setup are crosschecked with simulation results and compared with corresponding yield strengths. Velocitypressure calibration of the developed setup shows higher velocities can be achieved at any particular pressure, when it is compared with the existing publi...

Accurate and reliable information about land use and land cover is essential for change detection and monitoring of the specified area. It is also useful in the updating the geographical information about the area. Over the past decade, a significant amount of research has been conducted concerning the application of different classifier and image fusion technique in this area. In this paper, introductions to the land use and land cover classification techniques are given and the results from a number of different techniques are compared. It has been found that, in general fusion technique perform better than either conventional classifier or supervised/unsupervised classification.

In this paper ongoing production process layout of jute industry are studied and a new layout will be developed based on the systematic layout planning pattern theory to reduce production cost and increase productivity. The number of equipment and travelling area of material in yarn production have been analyzed. The detailed study of the plant layout such as operation process chart, activity relationship chart and relationship between equipment and area has been investigated. The new plant layout has been designed and compared with existing plant layout. The new plant layout shows that the distance and overall cost of material flow from stores to dispatch area are significantly decreased.

The study investigates impact of hostile weather conditions on performance and viability of solar farm establishment in Nigeria. This was done on two different PV Modules of 10MW capacity using NASA radiation data for six (6) different locations (Abuja, Birnin-Kebbi, Enugu, Lagos, Port Harcourt and Maiduguri) in Nigeria. RET Screen clean energy software was used in the simulation. The results show dependence of Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) on Solar Irradiation among other design and technological factors like Controlled tracking of PV Module and type. Other Factors like air temperature, wind speed, elevation from horizon and latitude of the location that affect irradiation are also investigated. The findings showed that increasing the output of the system by increasing the capacity of PV module does not affect CUF but attract additional cost, thus making solar farm in hostile environment costly. GJRE-F Classification: FOR Code: 090699 InvestigatingImpactandViabilityofHostileWea...

This paper overviews the spectrum of robotics programs at the Israel National Museum of Science, Technology and Space (MadaTech), including exhibitions for visitors and educational activities at the Gelfand Center for Model Building, Robotics & Communication. We present the 2010 robotics program and describe in detail the innovative nationwide robotics competition “OlympiYeda” developed through collaboration between MadaTech and Technion. We discuss indications of self-regulated learning, learning in a rich robotic environment, and learning through interaction with robots detected by the follow-up of learning, inspired by the competition.

The use of remote labs in undergraduate courses has been reported in literature several times since the mid 90’s. Nevertheless, very few articles present results about the learning gains obtained by students using them, especially with a large number of students, thus suggesting a lack of data concerning their pedagogical effectiveness. This paper addresses such a gap by presenting some preliminary results concerning the use of a remote laboratory, known as VISIR, in a large undergraduate course on Applied Physics, with over 500 students enrolled.

T his paper reports the potential of watermelon seed as a natural coagulant for water treatment. It was aimed at identifying watermelon seed as a possible replacement for alum and other synthetic polyelectrolytes in treating water. Laboratory scale studies using jar test experiments were performed on medium turbid water to determine the effect of dosage, pH stirring time and speed on coagulation. Results obtained showed that at dosage of 0.1g/L, pH of 7.0, stirring time of 8 minutes and mixing speed of 100rpm, optimal removal of turbidity was obtained. The reduction in turbidity was below the world health organizations (WHO) recommended value of 5NTU, however the best colour removal was not up to the WHO recommended value of 40TCU. When used in combination with alum, it caused unfavourable changes in the pH of the treated water howeverwith 20% alum as coagulant aid, the best colour and turbidity removal at acceptable pH was obtained, with residual turbidity of 0.89 NTU and residual ...

Wireless transmission is affected by fading and interference effects which can be combated with equalizer. The use of MIMO system promises good improvement in terms of spectral efficiency, link reliability and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The effect of fading and interference always causes an issue for signal recovery in wireless communication. Equalization compensates for Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) created by multipath within time dispersive channels. This paper analyzes the performance of Zero forcing method for MIMO wireless channels. The simulation results are obtained using MATLAB. The Bit Error Rate (BER) characteristics for the various transmitting and receiving antenna simulates in MATLAB and describes many advantages and disadvantages of the system. The simulation results show that the equalizer based zero forcing receivers is good for noise free channel and is successful in removing ISI.

The uptake of Public – Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the road sector in Zambia has been limited, despite the Government of the Republic of Zambia’s initiatives as far back as 2009 when the PPP Act was enacted. The paradox is that there was no study that had been conducted to determine the challenges in the implementation process. This study sought to find out the main challenges in the implementation process and to offer possible solutions. To achieve this objective, the researcher carried out a detailed literature review and utilized a purposively sampled population of experts in a semistructured interview and questionnaire survey. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Pareto’s Principle were used to analyse the collected data. The study confirmed the prevalence of implementation challenges in the road sector in Zambia. From the fourteen identified and short-listed implementation challenges, the study identified nine as the major challenges requiring attention...

This document presents a wide new way of handling a wheelchair. The wheelchairs which were being used in the present time are controlled by the persons sitting over them. The person sitting over the chair has to exert a force by his hands in order to move the chair and get to the desired location. So for the sake of the handicapped persons, a new implementation is going to be made on the wheelchair which enables the person to move the chair without applying any kind of force. The person just has to make a simple gesture using his body part (for example: hand) to move the chair. This application is done using the microcontroller and the accelerometer sensor. The physically handicapped people will have the option of controlling the system through hand gesture wirelessly from ranges up to several meters and will have the independence of using the wheelchair without the help of any other people. The project includes the locomotion of the wheelchair without the application of any externa...

The global integration and rapid applicability of supply chain concepts in manufacturing industries creates both opportunities and challenges for developing countries. The developing countries are becoming more open to adapting and accepting Western business practices. One of the important issues in this context is the use of the standard performance measurement systems. In the current literature, the capability to measure the performance of manufacturing industry operations can be seen as an important prerequisite for improvement. Companies have increased the capabilities of their performance measurement systems. The manufacturing industries in developed countries have been developed and implemented successfully multi-dimensional performance measures, and measurement systems for their business success. Whereas research results and data related to developing country's state of performance measures are very minimal. With the recent global integration and economic relevance of dev...

The effect of ball milling on the compaction and sintering of nanocrystalline copper steel powder (FC-0205) was evaluated within this work. The as-received micron-sized FC-0205 copper steel powder was subjected to High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) in an argon atmosphere at different milling times of 0, 16, 20 and 24 hours to obtain nanocrystalline structures. Unmilled, 8 and 16 hours milled powders were compacted using uniaxial die compression at pressures ranging from 274 MPa to 775 MPa to obtain a relative density range of 74% to 95%, respectively. The steel powder compacts were sintered at temperatures ranging from 400 °C to 1120 °C in high purity hydrogen and nitrogen atmospheres. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and microscopy analysis were performed on the milled powder specimens to evaluate particle size, morphology, and extent of porosity; to establish a relationship between milling time and particle size, and to establish a correlation between grain size and milling time.

Kinetic studies by batch technique were carried out using activated carbon prepared from mango seed shell for the adsorption of colour and phenol from wastewater. The data generated from the studies were used for kinetic modelling in order to determine the rate and mechanism of adsorption. The results revealed that adsorption was best fitted by the pseudo-second order model for both methylene blue (MB) and phenol adsorptions. Intra-particle diffusion kinetic plots did not pass through the origin, indicating that intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate controlling mechanism. The results showed that mango seed shell activated carbon (MSSAC) is more effective for adsorption of colour than phenol in wastewater.

This research is aimed to improve the quality of vetiver oils from smallholders in Indonesia by vacuum distillation. The most important parameters of quality mentioned are total vetiverol content and color. It was shown that vetiverol contents could be increased to achieve the required minimum content of 50%. The better the initial sample, the better the distillate obtained. Distillate fractions obeying standard vetiverol content could be obtained with yield of 60%~80%. Although the initial samples were black in color, the distillates had appearance from yellow to reddish brown, as required by the standard, with Gardner scales of color ranging from 10.8 to 14.7. Distillation, however, slightly disturbed the achievement of other parameters including density, acid number and ester number. Lower distillation fractions tend to shift the values of these parameters to out of standards.

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) represent a new technology at the nanotechnology level. Conventional digital technologies use ranges of voltage or current to represent binary values. In contrast, QCA uses the positions of electrons in quantum dots to represent binary Values ‘0’ and ‘1’. Quantum technology has gradually applied in various fields. A quantum-dot cellular automaton is projected as a promising nanotechnology for future ICs. A QCA is an array of structures known as quantum-dots. The advantages of using QCA technology are smaller circuit size, higher clock frequency, and lower power consumption. Two electrons occupy each cell. Each electron is free to tunnel between dots within one cell, but cannot leave the cell. The two electrons within each cell repel each other to diagonally opposite corners of the cell. This leaves only two stable states for each cell. These two states are used to represent logic values. The occupation of upper-left and lower-right dots represent ...

The lightning is a natural phenomenon, unforeseeable and behaves as a perfect generator of the electrical current which can reach the two hundred Ampere kilos and then it is a problem classified like a serious wonder for the researchers. The induced transient over-voltages in the electric systems following electromagnetic radiations of the lightning represent the most severe constraint and most significant on the electrical power networks. In this paper we present an lightning analysis in the capacity as a transient source of surge current following model MTLE chosen among others, then an original contribution which defines an analytical model of the electromagnetic field radiated by the lightning for a particular situation and which gave satisfactory results by simulation compared with experimental measurements that we carried out us even at the laboratory of high voltage in EPFL in Switzerland and also of the other authors like G Berger, M.Uman and Rakov in Florid. A computation o...

In order to face the grand challenge of characterizing soft and light armour material system shaving polymers and shear thickening fluids under impacts at high strain rates lead to design and development of this particular SHPB set up. The developed set up is designed for a maximum firing pressure of 300 bar of nitrogen gas and it comprises automated gas filling and firing, striker bar velocity recording and data acquisition system. Pressure bars are made of titanium alloy due to its high yield strength and reasonably lower density which could protect plastic deformation, wave dispersion and reduces impedance mismatch with the intended soft specimens, unlike maraging steel bars. The maximum stresses on the critical parts of the setup are crosschecked with simulation results and compared with corresponding yield strengths. Velocitypressure calibration of the developed setup shows higher velocities can be achieved at any particular pressure, when it is compared with the existing publi...

The paper is for the structural analysis of continuous simply supported pre-stressed inverted-T girder using splicing technique. This paper represents variation of inflection points (point of contra flexure) for different variable loading conditions such as superimposed dead load, lane load, HS-20 truck load etc. The load (live load) for which inflection point changes its location greatly, amount of changes etc. also noticed and amount determined with several trials in this research. Finite element analysis method applied in this case for maximum bending and shear. The effect of false box action considered and found that due to false box action the reduction of bending stress shows lighter section of inverted-T girder. Without considering box action it shows inverted T-girder depth requires greater depth whereas false box girder action reduces its depth extensively.

There are many cases the use of shallow foundations doesn't fit for bearing capacity considerations. In some of these cases, there are soil layers with high strength properties that exist at shallow depths underlain by soil layers with less strength, and the continuous, suitable layer located at great depth. In these cases, it would be useful to use short piles rests on the functional shallower soil layers as bearing layer. These layers are either stiff clay layers with high shear strength or sand layers with high friction resistance or a mixture of both. Due to the presence of weak soils under the bearing layer, this research focuses on the behavior of pile that rests in sand underlain by clay soil. Two sites selected for this study, the first is located in Mansoura city while the other is in Gamasa, and both sites located in the Nile Delta Region of Egypt. In situ and laboratory tests were carried out to determine soil properties. Static load tests conducted on several piles. ...

A numerical study of natural convection in a vertical channel partially filled with a porous matrix is performed. The flow is described using Brinkman-extended Darcy model. The governing equations are solved by using the finite-volume method. The pressure-velocity coupling is provided by the SIMPLER algorithm. The objective of this work is to determine heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics for Prandtl number Pr = 0.71. A parametric study was conducted by varying the thicknesses of the porous layers and Darcy Number for two Rayleigh number Ra = 106 and Ra = 107. The isotherms, streamlines, average Nusselt number and dimensionless temperature are presented for different parametric study.

The present work focuses on Kinematics, Localization and closed loop motion control of a differential drive mobile robot which is capable of navigating to a desired goal location in an obstacle free static indoor environment. Two trajectory planning approaches are made (i) the robot is rotated to eliminate orientation error and then translate to overcome distance error (ii) Both rotational and translational motion is given to the robot to overcome orientation and distance error simultaneously. Localization is estimated by integrating the robot movement in a fixed sampling frequency. The control law is based on kinematics model which provides updated reference speed to the high frequency PID control of DC motor. Stability of proposed control law is validated by Lyapunov Criterion. Both experimental and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the achieved control algorithms and their efficient implementation on a two wheeled differential drive mobile robot using an 8-bit micro...