Incremental Validity

Implicit attitudes, evaluations that can occur without effort, quickly and without conscious intent, have been shown to predict self-reported diets and objectively measured food choices within the laboratory. We present two studies which extend the literature by demonstrating ...

The theory of grit (currently defined as the combination of passion and perseverance over the long term) is one of the more recent developments in personality psychology that has generated a lot of buzz and interest, both from the general public as well as the academia. To date, there are a plethora of studies advancing grit as a significant predictor of various positive outcomes including subjective well-being (SWB).
While most of the grit studies are of high performance in context, this study argues that grit can also be developed and used even in high-stress human conditions (HSC) such as adversity, suffering, or trauma. Hence, this study seeks to propose a new theory of grit called “Grit 2.0” that encompasses both high performance and HSC contexts and aims to develop a more holistic theory of grit that posits a multi-factor model that incorporates principles of trait theory, paradox theory, and positive psychology. The study focuses on adult participants primarily in the United States and uses both convenience and targeted sampling methods as well as several validated scales to determine the relationship between HSC and SWB and how the current theory of grit and the proposed Grit 2.0 play a mediating role between these two variables. The study also discusses the practical and theoretical implications of its results, the limitations of the study as well as suggestions for future research.
Keywords: grit, passion, perseverance, paradox theory, trait theory, subjective well being

Subtest and factor scores have typically provided little incremental predictive validity beyond the omnibus IQ score. This study examined the incremental validity of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth UK Edition (WISC-IV(UK) ; Wechsler, 2004a, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth UK Edition, Harcourt Assessment, London, UK) and factor index scores in predicting academic achievement on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test - Second UK Edition (WIAT-II(UK) ; Wechsler, 2005a, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second UK Edition, Pearson, London, UK), beyond that predicted by the WISC-IV(UK) FSIQ. The sample included 1,014 Irish children (ages 6-0 to 16-9) who were referred for evaluation of learning difficulties. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used with the WISC-IV(UK) FSIQ (Block 1) and factor index scores (Block 2) as predictors and WIAT-II(UK) subtest and composite scores as dependent variables. The WISC-IV(UK) FSIQ accounted for stat...

Negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies are beliefs in one's ability to initiate behaviors to alleviate a negative mood or induce a positive mood. They are one of many cognitive factors that appear to contribute to individual differences in depressed mood. However, it remains unclear whether NMR expectancies predict depressed mood above and beyond related constructs, and whether they predict depressed mood over a time interval. We investigated the incremental validity of NMR expectancies in the prediction of ...