Integrative Medicine

Abstract
Objective:
This article proposes a new diagnostic entity called the Deep Gluteal Syndrome and makes a very rough estimation of its minimum prevalence in a primary care environment.
Design
It is based on a collection of case reports on retrospectively collected data from an unselected patient material in a Norwegian primary care setting.
Results
Deep Gluteal Syndrome (DGS) was diagnosed in 187 out of 986 patients, giving a prevalence of 19.9%. Only patients with anamnestic signs of Deep Gluteal Syndrome were investigated. This means that the real prevalence of Deep Gluteal syndrome may be higher. Deep Gluteal Syndrome was found in association with a range of conditions  including lumbago, diffuse neck/shoulder/arm problems, hip and buttock pain, sciatica and diffuse lower abdomen/pelvic pain, fibromyalgia and tension headache.
The syndrome is defined as tenderness and abnormal pain sensitivity in the Parasacrococcygeal area. The pain disappears together with the above mentioned associated conditions after appropriate stretching, or injection with local anaesthetics.  The syndrome can be treated with a probable success rate of more than 80%.  The main treatments are exercise, manipulation, stretching exercises, manual manipulation of the deep gluteal muscles, ultrasound treatment, steroid and/or botulinum toxin injections and surgery. 
Conclusions
These data suggests that the so-called Deep Gluteal Syndrome(DGS) is severely underdiagnosed. It also postulates DGS  as a possible etilogical factor for Low Back Pain, Sciatica and several other chronic pain conditions. With more research, and education about appropriate diagnosis and treatment, there might be a huge potential for relief of suffering and financial savings to the health system.

Poor mood and elevated anxiety are linked to increased incidence of disease. This study examined the effects of sound meditation, specifically Tibetan singing bowl meditation, on mood, anxiety, pain, and spiritual well-being. Sixty-two women and men (mean age 49.7 years) participated. As compared with premeditation , following the sound meditation participants reported significantly less tension, anger, fatigue, and depressed mood (all Ps <.001). Additionally, participants who were previously naïve to this type of meditation experienced a significantly greater reduction in tension compared with participants experienced in this meditation (P < .001). Feeling of spiritual well-being significantly increased across all participants (P < .001). Tibetan singing bowl meditation may be a feasible low-cost low technology intervention for reducing feelings of tension, anxiety, and depression, and increasing spiritual well-being. This meditation type may be especially useful in decreasing tension in individuals who have not previously practiced this form of meditation.

This interview explores the nature of the study and the clinical practice of Tibetan medicine. Also included are topics such as the issues involved in the preservation of ancient forms of medicine in the modern world, medical integration, biopiracy, and the application of intellectual property rights to traditional culture. Eliot Tokar is a traditional Tibetan medicine doctor and internationally experienced writer and lecturer. He practices Tibetan medicine in NYC and is one of the first Westerners to have received extensive textual and clinical training in this field.

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of blood-letting cupping (BLC) therapy as a complementary therapy in management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to investigate its modulatory effects on natural killer cells (NK) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2R). Two groups of RA patients diagnosed according to American Rheumatology Association were included: Group I included 20 patients who received the conventional medicinal therapy of RA, Group II included 30 patients who received combined conventional and BLC therapy. Ten age and sex matched normal controls were also included, as group III. Visual analogue score (VAS), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), disease activity scores (DAS), laboratory markers of disease activity [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Rheumatoid factor (RF)] were evaluated on 3 successive months, NK cell (%) measured by flow cytometry and SIL-2R concentrations measured by ELISA were also assessed. After one month of combined therapy there was significant (P < 0.001) reduction in VAS (5.16 ± 0.28), TJC (11.62 ± 1.03), SJC (10.13 ± 1.02) and DAS (5.35 ± 0.14). Early and marked reductions in laboratory markers of disease activity (26.90 ± 3.68) for CRP, (51.46 ± 6.06) for RF and (40.56 ±3.36) for ESR were also detected as compared to base line, while the effects of conventional therapy appeared late after 3 months of treatment. Conventional therapy induced significant depression in white blood cell (WBC %) (p<0.001) whereas combined therapy induced marked (p<0.001) elevation since the first month (8.44 ± 1.58) compared to base line (6.94 ± 1.58). There was a significant (P<0.05) lowering in NK cell (%) with conventional therapy while combined therapy induced significant (P<0.001) increase (11.33 ± 0.4.7) compared to base line level (8.50 ± 0.46). Additionally, combined therapy resulted in marked reduction (P < 0.001) in SIL-2R conc. after 3 months of treatment (1790+68.11) compared to base line (2023 ± 92.95), while insignificant reduction was detected with the conventional therapy. The improvement rate (%) of clinical, laboratory cellular & immunological parameters were significantly higher with combined therapy than with conventional therapy. Moreover, strong positive correlations (p<o.ooo1) were detected between SIL-R conc. and clinical parameters VAS (r=0.890), TJC (r = 0.905), SJC (r= 0.872) and DAS (r=0.923) and also between SIL-R conc. and ESR (r=0.973), CRP (r=0.933), RF (r=0.941), while a strong negative correlation was found with NK count cell % (r=0.927). In conclusion, BLC therapy combined with conventional therapy may improve the clinical condition of patients with RA. It has modulatory effects on the innate (NK %) and adaptive cellular (SIL-2R conc.) immune responses that could be used as monitoring tools for disease activity and prognosis.

According to researchers Grazyna Fosar and Franz Bludorf, DNA is influenced by words and frequencies.  According to their research, the key lies with the other 90% of the non-coding for protein DNA, often misrepresented as “junk DNA”, that serves as data storage and communication. The research of Russian biophysicist and molecular biologist Dr. Pjotr Garajajev suggests that living chromosomes function just like solitonic/holographic computers using endogenous DNA laser radiation. In simpler terms, words and sentences of our human language can recode our DNA.  However, here are vital questions that are not addressed in ALL of the Russian research: 1) What is the actual language of the introns or potential DNA, 2) How does language turn on or off the DNA, and 3) How does this apply to consciousness and healing the bio-energetic body? This paper will answer the above questions and propose a more sophisticated and advanced perspective on how language affects the introns.

This dissertation will examine the sound effects of singing bowls in the energy channels or meridians of the vital body. Ryodoraku device will analyze if the sound frequency fields generated around the patient by the geometric arrangement at twelve singing bowls has a positive therapeutic impact on the meridians of the vital body.

Coronaviruses are a series of viruses that constitutes the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae (scientific name). There are numerous strains of the Coronavirus, some severe and some mild. Such strains consist of  (HCoV-OC43), HKU1, (HCoV-NL63, New Haven coronavirus), HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV(aka HCoV-EMC), SARS-CoV or "SARS-classic, SARS-CoV-2(aka 2019-nCoV or COVID-19 Pandemic). The common cold is also a member of this family. The Coronavirus primarily affects the upper respiratory system & gastrointestinal tract in humans. Western conventional medicine has not found a viable vaccine for the Coronavirus, as western therapies have proven ineffective, however Asian sciences have long stood the test of time in being able to provide scientific backed research and studies on various natural medicines & clinical herbs that have both strong antibacterial & antiviral properties & of which have shown promising efficacy in combating global pandemics such as the Coronavirus when properly compounded.

It is my intent to demonstrate, via documented research of oriental medicinal herbs, the properties of Lo-FluCoron Rx® & its promising effectiveness, in conjunction with other protocols we have developed, as a complementary therapy, to both prevent & provide effective, life-saving support for infections of the upper respiratory & gastrointestinal tract, in order to combat & defeat this dangerous pandemic that has altered life as we know it around the world.

Intravenously administered high dose ascorbic acid (HDIVC) as used in cases of patients who have cancer has considerable mythology surrounding it. The purpose of this review is not to exhaustively recap the data regarding this therapy but rather to address basic issues of safety, pharmacology and outcomes of ongoing research.

Professional ethical codes identify the issue of conflict of interest, which can distort doctors&#39; objective judgements concerning the best interests of patients. Legal fiduciary duties may be owed by doctors to patients in situations of potential conflict of interest. Prescribing and dispensing functions have been largely legally separated to prevent conflicts of interest arising. The advent of integrative medicine has been accompanied by an apparent growth of in-house selling of therapeutic products. Medical merchandising constitutes a prima-facie conflict of interest and may amount to notifiable conduct under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law provisions. We believe that doctors who sell therapeutic products should adhere to strict conditions to avoid significantly departing from accepted professional standards. Doctors who have a reasonable belief that a colleague is failing to comply with these conditions could consider notifying the Medical Board of Australia.

Statement of Purpose: Although 75% of breast cancer patients may use integrative medicine, only 11.5% early-stage breast cancer patients believe integrative medicine has anticancer activity. The gap in users of and firm believers in integrative medicine indicates a need to increase awareness of integrative medicine's applicability to curative cancer treatment. As diet, nutraceuticals, and traditional Chinese medicine are used by up to 82% of cancer patients who use integrative medicine, this paper focuses on nutraceuticals. As female cancer patients are most likely to use integrative medicine, nutraceuticals specific to breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer are reviewed. Methods: PubMed searches in September 2016 and January 2017, and accompanying hand searches were performed for English language, free full text articles published from 2012 onwards. Search terms were combinations of the key words: Homeopathy, phytochemicals, breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer, prevention, treatment. Curative nutraceutical treatments were taken from these searches. Supplemental hand searches were performed as needed. Findings: Integrative nutraceutical therapies are based on biologic plausibility. Individual nutraceuticals are frequently comprised of numerous phytochemical types, and have multiple mechanisms of action. Agonist-antagonist mechanisms are not exclusive to phytoestrogens, complicating which derivative or whole nutraceutical to use. Research on breast and cervical cancer inhibitors has seemingly outpaced that for endometrial and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer inhibitors include terpenes, isoflavones, organosulphurs, organoselenium compounds, and withanolides. Conclusion and Significance: Potential nutraceutical candidates for curative cancer treatment abound. Discerning which constituents, which extraction method, and which delivery method to use for an efficacious treatment is an essential, lengthy process. If nutraceuticals such as limonene and Kahalalide F move forward to Phase III trials a nutraceutical cancer treatment pipeline may be established. Withaferin-A and derivatives for breast and ovarian cancer appear to be the leading gynecologic cancer nutraceutical drug candidates.

► OVERVIEW:

♦ An "information-including medicine" is a material that the rendition of its respective physical information via a certain part of the living system termed "parallel body" leads to its corresponding biotic qualities in the living being. Viremedy, homeopathic medicines, and the so-called intentional healing medicines are among such medicines. 

♦ Viremedy, as a basic remedy, could raise the vitality of the living creature within the framework of its nature. A rise in vitality means "a general increase in the fulfillment degree of biotic capabilities, such as resistance (resilience) to exogenous and endogenous stresses, in the broad sense". This basic remedy improves the natural regulatory and healing operations.

♦ In this text, allowing for the related facts and experiments, "the Physical Essence" and "the Mechanisms of the Actions" of information-including medicines have been generally explicated by putting forward a working theory. Additionally, "Viremedy", "its Origin", and some relevant topics have been presented. These topics are also included: "Some Controlled Experiments Conducted About any Effects of Viremedy on Vitality"; "Some Points About the Holistic Healing Process Actuated by Viremedy Use"; "Some Application Methods of Viremedy"; "The Possible Use of Other Treatments Together With Viremedy". (What is entitled the "Improved Homeopathy" has been briefly introduced in this synopsis as well.)

♦ Facts, such as the results of the appropriate controlled experiences suitably designed and performed to correctly evaluate the degree of Vitality, are the final judge.

/●●●/

- Citation:
Esmaeili, Kamyar: «Information-including Medicines; Physics and Mechanism of Action (With Emphasis on "Viremedy") A Synopsis [Subtitle: Viremedy, Homeopathic Medicines, and the So-called Intentional Healing Medicines]». Independently Published [Kindle Direct Publishing Platform]; Pp. 251; Version: Dec 2022.

♦ Publisher: Independently Published [Kindle Direct Publishing Platform]

♦ This book, especially in PDF format, has also been presented for free on some websites such as https://sites.google.com/site/viremedy, archive.org, Researchgate.net, etc.

►► Viremedy is Not a Monopolistic Production or Finding of any Person or Group.

►►► https://sites.google.com/site/viremedy
. [Dec. 2022]

The next step in reestablishing credibility seams to us honesty and recognizing we all share a common goal of the health and wellness of the human community and the planet. Everyone agrees that the current healthcare system, despite its many incredible successes, is also showing its limitations and is no longer sustainable. We believe the solution starts with us the researchers and editors. A good first step might be formally recognizing the errors and showing how we can and intend to get better.

► Here, information-including medicines in general and Viremedy in particular have been briefly presented "upon the pertaining literature".
◆ An "information-including medicine" is a material that the rendition of its respective physical information via a certain part of the living system termed "parallel body" leads to its corresponding biotic qualities in the living being. Viremedy, homeopathic medicines, and the so-called intentional healing medicines are among such medicines.
◆ "Viremedy", as an information-including medicine, could raise the vitality of the living creature within the framework of its nature. A rise in vitality means a general increase in the fulfillment degree of biotic capabilities, like the resistance to exogenous and endogenous stresses, in the broad sense. This "basic remedy" improves "the natural regulatory and healing operations" at various levels.
◆ Given the Viremedy use effects also in improving and modulating the immune system in its broad sense, this remedy can also be useful in the prevention and therapy of emerging diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019, together with other expedient treatments and measures. Any effectual battle with the diseases like COVID-19 necessitates "a holistic and integrative attitude".
◆ The effects of Viremedy in raising the vitality of living creatures, with different degrees of development & complexity of the parallel body, have also been demonstrated in controlled studies. For instance, its significant effects in combating the severe infections caused by Herpes simplex type 1 virus, Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) parasite, and Salmonella typhimurium bacterium have been shown in reproducible, animal studies.
◆ Additionally, also considering the high prevalence of pseudoscience and pseudomedicine in the field of complementary and alternative medicine, a call for reproducing a funded animal study about Viremedy effects in a highly credible center has been made to put an end to the long-standing and hot debates about the effectiveness, as well as the physical essence, of information-including medicines.
◆ The overall effect of a holistic treatment on the "vitality" is the only criterion to distinguish true healing from various forms of untrue healing ...
◆ Facts, like ..., are the final judge.
◆ Viremedy is not a monopolistic production or finding of any person or group.
●●●
► https://sites.google.com/site/viremedy

This article will compare the diagnostic approaches of Western biomedicine and Tibetan medicine. The biomedical disease irritable bowel syndrome will be used as a case study. It will be contrasted with the multiple nosological categories that could be used in TIbetan medicine to achieve a differential diagnosis for patients with symptoms that are typical of this biomedical disease.

As a result of the grassroots alternative medicine movement, for four decades Americans have increasingly used a wide diversity of natural medical approaches. Among these are ancient systems of traditional natural medicine such as Tibetan medicine. As the use of such medical alternatives expand it is important to consider how they can be best utilized within our society.

The integration of such systems into the existing medical industrial complex is an approach sponsored by powerful voices within the government, academia and the medical industry. Alternatively, many laypeople and health professionals advocate for medical pluralism in order to provide a means for promoting the greatest possible healthcare diversity and freedom. In analyzing the debate between integration and pluralism it is vital to consider how they will each effect the actual practice of traditional natural medical systems as well as the indigenous cultures from which such disciplines originate. This article will draw upon the history of Tibetan medicine to inform the debate between integration and pluralism. Finally, it will pose some critical questions regarding medical reform.

There remains a translational gap between research findings and their implementation in clinical practice that applies to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as to other major disorders of brain health in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Research studies have identified potential ‘markers’ to support diagnostic, functional assessment and treatment decisions, but there is little consensus about these markers. Of these potential markers, cognitive measures of thinking functions, such as sustaining attention and associated electrical brain activity, show promise in complementing the clinical management process. Emerging evidence highlights the relevance of emotional, as well as thinking, functions to ADHD. Here, we outline an integrative neuroscience framework for ADHD that offers one means to bring together cognitive measures of thinking functions with measures of emotion, and their brain and genetic correlates. Understanding these measures and the relationsh...

Oxytocin is frequently referred to as the “love hormone” or “cuddle hormone”. Recent clinical interest in
human oxytocin has shifted from studying its role in pregnancy and lactation to understanding its impact
on human social behaviour. The role of oxytocin has been studied using measurements in urine, blood
and cerebrospinal fluid, nasal spray through nostrils or sublingual delivery and genotyping. Studies have
focused on the impact of oxytocin on human social behaviour, including social relationship, orgasms and
sexuality, social decision-making, social information processing, social memory and anxiety. Recently,
researchers have examined the therapeutic potential of oxytocin in the treatment of psychopathological
diseases, including autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive
disorder and schizophrenia. Further studies are concentrating on supplementation, dosages, delivery
systems and its clinical application.
Dr Fernando Cortizo
BSc, BSc (Honours) PhD, BM, MBA
Scientific Director, Coordinator and CEO
Ageless Asia and
The Damansara Autism Management Institute
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

"Bringing Critical Humanistic Thinking to Contemporary  Biomedicine" presents an in-depth discussion between Vincent Di Stefano, author of "Holism and Complementary Medicine. Origins and Principles" and Richard House, psychologist, author, and editor of "Self and Society". Among other things, the discussion explores the paradigmatic differences between the style of practice of contemporary biomedicine, and more naturalistic and humanistic approaches to health and sickness. It includes both personal and theoretical reflections and encompasses a wide range of cultural and philosophical perspectives.

EECP therapy is a safe, noninvasive treatment for patients with angina, heart failure and higher risk of
cardiovascular events.
EECP treatment is typically provided on an outpatient basis in 35 one-hour sessions over a period of
approximately seven weeks. Additional hours may be safely and effectively added to this standard
regimen if physician evaluation of the patient’s response to treatment determines additional hours will
result in greater relief of angina symptoms, i.e., “treating to target.”
In certain circumstances, adjusting the patient’s treatment regimen to two hours per day can make it
more comfortable for the patient to complete a course of EECP therapy.
Studies have shown that the hemodynamics of EECP therapy closely resemble those of the intra-aortic
balloon pump (IABP), 3long held as the “gold standard” for circulatory support of hemodynamically
compromised patients. The magnitude of diastolic augmentation that can be achieved with EECP therapy
was found comparable to that of the IABP, resulting in improved coronary blood flow with decreased cardiac workload.
Author: Dr Fernando Cortizo BSc, BSc (Honours) PhD, BM, MBA Scientific Director, Coordinator and CEO Ageless Asia and The Damansara Autism Management Institute Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Based his decades of clinical experience and scholarly work in Tibetan medicine, the author analyzes the rapprochement between Tibetan medicine and the industry of complementary and alternative medicine/integrative medicine. Discussed in depth are the social, ethical and medical significance of the transformation of traditional Tibetan medicine in the context of Western (esp. American) normative public health policies. The author shows how in that context, a neo-traditional medical practice can be constructed, that advances the translation of traditional Asian medical concepts and terminology in a way that is intended to be both faithful to traditional theory, and that makes it accessible and useful to the wide spectrum of patients of diverse cultural, language and economic backgrounds found in New York City.

Originally published as © Vasquez A. Microbial Origins of Fibromyalgia. Naturopathic Doctor News and Reviews 2016 Apr ndnr.com/pain-medicine/microbial-origins-of-fibromyalgia derived from Inflammation Mastery, 4th Edition excerpted as Pain Revolution (full-color) and Brain Inflammation (discounted grayscale printing). Copyright © 2014-present by Dr Alex Vasquez https://www.InflammationMastery.com/fibromyalgia 
See related video archive at https://www.inflammationmastery.com/fibromyalgia-migraine-videos-news

Les politiques de santé africaines s'attachent, depuis des décennies, à valoriser leur médecine traditionnelle, marginalisée depuis le développement du système biomédical dominant. En prenant le cas de Madagascar, le présent article montre l'émergence d'une médecine intégrative, qui se situe au carrefour de deux systèmes de santé : un local, traditionnel et un global, diffusé et imposé par des politiques internationales (OMS, etc.). La valorisation et le contrôle des médecines traditionnelles passent par leur évaluation thérapeutique. Celle-ci est conduite par des politiques aussi bien nationales qu'internationales, notamment par le biais de programmes de développement et de coopération décentralisée. Le champ de la santé est alors le siège d’enjeux et de pouvoirs aussi bien sanitaires que culturels, sociaux, politiques et économiques.

Screening tests are ubiquitous in contemporary medical practice, yet the principles of screening can be widely misunderstood. That is, screening can be the testing of apparently well people to find those at increased risk of having a disease or disorder. Within this framework of scientific inquiry, the investigation of blood samples can assist the clinician in identifying factors in the blood that may be consistent with abnormal disease process. Such scrutiny of blood sample components can be further investigated with darkfield microscopy, the technique that underpins the Live Blood Analysis (LBA) test. Like all manner of scientific devices, the LBA test has limitations. What it does not purport to be is a diagnostic test for disease. It is however a valuable screening tool that aids the clinician who deals with medicine and lifestyle-nutritional interventions as key modifiable risk factors in the prevention of disease.

Over the course of the 20th century, the Chinese medical formula Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Small Life Preserving Decoction, 小續命湯) went from being the gold standard of treatment for the TCM pattern “wind-like strike”, to being expressly contraindicated for the same disease by most leading authorities. Yet, in the 21st century, there was a marked resurgence of interest in and research into the application of Xiao Xu Ming Tang in wind-like strike. This essay explains this striking vicissitude in the understanding of Xiao Xu Ming Tang over the last century through an analysis of the theoretical and socio-political factors that influenced the formula’s greatest adversary, leading light of the early 20th century east-west integration school Zhang Shan-lei, and the formula’s greatest champion, a top authority on Chinese medicine in acute conditions, Li Ke. Through this examination, this essay highlights the instability and dynamism of TCM theories as they are co-opted and refracted through competing paradigms of thought.

We are faced with a failing western healthcare system that has divorced itself from the Eternal Creator, from nature, and from the true definition of medicine. The world is in a crisis and must come to a reckoning with true quality healthcare that takes the fight to disease rather than tries to cover it up and then makes a profit off of human suffering.

Western medicine has been deceptive to the world long enough and now it stands in the way of saving lives by blocking more effective solutions such as Oriental Medicine & German Homeopathic medicine that has previously helped stop pandemics and can once again be on the front lines to battle pandemics and degenerative diseases as well as serve as primary care.

It's time for the world to stand up and choose which type of Physician they will entrust with their lives. The one defined by man or the one defined by the Almighty Adonai Yahwah of the Scriptures.

Background:
The Bhutanese So-wa-rig-pa medicine (BSM) was integrated with the allopathic (modern) health care system in 1967. Ever since the health care integration policy was implemented, the BSM has gone through many phases of quality improvement and changes including the establishment of one university-based institute, 58 hospitals and Basic Health Units (BHU)-based health care services, and one traditional medicine factory. The BSM provides primary health care services to more than 20–30 % of patients who visit hospitals and BHU on a daily basis. However, there has been no study covering the quality assurance system of BSM. Our paper addresses this information gap.
Methods:
This study was an observational ethnographic study supported by phenomenological understanding and content analysis of the data. The information was triangulated through consultation with the BSM practitioners (discussion (N= 8)) and personalized in-depth question-answer sessions using electronic protocols (N= 5). These participants comprised BSM educationists, clinical physicians, researchers, production and the quality assurance staff who were selected using convenience and purposive sampling method. The relevant So-wa-rig-pa
information and literature were obtained from the government policy documents, official websites, scientific papers and the traditional
medical texts. This study is enhanced by our practical observations and first-hand experience with BSM while working as the researchers at the Ministry of Health in Bhutan. In addition, the information in this paper is crosschecked and authenticated by five So-wa-rig-pa practitioners of Bhutan.
Results:
The study highlights the following: a) The BSM receives both the government and people’s support, b)The quality assurance system have been developed by integrating the traditional empirical knowledge and modern scientific protocols, c) There exist three administrative and functional organizations responsible for providing the quality BSM health
care services in Bhutan, d) Extensive standard treatment guidelines and Quality documentation system exist for BSM as required by the regulatory bodies in Bhutan. The paper also recommends appropriate future directions for BSM.
Conclusions:
The BSM plays significant role in the primary health care system of the country. Consequently, the quality, safety and efficacy of BSM has been given priority by the Bhutan government. Many scientific protocols were integrated with the traditional quality approaches and further scientific studies are still required to improve its quality.