Ideal Ethics

Birlesmis Milletler ideali ilk olarak Immanuel Kant’in 1795 yilinda yazdigi Ebedi Baris adli makalesinde ortaya konmustur. Kant, liberal gelenekten gelen Locke ve Rousseau gibi, bireyler arasindaki iliskinin ya hukuk ve riza yoluyla ya da guc veya siddet uzerinden kurulabilecegine inanir. Bu turden bir dunya barisi idealine ulasilabilmesenin yollarindan biri, her bir insanin vatandasi oldugu tek bir dunya devletinin yaratilmasidir. Bu turden bir ideal 18. yuzyil liberallerinin bir kaci tarafindan savunulmustur. Kant, bu ideali reddedetmekle birlikte evrensel hukuk yasalarina, bagimsiz bir devletler federasyonun kurulmasiyla ulasilabilecegini savunur. Bu yazida Kant’in bu konudaki argumanlarinin gunumuzdeki gecerliligine bakacagim. Bunu yaparken iki soru uzerine odaklacagim: Birinci olarak, hukuk yasalarinin bir savunucusu olarak, Kant’in neden tek bir dunya devletini secmek yerine bagimsiz devletler federasyonunu sectigi. Ikinci olarak, bu gerceklestirilebilecek bir ideal midir? Kan...

Focusing on conflict at the organizational level, this study explores Conflict Culture Theory by (a) conceptualizing perceived and ideal conflict cultures, (b) creating and implementing the Conflict Cultures Survey, and (c) testing Gelfand, Leslie and Keller's (2008) proposed two-dimensional model. Tenured and tenure-track faculty at a large, American university (N = 346) completed the survey. Ideal conflict cultures varied little whereas perceived conflict cultures varied across departments, suggesting that ideal and perceived conflict cultures are distinct constructs. Multi-level modeling and interrater agreement indices for the conflict culture variables provide evidence that conflict cultures exist and vary by department. Results supported the two-dimensional model rather than one- or four-dimensional models, suggesting that conflict cultures vary along two dimensions: agreeableness and activeness. Practical implications for Conflict Culture Theory and the Conflict Culture Survey include predicting job satisfaction and commitment, identifying bullying or workplace harassment norms, and establishing individual-organizational fit.

Egyptian monasticism began and spread as a movement of popular piety, but successive generations of theologians attempted to give it inner theological coherence and consistency. Although we may find some clues in the early monastic terminology and even if we can engage in well-founded speculation, we shall never know what inspired or motivated the many thousands who took up the monastic life in Egypt at the end of the third century and the early fourth century to do so. They did not leave behind any written testimony. Our literary sources such as the Life of Antony and the Lives of Pachomius and his successors come later and they are clearly aimed at creating an ideal of the monastic life, an ideal that owes much, to be sure, to the earlier philosophical and spiritual tradition concerning the possibility of spiritual progress.

Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian ring and let $\frak a$ be an ideal of $R$. In this paper, we study a certain condition, namely $C_{\frak a}$, introduced by Aghapournahr and Melkersson, on the extension of two subcategories of $R$-modules. We extend and generalize some of the main results of Yoshizawa [Y1,Y2]. As an example of extension of subcategories, we study the weakly Laskerian modules and we find some conditions under which the local cohomology modules of a weakly Laskerian module lie in an arbitrary Serre subcategory. Eventually, we investigate the cofiniteness of the local cohomology modules of weakly Laskerian modules.

In this paper, we will be delving deeper into the connection between the rough theory and the ring theory precisely in the principle and maximal ideal. The rough set theory has shown by Pawlak as good formal tool for modeling and processing incomplete information in information system. The rough theory is based on two concepts the upper approximation of a given set is the union of all the equivalence classes, which are subsets of the set, and the lower approximation is the union of all the equivalence classes, which are intersection with set non-empty. Many researchers develop this theory and use it in many areas. Here, we will apply this theorem in the one of the most important branches of mathematics that is ring theory. We will try to find the rough principal and maximal ideal as an extension of the notion of a principal maximal ideal respectively in ring theory. In addition, we study the properties of the upper and lower approximation of a principal maximal ideal. However, some ...

This article examines service-learning as a means to bridge the gap between practical courses in the curriculum such as professional communication, which are linked to a market-economy, and the ideal of public service. By outlining ways in which service-learning has been used in the professional communication field, and problems and concerns with its use, the author explores the charge of “vocationalism.” The historical connection between rhetoric and professional communication is developed through a detailed case study analysis covering the author’s partnership with a non-profit organization over several semesters. The author suggests that when used with care and reflection, service-learning can be a path toward virtue for students, helping them to inculcate a public service ideal.

Introduction: Learning behaviors in PBL and team-based learning (TBL) at Mie University Faculty of Medicine have been measured with peer assessments in addition to tutor assessments. The change in class components posed a question on reliability of peer assessments at tutorless sessions in TBL. Methods: Correlations between peer and tutor assessments in the PBL program comprised of tutor and tutorless sessions were analyzed with data from 377 students. The three domains for student’s performance, “self-learning in preparation”, “active participation in group discussion” and “cooperative attitude at group work”, were collected at 4 UNITs with the formal PBL and at 4 UNITs with the mixture of PBL and TBL. Results: No statistically significant difference between peer and tutor assessments was found in all three domains in units with the mixture of PBL and TBL. The correlation analysis between peer and tutor assessments in units with the mixture of PBL and TBL demonstrated strong positive correlations in self-learning in preparation (r=0.62) and in active participation in group discussion (r= 0.63), and a weak positive correlation in cooperative attitude at group works (r=0.35). Discussion: This study revealed that students evaluated their group-peers at the units comprised of both tutor and tutorless sessions similarly to those comprised of only tutor sessions. Peer assessments were well correlated with tutors’ assessment at the units comprised of tutor and tutorless session. Our study suggests that TBL might be expanded in the situation where teaching resource is limited.

We show how to construct discretely ordered principal ideal subrings of $\mathbb Q[x]$ with various types of prime behaviour. Given any set $\mathcal D$ consisting of finite strictly increasing sequences $(d_1,d_2,\dots, d_l)$ of positive integers such that, for each prime integer $p$, the set $\{p\mathbb Z, d_1+p\mathbb Z,\dots, d_l+p\mathbb Z\}$ does not contain all the cosets modulo $p$, we can stipulate to have, for each $(d_1,\dots, d_l)\in \mathcal D$, a cofinal set of progressions $(f, f+d_1, \dots, f+d_l)$ of prime elements in our PID $R_\tau$. Moreover, we can simultaneously guarantee that each positive prime $g\in R_\tau\setminus\mathbb N$ is either in a prescribed progression as above or there is no other prime $h$ in $R_\tau$ such that $g-h\in\mathbb Z$.

Cumhuriyetin ilani sonrasinda her bakimdan yeni bir devlet ve toplum  olusturma ideal ve cabasi, bircok yeni kurum ve uygulamanin dogmasini  da gerektirmistir. Ozellikle kirsal kesimin ve koylulerin modern egitim ve hayat  tarziyla tanistirilmasi icin 1932’de acilan Halkevleri ve Halk Odalarinin kultur  hayatina onemli katkilari vardir. Buralarda sanat, siyaset, tarim zanaat, dil, tarih,  arkeoloji, kitap, dergicilik ve spor gibi farkli alanlarda faaliyetler yapiliyordu.  Butun halkevleri basta dergi ve kucuk kitaplar olmak uzere, cok farkli alanlarda  kitaplar da yayimliyordu. Egitim ve kultur tarihimiz bakimindan Halkevlerinin  somut ve soyut mirasinin hakkiyla degerlendirildigi ve arastirildigi soylenemez.  Bu yazi, Eminonu Halkevi tarafindan 1932-1943 arasinda 125 sayi olarak yayimlanan,  adindan da anlasilacagi uzere her alanda ‘yeni’yi kurmayi amaclayan Yeni  Turk Mecmuasi’nda “egitim, kadin, cocuk, aile ve genclik” sorunlarinin nasil ele  alindigini arastirmayi amaclamistir. ...

By ℬ2 we denote the σ-ideal of all subsets A of the Cantor set {0, 1}ω such that for every infinite subset T of ω the restriction A∣{0, 1}T is a proper subset of {0, 1}T. In this paper we investigate set theoretical properties of this and similar ideals.

Examining Board Prof. dr. HJ Achterhuis Prof. dr. MHF Grypdonck Prof. dr. Prof dr. TJ Heeren Prof. dr. PJH Kockelkoren Prof. dr. P. Meurs Prof. dr. BE van Vucht-Tijssen (chair) dr. J. van Weeghel Prof. dr. D. Willems ... The research project of which this book is a result, was carried out ...