ICT Policy

Цель статьи - определить факторы, способствующие успеху сферы информационно-коммуникационных технологий Индии, через исторический анализ формирования и развития этой отрасли страны. Помещение предмета исследования в исторический контекст позволяет выявить глубинные причины процессов и дать понимание того, что эффективность государственных программ и инициатив по развитию информационных технологий существенно зависит от специфики политического развития и институциональных практик страны их реализации.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INDIA: HISTORY AND FACTORS OF SUCCESS
Indian IT sector is a world known phenomenon of fast-growing industry with remarkable achievements, which were reached within a relatively short period of time. This industry generates massive employment and contributes sufficiently to the GDP of the country. Technological hubs in Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune, Gurgaon, and especially in Bangalore, are often compared with Silicon Valley. The paper identifies the factors that contribute to the phenomenal development of the sphere of information and communication technologies of India, through the historical analysis of the formation and development of the industry. Existing scientific research is characterized by a certain disciplinary narrowness and a high degree of generalization of the conclusions. Academic papers consider mostly what was done to achieve success, but do not answer the question of how it was implemented. Considering the research subject in the historical context allows us identifying the deeper causes of the processes, and gives an understanding that the effectiveness of many well-known programs and initiatives for the development of information and communication technologies depends significantly on the specifics of the political development and institutional practices of the country of their implementation. The paper explores the origins of the industry from the 1960s and traces its formation and development by shedding light on specific circumstances and obstacles, which the IT sector underwent. This article is of interest both to representatives of the Russian information and communication technology industry, government employees, and experts involved in the developing programs for the advancement of information and communication technologies in Russia.

Internet banking merupakan layanan perbankan yang memiliki banyak sekali manfaatnya bagi pihak bank sebagai penyedia dan nasabah sebagai penggunanya. Transaksi melalui media layanan internet banking dapat dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja. Melalui internet banking, layanan konvensional bank yang kompleks dapat ditawarkan relatif lebih sederhana, efektif, efisien dan murah. Internet banking menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilan perkembangan dunia perbankan modern dan bahkan tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa dengan internet banking, keuntungan (profits) dan pembagian pasar (marketshare) akan semakin besar dan luas. Namun, meskipun dunia perbankan memperoleh manfaat dari penggunaan internet banking, terdapat pula resiko-resiko yang melekat pada layanan internet banking, seperti resiko strategik, resiko reputasi, resiko operasional termasuk resiko keamanan dan resiko hukum, resiko kredit, resiko pasar dan resiko likuiditas.

Kata Kunci: Internet Banking, Perbankan.

Este documento (tercera revisión, con especialistas de MTC y ONGEI) proporciona el marco conceptual para el desarrollo de la alfabetización digital. Es, asimismo, el marco de actuación propuesto para desarrollar las políticas sectoriales en referencia al mismo tema, marco que debe actualizarse en las organizaciones públicas a las que atañe y a las demás instancias de la sociedad civil, correspondientemente. Este plan se formula en el marco de la Ley de Promoción de la Banda Ancha. Se propone como un instrumento que establece DEFINICIONES, OBJETIVOS, METAS Y ESTRATEGIAS para todos los sectores del Estado como agentes que conducen al aprovechamiento de los beneficios de la banda ancha (alfabetización digital) de la población según sus necesidades y realidades (escenarios). Plantea un modelo explicativo, evaluativo y de intervención para la alfabetización digital, que se concreta en un perfil preliminar del Perú y en 6 estrategias nacionales, así como un conjunto de indicadores para su seguimiento según los cuatro objetivos propuestos

Multiple Gigabit Wireless System (MGWS) merupakan jaringan komunikasi radio yang dapat digunakan untuk komunikasi jarak dekat, Line of Sight (LoS) dan Non-LoS dengan topologi WLAN yang menggunakan pita frekuensi radio 60 GHz untuk memenuhi kebutuhan koneksi wireless access maupun backhaul dengan memfasilitasi transfer data berkecepatan tinggi

This paper defines current data-collection practices known as data mining, examining several positive and negative ramifications. A Rawlsian approach is used to analyze the ethical implications of data mining within three major codes of ethics used by American marketing firms (AMA, BMA, and DMA). From this theoretical standpoint, the author argues that marketers should re-conceptualize their business conduct, as defined in their individual codes of ethics, to incorporate a Rawlsian concern for society’s least advantaged members. Rawls’ concept of primary goods provides the framework for the author's argument that anonymity, a component of privacy, is vital for consumers whose autonomy is affected by data mining. To ensure both privacy and protection of consumer information, specifically for the least advantaged, a combination of practical measures, ethical guidelines, and legislative protections are recommended for minimizing concerns about data mining, while still allowing for commercial advantages provided by the practice. Finally, the paper outlines the implications of proposed changes for marketers and advertisers.

Il rapporto tra ICT (Information Comunication Technologies) e mutamenti ambientali è un tema diinteresse scientifico recente. L'affermarsi di un paradigma tecnologico considerato dai commentatori più ottimisti “weightless” di quello industriale ha ritardato un'analisi sistematica delle sue ricadute sulla sostenibilità ambientale.
L'articolo, ripercorrendo alcune recenti ricerche empiriche, sostiene che :
- La produzione, la distribuzione, l'uso e l'applicazione di ICT produce effetti contrastanti per l'ecosistema;
- Le ICT producono effetti positivi per l'ambiente se affiancate da politiche pubbliche di regolamentazione ambientale;
- La diffusione di una cultura dell'agire sostenibile è strategica per l'utilizzo delle opportunità ecologiche offerte dalle ICT;

The Singapore government was among the first in the world to articulate a vision of developing a broadband National Information Infrastructure (Nil) as a means to boost national competitiveness and improve socio-economic wellbeing.  This paper analyzes the background and motivations leading to the articulation of this Nil vision, the subsequent strategies and implementation initiatives undertaken and the status of development so far. The paper also addresses the key issues and challenges facing Singapore's future Nil development, and suggests a two-prong government strategy that may be applicable to other small, newly industrializing economies as well.

Many teachers and students in Nigerian institutions of learning find teaching and learning a herculean task and very boring because of the obsolete methods of teaching and learning in this sector of the Nigerian economy. New innovative and IT-driven approach will be used in this research to help improve the quality of teaching and learning in Nigerian schools. This research will try to find a solution to this problem, where both students and teachers will enjoy teaching and learning respectively in an environment where effective teaching and learning is the target objective.

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi dapat dimanifestasikan melalui penggunaan alat dan perangkat telekomunikasi dalam sistem navigasi dan komunikasi aktivitas perikanan. Pemanfaatan ini merupakan upaya peningkatan performansi untuk mendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan pelaku aktivitas perikanan. Penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif eksploratif dan pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam ini bertujuan mengetahui sistem navigasi

Kata kunci—  alat  telekomunikasi,  perangkat  telekomunikasi,sistem navigasi, sistem komunikasi, pelabuhan Bitung

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui regulasi telekomunikasi Indonesia dalam melindungi konsumen telekomunikasi menurut hukum positif Indonesia dan eksistensi regulasi telekomunikasi Indonesia dalam melindungi konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Yuridis Normatif.
Regulasi telekomunikasi Indonesia dalam melindungi konsumen telekomunikasi telah dikeluarkan surat edaran yang mengacu pada dua ketentuan perundang-undangan yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Pelindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 1999 tentang Telekomunikasi. Eksistensi badan regulasi telekomunikasi Indonesia dirasa belum efektif untuk melindungi konsumen yang dimana dilihat dari bentuk badannya yang belum mandiri, tidak diberi kewenangan eksekutor kepada badan ini, dan keberadan kantornya yang hanya di Jakarta atau pusat.

Kata  Kunci  :  Regulasi  Telekomunikasi  Indonesia,  Perlindungan  Konsumen,
Telekomunikasi.

Radiasi pada dasanya adalah suatu cara perambatan energi dari sumber energi ke lingkungannya tanpa membutuhkan medium. Gelombang radio, sinyal televisi, sinar radar, cahaya tak terlihat, sinar-x dan sinar gamma merupakan contoh-contoh gelombang elektromagnetik. Tingkat paparan gelombang elektromagnetik dari berbagai frekuensi berubah secara signifikan sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi yang menimbulkan kekhawatiran bahwa paparan dari gelombang elektromagnetik ini dapat berpengaruh buruk terhadap kesehatan fisik manusia. Banyak kalangan mengklaim bahwa gelombang elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan oleh alat-alat listrik dapat mengganggu kesehatan pengguna dan orang-orang yang berdiri di sekitarnya. Anggapan ini dibenarkan oleh para ahli bidang telekomunikasi, namun tidak sedikit pula bantahan-bantahan oleh beberapa pihak yang menyangkal sebaliknya.

Kata kunci : Radiasi, Gelombang Elelktromagnetik, Kesehatan Manusia.

Telepon seluler bukan lagi menjadi kebutuhan tetapi sudah menjadi kelengkapan dan gaya hidup. Namun demikian, persoalan mulai timbul dengan berdirinya menara-menara telekomunikasi yang dipergunakan untuk menampung Base Transceiver Station (BTS) yang merupakan infrastruktur pendukung utama dalam penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi seluler yang memerlukan ketersediaan lahan, bangunan dan ruang udara, sehingga jika pendirian menara tidak dikendalikan maka akan berdampak pada keseimbangan tata-ruang dan estetika kawasan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perencanaan kebutuhan BTS dan menara bersama telekomunikasi dengan sudut pandang capacity, dan melakukan optimasi penempatan lokasi menara menggunakan algoritma genetika dengan tetap memperhatikan posisi menara eksisting dan titik-titik rencana tata ruang wilayah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, untuk 5 tahun kedepan Kabupaten Blitar membutuhkan 754 BTS yang ditopang oleh 258 menara bersama telekomunikasi, dan metode algoritma genetika dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalisasikan lokasi menara bersama telekomunikasi.

Kata Kunci: Algoritma Genetika, BTS, Capacity, Menara Bersama Telekomunikasi, Penataan Menara, Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah

In recent years, " smart cities " have rapidly increased in discourses as well as in their real number, and raise various issues. While citizen engagement is a key element of most definitions of smart cities, information and communication technologies (ICTs) would also have great potential for facilitating public participation. However, scholars have highlighted that little research has focused on actual practices
of citizen involvement in smart cities so far. In this respect, the
authors analyse public participation in Japanese “Smart
Communities”, paying attention to both official discourses and
actual practices. Smart Communities were selected in 2010 by
the Japanese government which defines them as “smart city”
projects and imposed criteria such as focus on energy issues,
participation and lifestyle innovation. Drawing on analysis of
official documents as well as on interviews with each of the
four Smart Communities’ stakeholders, the paper explains that
very little input is expected from Japanese citizens. Instead,
ICTs are used by municipalities and electric utilities to steer
project participants and to change their behaviour. The
objective of Smart Communities would not be to involve
citizens in city governance, but rather to make them participate
in the co-production of public services, mainly energy
production and distribution.

TV digital semakin berkembang di Indonesia, Pemerintah juga telah memperluas area Uji Coba penyiaran TV digital terestrial penerimaan tetap tidak berbayar (free to air). Perkembangan dimulai sejak tahun 2009 hingga sekarang 2017. Era Uji Coba TV digital dengan standar DVB-T2 dimulai sejak 9 Juni 2016. Telah banyak perundangan yang ditetapkan berkaitan dengan peralihan TV analog ke TV digital, namun tidak semua peraturan berpihak adil kepada semua pihak, sehingga perlua adanya pengkajian ulang (judicial review) mengenai peraturan tersebut. Belum ditetapkannya Undang-Undang pengganti UU No. 32 Tahun 2002 menjadi sebuah kendala yang berarti dalam proses migrasi karena Undang-Undang Penyiaran merupakan dasar pelaksanaan Penyiaran. Selain kendala dalam landasan hukum, kendala lain yang berarti terdapat dalam proses sosialisasi dan distribusi set top box-nya.

Kata kunci – TV Digital; Roadmap; DVB-T2; Peraturan;

Estos lineamientos son una propuesta para la incorporación de las TIC en educación y provee definiciones, modelos, procedimientos y pautas para realizar dicha incorporación de las TIC en relación con el proceso educativo en que dicha incorporación sea requerida. - These guidelines are a proposal for the incorporation of ICT in education and provides definitions, models, procedures and guidelines for such incorporation of ICT in relation to the educational process in which such incorporation is required.

En este artículo se recopila y estudia la Gestión de Contenidos
Educativos, realizada por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN), mostrando cómo se puede realizar una gestión efectiva y eficaz a través de estrategias basadas en la innovación mediante el desarrollo de las etapas de uso, apropiación y producción, en este caso de contenidos educativos digitales. Como gran resultado de esta estrategia se presenta el Ciclo de Gestión de Contenidos, conocimiento consolidado de las acciones realizadas frente a la visión del Ministerio, en el desarrollo del tema y dejando las bases para una discusión académica sobre dicha visión.
Para mostrar la aplicación de dicha estrategia se muestra la gestión realizada desde el MEN en torno a Objetos de Aprendizaje (OA), como un proyecto enfocado hacia el fomento y cobertura de la educación superior en universidades de diversas regiones del país, demostrando cómo la estrategia ha producido resultados concretos de gran impacto y de reconocimiento nacional e internacional. Al finalizar, se plantea el panorama a corto, mediano y largo plazo en la gestión de contenidos educativos, enfatizando cómo la producción de contenidos representa un
panorama de progreso e internacionalización de la academia
colombiana.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) constitute a topic of growing importance for public policies, notably in the fi eld of education. The integration of ICT in our everyday life transforms our relationship to information and knowledge. It also modifi es citizens’ engagement with public services and the interaction between schools and learners.

The opportunities offered by the use of technology in education are many. It transforms the pedagogy and can lead to an improved and more engaging learning experience. These effects are not limited to the classroom, for example, the transformation of distance education into e-learning and blended learning offers new options for delivery and new opportunities for in-service teacher training and support. The capacity of ICT to build borderless networks represents possibilities for innovative peer learning across territories and countries. In addition to redefi ning access to knowledge and instructional design and provision, the penetration of ICT in all dimensions of economic, social and cultural activities has far-reaching implications in terms of the skills required to become an active member of
society. The ability of students to utilize ICT has become a new requirement for effective education systems. Beyond education, ICT can also represent a new source of economic growth and a powerful tool for social transformation. Hence, through their economic and social effects, ICT contribute to creating a knowledge society and economy.

In this context, a major concern for policy-making relates to the modalities for designing and implementing plans and strategies likely to produce such results. This publication aims at addressing precisely this question by illustrating, on the basis of case studies analysis, the importance of having clear policy goals, and of their translation into appropriate strategies and plans. The country experiences reviewed in this publication suggest that effective ICT in education policies depend on three main pillars, namely: access to ICT infrastructures and equipment; teacher capacities; and monitoring. Access to equipment, networks and quality resources is a prerequisite for the deployment and utilization of ICT. Therefore the integration of technologies in the education system requires a supportive environment. This underlines the importance of policy consistency and the need to take advantage of a broader movement of ICT infrastructure development. In many countries this also implies forging innovative alliances between the public
sector and private companies which often control the ICT sector. In that respect ICT in education policies offer a rich example of the potential for public-private partnerships.

Once the technological infrastructure is in place, a major challenge relates to the capacity of teachers to take advantage of the tools and new teaching opportunities offered by ICT. This involves developing teachers’ professional capacities but also to establish adequate support mechanisms. Furthermore, beyond technical competences and coaching, effective utilization of technologies in the classroom ultimately depends on the motivation of teachers. The major challenge always remains to transform teacher training into improved teacher practices in the classroom. The best incentives for teachers come from the evidence of improved and more efficient teaching practices. Yet, addressing this challenge often involves a cultural change for teachers which cannot always happen rapidly.

Effective implementation of public policies requires proper monitoring. The introduction of technologies into the education system on a large scale involves setting up mechanisms and tools to monitor implementation processes and outcomes. In particular, it is essential to develop approaches and indicators to monitor how ICT investments and policies affect teaching practices and students’ abilities and knowledge. In other words, policies on ICT in education require the complementing of existing educational management information systems (EMIS) by specific data and indicators.

The cases analysed in this publication are taken from different regions of the world – Africa, Arab region, Asia and Latin America – illustrating the global dimension of the changes that ICT bring to education systems and policies. The wide diversity offered by the selected countries - Jordan, Namibia, Rwanda, Singapore and Uruguay – in terms of economic and educational development, suggests that the issues at stake are not limited to a particular group
of privileged countries. ICT can have a transformative effect on education regardless of the economic conditions, in
very advanced school systems as well as in poorly resourced ones. The choice of the policy mix varies according to
particular circumstances but the vision and the potential of ICT to transform education is universal. This is the key
message that this publication attempts to articulate.

Land tenure security enforces community participation in local governments. Additionally, it promotes community-based organizations (CBO) as social inclusion strategy in the process of urban inclusion due to their influence on local governments for decision-making. In 1983, in the squatter settlement of Manchay, the need for survival generated a reason for establishing a CBO in the search for land tenure rights. In 2013, these communities were facing the challenges of inclusion to the local government system.
The role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is to facilitate communication between citizens and governmental institutions for compliance of their rights and be included in the process of governance. This study analyzes the role of the CBO in the squatter settlement of Manchay in Lima during the process of achievement of legitimate land rights towards their inclusion on their local government, and how ICTs contribute to this inclusion process. Empiric data collection registers 73 in-depth structured interviews taken between 2010 and 2013.
Keywords: Squatter settlements, e-governance, ICT, CBO, land tenure, participative government

Big Data increasingly affects politics in manifold ways. With the ascendance of cyberspace as an important domain of daily activity, international politics has already experienced technology-driven change. Big Data unveils new dimensions to these changes, which we as political scientists and observers of international affairs are only now beginning to comprehend. It changes power distributions and thereby some basic assumptions of international relations theory, and its analytics will increasingly inform international-relations research and policymaking. It has created both new opportunities and threats in areas such as humanitarian aid, development, and international peace and security. As hardware becomes better and cheaper, and as open-source software and database search and analysis services become more widely available, the power of Big Data is also increasingly at the disposal of small enterprises and individuals. Its ascendance in all aspects of social and political life has also sharpened important questions about global Internet governance.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengembangkan strategi E-Commerce pada salah satu UMKM di kota Depok. Data diperoleh dengan observasi langsung ke lokasi kemudian melakukan interview. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT (Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat). Dari hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa pada Strategi OW (Opportunity – Weakness) ditemukan bahwa memperbaiki situs E-commerce, membuat pemesanan dan katalog online, pemesanan online, dan memperbaiki data pelanggan. Untuk Strategi OS (Opportunity – Strength) bisa dilakukan dengan menambah jumlah komunitas dan melakukan kerjasama dengan produsen produk sejenis. Sedangkan untuk Strategi TW & TS adalah dengan memperbanyak agen, melakukan evaluasi terhadap produk dan kebijakan yang sesuai dengan regulasi serta melakukan peningkatan terhadap produk dan SDM (Sumber Daya Manusia)

Kata kunci : E-Commerce, Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat,

Meningkatnya jumlah populasi di kota-kota besar menyebabnya kepadatan dan kemacetan dimana-mana. Hal ini juga membuat mobilisasi masyarakat juga semakin meningkat. Menyadari kebutuhan transportasi umum semakin meningkat sedangkan ketersedian angkutan umum masih kurang efektif dan efisien maka muncullah beberapa perusahaan angkutan umum khusus yang berbasis online. Angkutan khusus berbasis online ini lebih diminati masyarakat karena si pengendara menjemput penumpang, bukan seperti selama ini penumpang yang harus menghampiri pengendara. Selain itu dari segi harga lebih murah dibanding konvensional. Namun kelemahannya fenomena ini belum tercantum pada Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2009.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS in Nigeria. Chapters 1-5 Final Year Research Project Topics | Download Free Projects | Final Year Research Project Topics and Materials, Hire a Research Writer, Download Economics, Education, Accounting, Philosophy, Computer Science, Business Administration, Below are Information Technology Project Topics with available Chapters 1-5. Click on any to preview its Contents

The ongoing securitisation of online space has contributed to the establishment and development of the ‘norms-building’ discourse over the past few years. As the development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) poses more security and safety questions, be it at the end user, business, national or international
levels, the narrative is shifting from a focus on ‘response to conflict’ to ‘conflict prevention’. This has also led to the emergence of a few norms development initiatives and platforms driven by various actors, which introduces an element of rivalry into the process. At the end of the day, the competition will most likely be led by those formations and thought leaders that have the greater trust capital and control.

Pesatnya perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) dan makin besarnya kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap informasi, menjadikan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) sesuatu yang penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, khususnya dalam rangka mendukung peningkatan perekonomian, pendidikan, dan juga dapat memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap kemajuan Industri telekomunikasi dan informatika di Indonesia
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini deskriptif analitis, mendeskripsikan atau memberikan gambaran terhadap suatu objek penelitian yang didukung oleh data primer dan data sekunder mengenai permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan aspek hukum penyelenggara telekomunikasi
persaingan usaha industri telekomunikasi yang sehat perlu diterapkan kebijakan single preserence policy on telecommunication sector. Konsep single preserence policy on telecommunication sector dilakukan untuk
merestrukturisasi industri telekomunikasi dengan cara menggabungkan penyelenggara telekomunikasi dengan kondisi bahwa satu pihak hanya menjadi pemegang saham pengendali pada 1 (satu) badan hukum penyelenggara telekomunikasi penyelenggara seluler

The journal Know What Works and Why [Dutch title: 4W, Weten Wat Werkt en Waarom] addresses the benefits and impact of ICT in education.

The Netherlands has a relatively solid basis for using ICT in education. Virtually all schools have high-speed Internet access, many pupils have access to computers, most schools are equipped with interactive whiteboards, etc. Despite this, the use of ICT is lagging behind teachers’ and principals’ expectations and ambitions, and opportunities are not being utilized to their full potential. Teachers indicate that they find it difficult to fully embed ICT into their lessons. They are critical and first want to know how much value ICT will add to their teaching and when.

We are convinced that scientific insights can be helpful when making professional choices regarding the use of ICT in education. Unfortunately, scientific articles are not readily accessible to teachers and are not written for the purpose of providing them with professional support. In publishing 4W, a journal intended for researchers but also for teachers, pre-service teachers, and principals, we make the results of research available in order to give them the professional support they need.

The philosophy underlying the journal is that teachers need to know not only what works, but why it works. Teachers who have a thorough understanding of what makes a particular application work can make better decisions about what type of ICT can help them achieve their goals and when. We take a broad view of ICT, covering its use for didactic, organizational, and professional development purposes.

The articles we publish are written by experts in the relevant field and are reviewed externally when necessary. They are accompanied by a limited selection of peer-reviewed reference articles. The journal is published quarterly both in print and online.

This English-language edition is meant to introduce the journal to an international audience. We would be delighted to have you contact the editorial staff if you would like to contribute an article.

The convergence between broadcasting and telecommunication in Indonesia is inevitable as the growing information and communication technology and competition within both industries. Nevertheless, the policy governance of these industries remains distinctively separated under the 2002 Broadcasting Law and the 1999 Telecommunication Law. Whilst the regulators failed to enact the convergence bill, the only way is to synergize the revision of both laws.. This study aims to understand the point of views as well as power relation among regulators in regulating the broadcasting and telecommunication towards convergence. The primary data tool is in-depth interview with respondents who are officials of four institutions: the Kemkominfo, KPI, BRTI, and DPR, within January-February 2015. The path dependence of these institutions is differ one to another which determine the power contribution in the policy processes. The emerging proposals of the Broadcasting Law revision are not regulating convergence in detail. Instead, the KPI and Kemkominfo dispute over the authority of broadcasting industry. Kemkominfo is planning to turn the revision of the Telecommunication law into convergence law.

Istilah internet banking sudah tidak asing lagi bagi masyarakat Indonesia khususnya bagi mereka yang tinggal di wilayah perkotaan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan semakin banyaknya perbankan nasional yang menyelenggarakan layanan tersebut.
Penyelenggaraan internet banking juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan teknologi informasi, dalam kenyataannya pada satu sisi membuat jalannya transaksi perbankan menjadi lebih mudah, akan tetapi di sisi lain membuatnya semakin berisiko. Dengan kenyataan seperti ini, keamanan menjadi faktor penting yang perlu diperhatikan. Bahkan mungkin faktor keamanan ini dapat menjadi salah satu fitur unggulan yang dapat ditonjolkan oleh pihak bank.
Salah satu risiko yang terkait dengan penyelenggaraan kegiatan internet banking adalah internet fraud atau penipuan melalui internet. Dalam internet fraud ini menjadikan pihak bank atau nasabah sebagai korban, yang dapat terjadi karena maksud jahat seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan dalam bidang teknologi informasi, atau seseorang yang memanfaatkan kelengahan pihak bank maupun pihak nasabah.
Oleh karena itu perbankan perlu meningkatkan keamanan internet banking antara lain melalui standarisasi pembuatan aplikasi, adanya panduan bila terjadi fraud dan pemberian informasi yang jelas kepada user, serta penerapan jaminan hukum yang berlaku.

Kata kunci – Internet Banking, UU ITE, Cyber Crime, Fraud, Regulasi Hukum.

Internet merupakan suatu kebutuhan di era digital ini, semua aktifitas menggunakan koneksi internet, lahirnya teknologi baru Aplikasi Transportasi online dimulai dari internet. Paper ini fokus membahas Regulasi Hukum dan analisis SWOT Ride Sharing yang sedang trend. Kebutuhan akan transportasi non masal di indonesia sangat konsumtif di era digital dan mempunyai aturan hukum yang berbeda-beda di setiap negara, di Indonesia sudah mulai diberlakukan aturan hukumnya. Dengan adanya aplikasi Ride Sharing yang bisa diakses di seluruh gadged membuat akomodasi menjadi lebih mudah dan memberikan dampak yang positif bagi konsumen maupun driver diharapkan Konsumen dan Driver dapat semakin maju dan berkembang ke level yang tinggi dengan menyesuaikan teknologi yang baru di era dewasa ini, sehingga menghasilkan pelayanan publik yang lebih baik khususnya dalam Ride Sharing. Abstract— The Internet is a necessity in this digital era, all the activities using an Internet connection, the birth of new technology applications online Transport begin on the Internet. This paper discusses the focus of Regulation Law and SWOT analysis Ride Sharing trend. The need for non mass transportation in Indonesia is very consumptive in the digital age and have different legal rules vary in each country, in Indonesia has begun to apply the rule of law. With the application of Ride Sharing that can be accessed around gadged make accommodation easier and give a positive impact for consumers and drivers are expected to Consumers and the driver can be further advanced and developed to a high level by adjusting the new technology in the era of today, resulting better public services, especially in Ride Sharing.

Terkoneksinya miliaran orang kedalam internet, memungkinkan mereka saling terhubung dan berinteraksi, dengan atau tanpa motif ekonomi yang mendasarinya. Airbnb sebagai pemimpin dalam platform kolaboratif dibidang akomodasi, memiliki potensi untuk berkembang lebih baik di Indonesia namun disisi lain memiliki sejumlah tantangan (hukum dan perpajakan) yang harus diselesaikan. Pemerintah sebagai regulator memiliki peranan kunci dalam mengatur layanan kolaboratif sejenis Airbnb.

Many countries worldwide have been reforming their
governments and public service delivery. They use information
and communications technologies (ICT) as a key
way to boost public sector accountability, transparency,
efficiency and effectiveness. It streamlines activities, reduces
costs and paperwork for government, citizens
and users of government services and it makes a much
wider range of information available and up-to-date.

A baseline study undertaken in The Gambia to prepare
for an e-government policy (see below) revealed
further challenges which many African States face. If
computer networks are available, they are often are
not connected between government institutions and
so they are not used for sharing data and information.
Although Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide Internet
services, they are hardly used by government
to provide public services, mainly because of lack of
awareness and expertise.

Difficulties in providing e-government services are increased
because there is usually only limited telecommunications
coverage outside the capital. This also
makes it harder for African leaders to use ICT as part of
poverty reduction or to avoid increasing what is known
as the “digital divide”, the gap between better off people
with access to ICT, normally in the capital and other
large towns, and the rest of the population.

Protection of personal information in online environments is vital to most individuals, including those of varying ages in the three distinct age groups of children, adolescents and emerging adults. As each group interacts online, they utilise different disclosure practices and protection mechanisms to manage and distribute their personal information. Using communication privacy management theory (CPM), this paper examines how privacy management strategies in online environments differ between children, adolescents and emerging adults. After describing self-disclosure and CPM, the manuscript examines how the three groups engage and practice disclosure in varying ways. The paper considers theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the privacy management approach, and explores the applicability of the tenets of CPM to online communication in self-disclosure. In concluding, the manuscript argues that a greater understanding of the privacy protection mechanisms employed by children, adolescents, and emerging adults will help to strengthen privacy regulation and protection of personal information for each of these specific groups. Implications for media literacy, privacy protection practices, online marketing and advertising are presented as well.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT), a merger of two technologies; Information Technology (IT) and Communication Technology (CT) to form Information and Communication Technology (ICT) made it possible for combined information processing and communication. Email, a consequence of ICT is one of the fastest means of communication worldwide. ICT systems have been designed that automate business processes in e-commerce, e-library, e-research, e-finance and e-governance making them more efficient ...