Injury Management

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Summary Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Caus...

Respiratory tract fistulas (or fistulae) are abnormal communications between the respiratory system and the digestive tract or the adjacent organs. The origin can be congenital or, more frequently, iatrogenic and the clinical presentation is heterogeneous. Respiratory tract fistulas can lead to severely reduced health-related quality of life and short survival. Therapy mainly relies on endoscopic surgical interventions but patients often require prolonged hospitalization and may develop complications. Therefore, more conservative regenerative medicine approaches, mainly based on lipotransfer, have also been investigated. Adipose tissue can be delivered either as unprocessed tissue, or after enzymatic treatment to derive the cellular stromal vascular fraction. In the current narrative review, we provide an overview of the main tissue/cell-based clinical studies for the management of various types of respiratory tract fistulas or injuries. Clinical experience is limited, as most of the studies were performed on a small number of patients. Albeit a conclusive proof of efficacy cannot be drawn, the reviewed studies suggest that grafting of adipose tissue-derived material may represent a minimally invasive and conservative treatment option, alternative to more aggressive surgical procedures. Knowledge on safety and tolerability acquired in prior studies can lead to the design of future, larger trials that may exploit innovative procedures for tissue processing to further improve the clinical outcome.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries
along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global
Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published,
publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and
collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.
Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and
disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories.
Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries,
health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific
death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian
process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD
population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate
YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence,
prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were
multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered
results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of
schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every
metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution.
Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After
taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the
pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared
with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group.
Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower
respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough
(ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked
tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked
first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years
were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain
(fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the
top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a
marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries.
In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all
disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower
end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI.
Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of
health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective
intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with
disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of
universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on
population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease
control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve.

Bu çalışma; yakalama ve gözaltına alma uygulamalarında riskler ve iş kazalarının tespit edilmesine yönelik bir alan çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda katılımcıların demografik özellikleri olgusal sorular ile, araştırmanın alt problemlerine yönelik görüş ve algıları ise açık uçlu inanç ve kanı soruları ile betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada belirtilen hedefe ulaşabilmek için; hazırlanan anket formu kurum içi intranet ağı üzerinden personele dijital ortamda uygulanmış ve ankete 1066 kişi katılmıştır. Alan araştırması sonucu yakalama ve gözaltına alma uygulamalarında yaşanan riskler ve iş kazalarının neler olduğu ve sebepleri ile riskler ve iş kazaları ile karşılaşılan süreçler ve yöntemler belirlenmiştir. Son olarak katılımcıların görüşleri doğrultusunda yakalama ve gözaltına alma uygulamalarında yaşanan riskler ve iş kazalarından korunmak için yapılabilecek öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
ABSTRACT:
This study aims to explore occupational risks and accidents in seizure and detention practicesthrough a field study. For this purpose, the demographic characteristics of the respondentswere evaluated with the factual questions, while their perceptions about the sub-problems ofthe study were measured by open-ended questions. The survey was conducted via the TurkishNational Police (TNP) institutional intra-net (pol-net), and 1066 respondents, who are membersof TNP, were attended to the survey. The results of the field survey revealed the reasons andprocesses leading to occupational risks and accidents in seizure and detention practices.Depending on the insights obtained from the field study, this study generates suggestions thathelp coping with occupational risks and accidents in seizure and detention practices.
Keywords:
Occupational Incidents, Police, Risk, Seizure, Detention

Le bilan initial et les premiers soins conditionnent la qualité du traitement chirurgical secondaire des plaies complexes de la main. Le soignant primo-intervenant en est l’acteur principal. L’analyse de la gestion de ces traumatismes “en situation dégradée” permet de dégager les étapes essentielles de prise en charge initiale : contrôle du  saignement, prévention de l’infection et bilan lésionnel précis. Le transfert secondaire vers un centre spécialisé est ainsi optimisé.
[The initial assessment and care determine the quality of the secondary surgical treatment of complex hand wounds. The caregiver providing this initial care plays a critical role. The analysis of the management of these traumas in exceptional situations enables the key stages of the initial treatment to be identifi ed: bleeding control, infection prevention and an accurate assessment of the injury. These measures thereby help to optimise the patient’s transfer towards a specialised unit.]

Varicella or chickenpox is an infection caused by Varicella -Zoster
virus, which is transmitted mainly by respiratory secretions through
aerosol route. It is common in children but less so in adulthood,
however, with more severe clinical course in the later. The disease
is characterized by characteristic widespread exanthematous skin
lesions that are chiefly vesicular but may turn into pustular form in
certain cases. Vesicles and pustules not only pose a problem in surgical
management of fractures but also increase risk of secondary infections
in peri-operative period. We report a case posing management
challenges of humerus fracture owing to the presence of concomitant
pustular varicella infection.

Monteggia equivalent injuries are uncommon and require meticulous clinic-radiological evaluation to
diagnose. Neglection or under treatment of these injuries leads to suboptimal functional outcome. In most
of the cases, these injuries require open reduction and fixation to ensure satisfactory reduction of
fractures. Uneventful course of treatment leads to good union and functional outcome. The present case
describes a rare occurrence of type- 1 Monteggia equivalent lesion successfully managed with good
outcome.

In recent years, although sport sociologists have addressed the call ‘to bring the body back in’ to theorisations of sport and physical cultures, to date the ‘promise of phenomenology’ remains largely unfulfilled with regard to sporting embodiment and distance running specifically. Relatively few accounts are grounded in the ‘flesh’ of the lived sporting body, and phenomenology offers a powerful framework for such analysis. In our presentation, we employ a form of ‘phenomenological sociology’ in order to explore the lived meaning and experience of endurance in distance running and more specifically in training for distance running. Distance running cannot be accomplished, we argue, without substantial suffering and stoicism; an enduring mind and body are requisite. Drawing on two of our research projects on distance running, we seek here to ‘bring to life’ the sensuous ‘flesh’ of the running-body, and illustrate the talk with rich data, focusing upon the lived experience of endurance.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Despite the growing pace of climbing sports in Indonesia, the level of injury prevention and management could be among extraneous factors that may impede the athlete's achievement in such game. As a lack of adherence to preventive strategies is problematic in injury avoidance, the main purpose of the study is to determine/find out whether there is a significant relationship between variances-variables and variable-indicators along with disclose the level of knowledge, resources, and the ability in injury prevention and management among athletes. The nature of the research is descriptive with the mixed method where its approach was tested using structural equation modeling involving 76 athletes from all Indonesian provinces. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 23) and Partial Least Square Structure Equation Modelling. Results showed that information about their level of knowledge and competence towards prevention and management of injuries was still needed for improvement based on the values of data harvested and analyzed. There should be a significant correlation among research variable and indicators. However, not all data justified such relationship, where for some P-calculated was greater than 0.05 as the conventional scale. It is recommended that a certain program be designed and implemented that may nurture the improvement of athletes’ skills and knowledge by giving them service training for the same purpose.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

This study examined the acute effect of varied interval lengths and work: recovery (W:R) ratios on the ability to reach and maintain a high level of aerobic power. Eight female rowers (mean XVO2max of 3.46 [0.64] L · min) completed 1 continuous and 7 interval sessions on a Concept II rowing ergometer. Exercise intensity was set at a power output

This article examines the importance of narrative activity in the construction of the injured and rehabilitated sporting body and the successful reconstruction of positive athletic identity. It is based on collaborative autoethnographic research undertaken by the authors, both of whom are middle/long-distance runners, during a two-year period of injury and gradual rehabilitation. The paper delineates certain narratives which were generated during the process of injury and recovery, commencing with narratives of suffering and sacrifice, through those of pilgrimage and blame to the more positive narratives of compensation and subsequent empowerment and progress. We examine the role played by these narratives in enabling us to make sense phenomenologically of our injured bodies, to achieve momentum and to maintain positive running identities in the face of threat to the running selves. Via narrative exchanges, as ‘co-tellers’ we achieved a high degree of intersubjectivity which was crucial to our eventual return to full running fitness and athletic identity.

Stress is an adaptive response from the human body to meet any demand. Stress in the body is expressed through the secretion of the biomarker cortisol which can be quantified using non-­‐invasive salivary testing. (Ivkovic et al, 2015, Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Medicine in Nis, 32, 91 – 99). Participation in elite sports can lead to the likelihood of an individual experiencing larger than normal levels of stress due to varying factors. (Mellaliu et al, 2009, Journal of Sport Sciences, 27, 729-­‐ 744). Additionally, individual baseline cortisol levels typically fall into one of three specific bands, reporting as either low, average, or high, but the examination of what determines which band an individual falls into has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the correlation between Australian Rules football athlete's levels of baseline salivary cortisol, with a number of self-­‐reported psychological factors to determine why certain individuals fall into different bands. Following ethics approval from the Latrobe University Human Research Ethics Committee, 22 participants, mean age 22.5 (SD = 4.34), provided saliva samples at the same time every day for three days in the first week of pre-­‐season to determine individual baseline salivary cortisol levels. Participants were also required to complete a battery of self-­‐report measures to examine their personality characteristics, ability to problem solve and make decisions, establish levels of optimism and levels of perceived stress. Results demonstrated mean salivary cortisol levels of 4.6 nanomoles (SD = 3.56). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that participants with increased levels of cortisol had decreased levels of optimism (r=-­‐ 0.28), and participants who displayed strong decision-­‐making skills also had increased levels of cortisol (r= 0.56). Regarding personality, participants who exhibited high levels of the neurotic personality traits reported increased salivary cortisol levels (r= 0.2), similarly, participants who exhibited high levels of the personality trait openness had increased cortisol levels (r=-­‐0.92), whereas participants who exhibited low levels of agreeable personality traits had increased levels of cortisol (r=-­‐.38). These results suggest that individuals who have high levels of baseline cortisol are likely to exhibit personality characteristics such as being highly sceptical, aggressive, Impractical, deep thinkers, anxious, depressive and worrying. Furthermore, individuals with increased cortisol levels are less optimistic but are likely to be better decision makers. These findings will help team support staff better understand individual athletes stress and determine appropriate interventions to maximise management outcomes.

Book reviews 763 bombastic leftist public intellectual who cleverly shows us how to articulate progressive social movement politics with contemporary sports. His work makes me wish I had thought of what he thought, wrote what he wrote, and said just what he said. I want Zirin to keep writing more books like Game Over that I can use in my undergraduate classes as a 'gateway drug' to get students hooked on the pleasures and merits of the social, cultural, political and historical study of sports. Finally, all sport studies scholars should consider reading Game Over in conjunction with Zirin's (2008) article in Contexts, if only to reflect on such things as: the writing styles we employ, the place of theory, the intended purpose(s) of our scholarship, the potential value in writing for non-academic audiences, and the extent to which we embrace the political stakes in our work. Zirin's call was a critique cast as a compliment to the field of sport sociology: an invitation for us to make our scholarship more useful for social progressives interested in intervening in the local politics of sports; a call to make our research and expertise matter in real time, contemporary struggles over race, gender, sex-uality, labor relations, and globalization. At the very least, we should take the time to engage with these issues because maintaining a future for the critical, socio-cultural study of sports in the academy—in the United States at least—may just depend on it. References Zirin D (2007) Welcome to the Terrordome: The Pain, Politics, and Promise of Sports. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books. Zirin D (2008) Calling sports sociology off of the bench. Contexts 7: 28–31.

A 60-year-old farmer came to the accident and emergency department complaining of traumatic amputation of distal part of right thumb. On examination, there was a circumferential wound located at the base of right thumbnail with injury to both neurovascular bundles and fracture of distal part of distal phalanx with the distal part hanging by volar skin only. The wound was irrigated and the distal part terminalised with direct loose skin closure. Discussion with the patient about the scenario of trauma revealed a mechanism of injury which may appear unique.

The musculoskeletal injuries of hand require meticulous handling and appropriate intervention for
optimal outcome. The open metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) dislocations are rare injuries with high
dependence on early adequate management and early rehabilitation to ensure good function and
dexterity. The delicate soft tissue handling and adherence to principles of antisepsis prove instrumental in
standard treatment protocol. The MCP dislocations have been studied and reported extensively with other
associated injuries or in isolation. The presented report underlines a rare occurrence of simultaneous
three MCP dislocations in a hand with an open palmar wound managed accordingly with satisfactory
outcome.

The overuse injuries are a product of repetitive stresses over body tissues. These are common in outdoor sports arena and their incidence is increasing due to more participation in sports and other recreational activities. Indoor activities like playing musical instruments that require repetitive joint movements has potential for tendinopathy or arthropathies due to cyclic physiological loading. There is sometimes rare occurrence of stress fractures of underlying bones that requires high index of suspicion and judicious use of imaging techniques.

The first step to reduce the incidence of injuries in athletes is to assess the characteristics of occurrence, providing background for the structure and application of prevention programs. This study had the aim to investigate the incidence of injuries in sailing athletes of different technical levels. The sample was composed of 172 sailors, divided in three groups: 89 beginners, participants in the Optimist qualifying of the World Championship (group 1); 29 juvenile sailors, participants in the Youth Sailing Cup (group 2) and 54 national elite sailors, participants in the Pre-Olympic Sailing Week (group 3). The data collection instrument was a mixed questionnaire and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Five athletes from group 1 (5.6%); five athletes from group 2 (17.2%) and 15 athletes from group 3 (27.8%) reported some kind of injury related with the modality. Higher incidence of injury was observed in the back and knee and the most reported diagnostic was muscular injury, followed by cuts, sprains and tendinitis. The incidence in sailing is low if compared with other sport modalities, despite the high physical demand required during the actions on the boat. It was verified that the professional athletes, who had higher age mean and time of practice, suffered the most injuries. On the other hand, the lowest incidence was among children and adolescents. Therefore, it is important that prevention programs start from the first years of practice in order to reduce the risk to future outbreaks, especially of chronic nature. Based on this information concerning kinds of injury, we suggest inclusion of exercises specific to musculature conditioning and compensation in the training programs, as well as stretching and relaxation sessions.