Neuroticism

Independent advances in the study of personality traits and personal values have clarified their foundations, antecedents, content, structure, and measurement. Accumulating evidence shows that personality traits are largely endogenous characteristics, while personal values are ...

The aim of the present study is to explore the linkages between personality and organization citizenship behavior (OCB) using a field sample. Big-Five personality model was used to explore the relationship between personality and OCB. The participants in the study were 187 doctors working in medical college in north India.  Four of the big five factors except Neuroticism were positively correlated with OCB. Hierarchical regression analysis on data after controlling for demographic variables indicated that, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism were valid predictors for OCB. However, Openness to experience showed no significant relationship with overall measure of OCB. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed. Keywords: Personality, OCB, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, India

The first to advance a theory of the neuroticism of society was K. Horney. Her work is the foundation for a discussion of the concept of normality, in opposition to which the meaning of neuroticism is established, and which is viewed as a sketch of contemporary western culture. This neuroticism is expressed not only in specific activities of individuals, but is also present in patterns composing culture. The mechanisms of individual and community functioning presented in the article are compared to the issue of shaping interpersonal relations, where a visible fall in trust and social engagement by individuals can be discerned. These two factors have a negative influence on the process of communication. Additionally, the individuals taking part in it draw on cultural patterns which are immersed in neuroticism. This all leads to increasing difficulty in engaging in an act of deep communication with another person, and in turn to the impoverishment of interpersonal relations

To assess the opinion of intensive care unit (ICU) personnel and the impact of their personality and religious beliefs on decisions to forego life-sustaining treatments (DFLSTs). Cross-sectional, observational, national study in 18 multidisciplinary Greek ICUs, with >6 beds, between June and December 2015. 149 doctors and 320 nurses who voluntarily and anonymously answered the End-of-Life (EoL) attitudes, Personality (EPQ) and Religion (SpREUK) questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was used to detect the impact of personality and religious beliefs on the DFLSTs. The participation rate was 65.7%. Significant differences in DFLSTs between doctors and nurses were identified. 71.4% of doctors and 59.8% of nurses stated that the family was not properly informed about DFLST and the main reason was the family's inability to understand medical details. 51% of doctors expressed fear of litigation and 47% of them declared that this concern influenced the information given to family and...

Instruments for the assessment of the Eysenckian superfactors of personality, Psychoticism (P), Extraversion (E), and Neuroticism (N), were developed over the course of almost 50 years. Typically the convergence with the precursor was examined when a new scale was published. In the present study the continuity and change of the substance of P, E, and N is tested by administering all instruments to a sample simultaneously, together with measures of the Five-Factor Model. A factor analysis of the 19 markers of the PEN model clearly yielded three factors, with higher loadings for E and N compared to P. The superfactors typically were measured purely after the historically second (or third, for P) instrument. Analysing the item difficulty confirmed that the P items were softened during the revisions but this created a confounding of item difficulty and content: The earlier “tough” items (mostly low Agreeableness) were gradually complemented by “softer” items representing the presumed obverse of P, superego strength (mostly low Conscientiousness). Finally, a part of the observed heterogeneity of P was due to these differences in item difficulty. Overall, the EPQ-R seems to be the most valid single measure of the PEN model.

We explored the relationship between dimensions of the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5; Harkness &
McNulty, 1994) of the Adolescent Version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-A; Butcher
et al., 1992) and borderline personality features as measured by the adolescent version of the Personality
Assessment Inventory (PAI-A; Morey, 2007) in a sample of 606 adolescents from an inpatient setting. Multiple
regression analysis indicated that a combination of Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality, Disconstraint,
Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality and Aggressiveness accounted for 54% of the variance in the PAI-A
Borderline Features Scale. Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality emerged as the strongest predictor. Although
females demonstrated higher mean scores across all PAI-A Borderline Scales, multivariate multiple regression
within the path analysis framework revealed no marked gender differences in the relationships between PSY-5
predictors and borderline features. The combination of Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality and Aggressiveness
was most strongly predictive of affective instability, identity problems and negative relations. Self-harm was best
predicted by a combination of Disconstraint, Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality and Aggressiveness.

Procrastination and personality are those behaviour aspects which affect the performance of an individual. The previous literature supports the fact that the neuroticism and the conscientiousness are strong predictors of the procrastination. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of neuroticism and conscientiousness on procrastination among the management students. The present study was conducted in the State of Punjab. The sample of the study contained 181 MBA students of public universities. The data were collected by the Judgement sampling technique. The result clears that conscientiousness and neuroticism were strong predictors of the procrastination. But the nature of the relationship between these variable was different. Neuroticism was found positively associated with the procrastination and conscientiousness was found negatively associated with the procrastination.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neuroticism and extroversion have a high and positive relationship with psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Since cardiovascular diseases are also considered as psychotic that can be reduced by modifying lifestyles and changing high risk behaviors this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on neuroticism and lifestyle of cardiovascular patients.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 30 patients with cardiovascular disease referred to Rouhani Hospital in Babol who were randomly divided into two groups of emotional schema therapy and control. The emotional schema therapy protocol was performed during 12 weekly sessions of 2 hours. Using NEO-FFI (score 12-60) and Health Promoting Lifestyle (HPLPII) questionnaires (score 48-192), before the intervention, after the intervention and one month later, the two groups were evaluated and compared.
FINDINGS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex. The mean scores of neuroticism before and after the intervention in the control group were 38.93±7.31 and 37.80±4.63, respectively, and in the emotional schema therapy group were 37.73±6.94 and 32.53±6.75, respectively. The mean score of promoter lifestyle in emotional schema therapy group before and after the intervention was 113.13±28.25 and 138±32.27, respectively (p<0.05). Implementation of emotional schema therapy had a significant effect on Neuroticism (6.95, 0.014 and 0.205) and lifestyle (11.67, 0.002 and 0.302) and led to the reduction of Neuroticism and the promotion of lifestyle.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that emotional schema therapy can be an effective intervention in reducing neuroticism and promoting lifestyle in cardiovascular patients.

Traditional, biologically based trait theories have deservedly gained broad acceptance, but some long-standing core issues of
personality research remain unresolved. Recent research questions whether (a) there can be a single universal structural
model of personality superfactors, (b) current theory adequately specifies the processes that mediate behavioral and emotional
expressions of traits, and (c) brain-based accounts of traits adequately explain their role in real-world functioning and
adaptation. This article reviews the perspective on these issues provided by cognitive-adaptive trait theory. This theory rejects
the view that personality dimensions directly reflect brain systems. Instead, traits correspond to variation in strategies for
managing key adaptive challenges. Thus, each trait is expressed in environments that pose those challenges, and each trait corresponds
to skills and self-knowledge that facilitate adaptation to those environments. The cognitive-adaptive theory affords
novel perspectives on trait psychometrics, theoretical accounts of mediating processes, and real-world adaptation.

Was macht gute Führung aus? Wer eignet sich als Führungskraft und warum? Und welche Motive stehen dahinter? All dies könnten Fragen sein, mit denen Personalreferenten und Diagnostiker regelmäßig konfrontiert werden. Obwohl der Großteil der kleinen Unternehmen immer noch auf „die Bauchentscheidung“ bei der Personalauswahl setzt, ist bei einigen Großkonzernen die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes valider Testverfahren mit einiger Verzögerung angekommen. Die nachfolgende Studie untersucht mögliche Einflussfaktoren der Persönlichkeit und deren Wirkung auf verschiedene Motivstrukturen und welche Auswirkung diese auf berufliches Verhalten haben können. Die daraus abgeleiteten Ergebnisse werden mit bestehenden theoretischen Betrachtungen in Verbindung gebracht und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Leistungsdiagnostik gegeben. Die Resultate zeigen insbesondere Zusammenhänge zwischen Offenheit und Gewissenhaftigkeit auf die intrinsische Motivation. Zudem werden Verbindungen zwischen Extraversion, Gewissenhaftigkeit und deren Einfluss auf das Machtmotiv festgestellt, welches gleichsam eine mögliche Vorhersage für den Willen darstellt, berufliche und akademische Herausforderungen anzunehmen.

One of the most important goals and outcomes of social life is to attain status in the groups to which we belong. Such face-to-face status is defined by the amount of respect, influence, and prominence each member enjoys in the eyes of the others. Three studies investigated ...

An integration of Heller's model of brain activity based on the affect circumplex and findings from personality research resulted in predictions for patterns of frontal and posterior EEG alpha related to basic dimensions of personality, extraversion and neuroticism (Heller, 1990, 1993). Extraversion was predicted to be associated with greater relative left frontal and increased right posterior region activity, and introversion with greater relative right frontal and decreased right posterior region activity. Neuroticism was predicted to be associated with greater relative right frontal and increased right posterior region activity, and emotional stability with greater relative left frontal and decreased right posterior activity. Measures of extraversion and neuroticism were collected, and resting EEG was recorded for males and females on one occasion for eight 60-s periods. As predicted, neuroticism was associated with greater relative right posterior activity. Predicted effects for neuroticism with frontal regions and for extraversion with brain activity were not significant. Results partially support the model of brain activity and affect proposed by Heller (1990, 1993), and suggest that it may be extended to include basic dimensions of personality such as neuroticism.

Procrastination has been of great interest to many researchers, with hundreds of studies done in the past 30 years. This paper presents the literature on procrastination focused on finding its location within the Big Five personality framework. Although different conceptualizations of procrastination exists, there is a consensus that both Conscientiousness and Neuroticism personality dimensions influence it.

This study investigated the effects of stress on visual selective attention according to the five-factor
model of personality (FFM). The sample was selected with respect to neuropsychological control variables by
multistage cluster sampling from unmarried male students of Tehran universities. On this account, there were 140
subjects equally distributed in 7 groups including six experimental groups and one control group. Subjects in
experimental groups administered cognitive stressful tasks and then their visual selective attention was assessed. The
control group’s visual selective attention was assessed without administrating cognitive stressful tasks. Sum of
errors in counting and classification were assigned as visual attention indexes. Results indicated that stress increased
significantly in both counting and classification errors (p<0.001). In addition, all experimental groups aggravated the
effect of stress on both counting error and classification error (p<0.05) significantly, except for E, the group with
high levels of extraversion that reduced and inverted that effect (p<0.05) significantly. These results revealed that
stress reduces the visual selective attention on neutral stimuli. Although, N, O, A, and C intensify the negative effect
of stress on visual selective attention, E reduces and inverts this negative effect.
Key words: Visual selective attention, Stress, Five-factor model of personality (FFM), Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness to Experience (O), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C).

Денес, современите општества налагаат динамичен начин на живот. Денес луѓето постојано се натпреваруваат со времето и постојано бркаат нови цели. Многу често низ таа бркотница тие забораваат да се свртат кон себе и кон потребите на својот организам. Со брзиот начин на живот доаѓа и брзата храна која се конзумира во големи количества, а со тоа се чини дека се јавува процеп помеѓу комуникацијата на организмот и свеста на човекот. Обезност или гојазност се јавува како последица на неквалитетна храна, а понатаму води кон дополнителни компликации во здравото функционирање на организмот. Скоро една третина од вкупната  популација во светот е со прекумерна тежина.

Resumen:
Introducción: La elección de la especialidad es una de las decisiones más importantes que deben afrontar los estudiantes de medicina tras terminar sus estudios. Siendo puramente social la naturaleza de esta profesión, las consecuencias de dicha decisión no sólo influyen al futuro especialista sino a toda la comunidad. La falta de orientación tras el examen MIR a la hora de especializarse sumado a los alarmantemente altos niveles de “burnout” dentro de las profesiones sanitarias hace suponer que quizás no todos los especialistas se sienten autorrealizados con su decisión; lo que le da importancia a este tema. Son diferentes los aspectos que se pueden valorar a la hora de estudiar la elección vocacional de la especialidad. Desde aspectos intrínsecos como la personalidad, el sexo, origen étnico o geográfico, estado civil; hasta aspectos extrínsecos como la facultad en la que se ha estudiado, el profesorado y los diferentes departamentos, las especialidades y su calidad de vida, así como el dinero o el tiempo libre. El presente trabajo pretende hacer una pequeña revisión de estos aspectos y estudiar si existe una posible asociación entre la elección vocacional de alguna especialidad con la tendencia neurótica o estabilidad emocional de los estudiantes.
Material métodos: Se ha realizado una encuesta a un total de 250 estudiantes de 2º y 4º curso de la Facultad de Medicina de Valencia en el año 2018; estudiando el sexo, curso, la elección vocacional de la especialidad (dividida este en 8 grupos de especialidades diferentes) y la tendencia al neuroticismo mediante el test EPI forma B adaptado para estudiantes.
Resultados: Aparecen diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se analiza la relación entre el sexo y la tendencia neurótica. No aparecen diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se analiza el sexo, curso, la tendencia neurótica/estabilidad emocional y la elección de la especialidad.
En 2 especialidades aparecen diferencias significativas, Medicina General, que fue elegida con un 64,5% por individuos con tendencia a la estabilidad emocional y Psiquiatría que fue escogida con un 65,5% por individuos con tendencia neurótica.
Discusión: Parece no existir un rasgo de personalidad claro que haga que un determinado perfil psicológico se decante por una determinada especialidad. A día de hoy parece ser que las especialidades son elegidas en función de características como el salario, el estilo de vida de la especialidad y el tiempo libre que se dispone para actividades ajenas a la medicina.

Two multidimensional mood-state inventories, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ), were administered to 289 Australian college undergraduates. Intercorrelations for the combined 14 subscales were subjected to a higher-order factor analysis in order to elucidate the central clinical states within the mood-state sphere. Results suggested four major state dimensions pertaining to Neuroticism, Hostility/Anger, Vigor, and a combined Extroversion/Arousal-Fatigue entity. Both three- and five-factor solutions were taken out for comparative purposes. Furthermore, separate higher-order factorings of the POMS on normative samples of 350 male and 650 female psychiatric outpatients were conducted, corroborating three of the four central state dimensions, at least in the case of females. The implications of these findings for behavioral assessment are discussed.

Background and objectives: According to the PICI model, second edition, the personality disorders of the neurotic area are six (anxious, phobic, obsessive, somatic, avoidant, and manic) and the diagnosis of the psychopathological disorder is determined on the basis of the persistence of certain dysfunctional traits present in the personality framework. However, on the basis of clinical experience and through the application of IPM/PICI, Deca, PDM, PHEM, and PPP-DNA models (including PF-SPEM and NDAM), it was found that all the disorders of the neurotic area had in common the anxiety traits and that the symptoms of the six different disorders were often present in comorbidity. This assumption led to the hypothesis that there was a different and better way to group them into a single, all-encompassing category: "neurotic personality disorder". This research aims to demonstrate whether or not the use of this hypothetical new nosographic construct is useful. Materials and methods: Individual clinical interview, consisting of the amnestic collection and administration of the PICI-2TA (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews, version 2-TA), PAD-Q (Perrotta Affective Dependency Questionnaire), PSM-1 (Perrotta Sexual Matrix) and PDM-Q (Perrotta Defence Mechanisms Questionnaire), to each group of population. Result: Of the selected sample of 326 subjects, 318 were eligible because they met the inclusive criteria. The three male groups, subdivided by age (18-36, 37-54, 55-72), completely resolved their neurotic symptoms in 86.7% (13/15), 87.5% (7/8) and 60% (3/5), for a partial total of 78.1% (23/28), while the remaining 21.9% (5/28) declared to have benefi ted from the PPP-DNA protocol with an attenuation of at least 50% of their neurotic symptoms. The three female groups, subdivided according to age (18-36, 37-54, 55-72), completely resolved their neurotic symptoms in 93.3% (154/165), 95% (57/60), and 92.3% (60/65), for a partial total of 93.5% (271/290), while the remaining 6.5% (19/290) declared to have benefi ted from the PPP-DNA protocol with at least a 50% attenuation of their neurotic symptoms. Conclusion: The PPP-DNA protocol is effective for 85.8% (with a greater prevalence of effectiveness in the female population) in the resolution of neurotic symptoms of anxious, phobic, somatic, avoidant, obsessive, and manic nature, both with the previous wording and with the new nosographic hypothesis "neurotic personality disorder", as it does not represent a new psychopathological construct but only a different way of grouping disorders of cluster A (neurotic) to avoid that the absorptions do not take into account important dysfunctional traits that are instead at the base of those disorders and therefore does not affect in any case the exact diagnosis of the dysfunctional personality profile.