Internal Factors

The study aims to provide an analysis and systematize the complex of factors influencing the transformation of party systems. We attempt to identify the relationship between their general and specific influences in particular countries to explore the transformation process's general patterns and national characteristics in European Union's political spaceion. This study's method is based on an overview of the unique bibliography collected by the researchers, which includes sources devoted to the study of foreign parties and party systems in the European Union by modern political scientists. The analysis shows the specification of internal and external factors that influence the adaptation of the political parties and systems to the EU's changing situation, country, and society. The modern transformation of political parties and party systems in the EU is caused by the phenomenon of globalization, the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009, the overlapping migration crisis of 2015-2026, Brexit and changes in the institutional environment, and the democratic deficit in the EU itself. The obtained results have verified the research hypothesis. This study discussed modern tendencies in the transformation of political parties and political space in the European Union under the influence of different, controversial but discrete factors of development and complete explanation about the essence of new types of political parties

Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging propert...

This study was aimed to bring an insight about influence of attitudes and considerations of individual taxpayers on tax compliance in Yemen taking internal and external factors into consideration. The study was conducted in Sana’a, the capital city of Yemen to evaluate and rank the factors that reduce taxpayer compliance. A questionnaire was designed using a five point Likert scale and distributed to tax payers in order to learn their opinions. The results indicated that, high tax rates and unfair tax system are the two most crucial factors associated with low compliance. Furthermore, insufficient tax auditing, little deterrent effects of tax penalties and tax amnesties enacted frequently have impact on taxpayers’ compliance decision. The factors like insufficient tax office staff number and frequent tax code changes affect tax compliance to a lesser extent.It was also revealed that collected taxes did not return as public goods and services in Yemen. When the responses are compared...

Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging properties of CRMB is also discussed. Finally several techniques of chemical modification to terminal blends of CRMB and the subsequent improvement to the settling property of CRMB are explained. © 2013 Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim et al.

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2013/415246/abs/

Unfruitfulness is a major problem in many fruit crops and their varieties result in huge loss to growers and make fruit cultivation less profitable. Unfruitfulness in fruit crops refers to the state where the plant is not capable of flowering and bearing fruit. However, the causes of unfruitfulness can be broadly grouped into two categories: Internal and external factors. Among the internal factors, dichogamy prevents self pollination in perfect as well as monoecious flowers. The occurrence of flowers with variable style length (heterostyly) is common in Prunus fruits. The proportion of aborted pollen grains varied from 22.5 to 48.0 % in cashewnut. In apricot cv. ‘Trevatt Blue’, multiple ovules and anthers with degenerated microspores resulted in both female and male sterility and in ‘Tokaloglu’, the reason for unfruitfulness is self incompatibility (Gulcan and Askin, 1991). External factors, like temperature that is above 32°C, result in desiccation of stigmatic surface and more ra...

Faktor internal penambahbaikan produktiviti kerja merupakan komponen yang penting dalam memastikan kestabilan produktiviti kerja di sesebuah organisasi. Elemen faktor internal yang merangkumi hard factor dan soft factor boleh dijadikan panduan kepada organisasi untuk melakukan penambahbaikan dalam organisasi mengikut kepentingan semasa khususnya sistem pekerjaan masa kini yang telah berubah secara mendadak. Kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji keperluan mengambil kira faktor internal penambahbaikan produktiviti kerja menurut kepentingan semasa dan mengenalpasti pengaruh faktor internal terhadap produktiviti kerja menurut kepentingan semasa. Penulis menggunakan kaedah sumber sekunder iaitu hanya melaksanakan kaedah kepustakaan dengan menggunakan e-book, internet, artikel dan buku ilmiah untuk mengumpul maklumat berkaitan tajuk yang telah diberikan bagi menyiapkan artikel ini. Pengkaji mendapati hard factor dan soft factor dalam komponen faktor internal mempengaruhi tahap produktiviti kerja dalam sesebuah organisasi. Oleh itu, semua pihak memainkan peranan yang penting dalam menjamin produktiviti pekerja dengan mengambilkira setiap faktor penambahbaikan produktiviti khususnya faktor internal dimana setiap komponen dalam faktor internal tersebut dapat membantu organisasi untuk mencapai matlamat yang diimpikan.

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation in Iran. The statistical population of this study included members of the federation's board of directors, chairmen of the federation committees, heads of provincial councils as well as sports and management elites. 50 experts participated in this study through total sampling approach. According to the results of the research, a total of 18 strengths, 30 weaknesses, 12 opportunities, and 17 threats for Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation were identified and based on the internal and external factors, the strategic position of the Pahlevani and Zourkanei Federation in the WT region was determined. A total of 19 strategies, including five SO strategies, five ST strategies, six WO strategies, and three WT strategies for the Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation, were developed. Therefore, according to the results of SWOT analysis matrix, it is necessary to use more than a defensive or stabilization strategy to manage the development of Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation.

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation in Iran. The statistical population of this study included members of the federation's board of directors, chairmen of the federation committees, heads of provincial councils as well as sports and management elites. 50 experts participated in this study through total sampling approach. According to the results of the research, a total of 18 strengths, 30 weaknesses, 12 opportunities, and 17 threats for Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation were identified and based on the internal and external factors, the strategic position of the Pahlevani and Zourkanei Federation in the WT region was determined. A total of 19 strategies, including five SO strategies, five ST strategies, six WO strategies, and three WT strategies for the Pahlevani and Zourkanei federation, were developed. Therefore, according to the results of SWOT analysis matrix, it is necessary to use more than a defensive or stabi...

The education profession continues to question why some students successfully meet their educational outcomes as measured by educational institutions and the larger society and others do not. Naturally, human beings also are in constant search for the factors that cause them or other people to behave the way they do. Among cognitive psychologists, the discussion of this issue has led to conclusions which indicate that students’ beliefs about their probability and causes for success and failure greatly influence their academic achievement (Williams et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2001).
    The process of assigning causes to our or other people’s behavior is called attribution (Heider, 1958). According to Heider (1958), people broadly attribute the causes of their behavior either to internal or external factors. Weiner (1985) identified four attribution factors that are related to academic success or failure, namely: ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck.
In the traditional approach used to assess causal dimensions, researchers have generally translated the causal attributions made for an achievement-type task by the subject into the causal dimensions described by Weiner (1985). This assumes that the researcher perceives causes in the same way as the respondent. Russell (1987) found this methodology problematic since it did not take into consideration that a meaning of an attribution could vary greatly from person to person and from situation to situation. The present study, intends to resolve the limitation of the previous studies by not restricting the attribution factors being studied to the ones the researchers know or are familiar with through Weiner’s attribution theory (2010) and relevant studies. As such, this study investigates the attribution factors experienced and known by university students themselves and the relationship between those factors and university students’ academic achievement.

Straipsnyje autoriai formuluoja vartotojų poreikių tyrimo problemą bei jo aktualumą šiuolaikinėje ekonomikoje. Analizuodami vartotojų poreikių įtaką organizacijos veiklai autoriai atskleidžia vartotojų elgseną įtakojančius išorinius ir vidinius vartotojų elgsenos veiksnius teoriniu ir praktiniu aspektu, apibendrinant vartojimo prekių pirkimo procesą. Straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas, kuris atliktas siekiant nustatyti vartotojų poreikius, susijusius su mėsos gaminių vartojimu. Tyrimas atliktas norint išsiaiškinti Jurbarke veikiančios mėsos produktus gaminančios įmonės AB „Dainiai“ vartotojų poreikius bei siekiant geriau juos pažinti ir surasti galimybę vartotojus gėriau patenkinti. Autoriai straipsnyje pateikia empirinį tyrimą, kurio rezultatai parodo, kad svarbi vartotojų nuomonė apie įmonę, prekę, jos kainą, įpakavimą, paskirstymą ir rėmimą. Vartotojų poreikių formavimas tiesiogiai susijęs su vidiniais ir išoriniais vartotojų elgsenos veiksniais. Jų patirties kaupimas, motyvai, suvoki...

Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging propert...

Околната среда с нейните фактори влияе
пряко на всяка организация, като формира процесите на взаимодействие във и извън нея. Движението на стоки, услуги и хора допълнително
оказва влияние в различни направления, по логистика и управление, които натоварват здравните системи и създават прецеденти при осигуряването на материално-техническата база и ресурси за обслужване в кризисни ситуации.
Мениджмънтът на здравната организация
предполага гъвкавост по отношение на функциите и до голяма степен зависи от ефективното
взаимодействие както вътре в системата между нейните отделни елементи, така и между
външните фактори, които осъществяват въздействие върху нея.
Факторите на средата, имащи отношение
към дейността, изискват гъвкаво планиране,
което да е с висока степен на надеждност и приспособимост. Структурите, които осъществяват управлението, трябва да са подготвени
предварително за това, да умеят да открояват
и анализират проблемите и да са наясно с механизмите за тяхното отстраняване. Планирането трябва да е напълно координирано и постоянно актуализирано, за да съответства на изменящата се обстановка. То осигурява постигането на поставените цели чрез организираното
изпълнение на задачите.
Работната среда в здравната организация е
тази, в която се осъществяват лечебно-диагностичните мероприятия, грижи от медицински и
ABSTRACT
The environment and its factors affect each organization directly, forming the processes of interaction inside and outside it. The movement of goods, services,
and people additionally affects various directions, logistics, and management, which burden health systems and create precedents in providing logistics and
service resources in crisis situations.
The management of a health organization involves
flexibility in terms of functions and largely depends on
effective interaction both within the system between its
individual elements and between external factors that
influence it.
The environmental factors relevant to the activity require flexible planning, which has a high degree of reliability and adaptability. The management
structures should be prepared in advance to be able to
identify and analyze problems and to know about the
mechanisms for their elimination. Planning should
be fully coordinated and constantly updated to meet
the changing environment. This ensures the achievement of the set goals through the organized execution
of tasks.
The working environment in a healthcare organization is one in which therapeutic and diagnostic measures are carried out, care from medical and
non-medical persons for patients. Health conditions
are important for both patients and physicians.
Keywords: organizational culture, the organization of
health care, control, management, crisis
Фактори на средата на здравната организация, оказващи влияние върху мениджмънта в условия на криза
512
деление на труда и функциите, чрез йерархия на
авторитета и отговорностите.
Условията на труд заедно с комуникационните взаимодействия в здравния сектор се разглеждат като причина за редица стресови ситуации (20). „Стресът представлява неспецифичен
отговор на организма на всяко предявено към
него изискване”. Стрес предизвиква всяко непривично за организма въздействие: чувство на
гняв, страх, ненавист, радост, любов, силен студ
или топлина, инфекция, приемане на лекарства
и др. Според Селие (21) „Стресът е самият живот,
отсъствието на стрес означава смърт”. Намаляването на стреса, на рисковите ситуации трябва
да е водещо за ръководството (24), защото в условията на криза психическото натоварване е изключително високо и служителите се чувстват
несигурни, изплашени (1,22). Реакциите на служителите към различните кризисни ситуации
може да са еднакви или напълно различни (3,6).
При едни и същи обстоятелства един човек силно се вълнува, а друг запазва невъзмутимо спокойствие. Всичко зависи не от самите кризисни
фактори, а от реакцията към тях, която на свой
ред зависи не само от характера, но и от индивидуалността, от възпитанието и отношението
към ограниченията, от новата организация и от
правилата, произтичащи от това. Това позволява да се възпитава трудова дисциплина, съпричастност в нови екстремни ситуации, от които
зависи опазване на живот, спазване на организационни цели, чрез отговорно отношение към
самата организация, към въведените правила и
ограничения.
I. Вътрешна среда на здравната
организация
Вътрешната среда на организацията има различни измерения, обусловени от процесите, протичащи във и извън нея, независими или взаимносвързани процеси. Вътрешните променливи
са основно ситуационни фактори в организацията. Тъй като лечебното заведение е система,
създадена от хора, вътрешните променливи са
главно резултат от управленски решения.
ОБЗОР
Настоящият обзор има за цел да представи
особеностите на работните условия в здравната
организацията и да се установи как факторите на
средата влияят върху поведението и представянето на служителите на работното им място и на
дейността като цяло. Обект на анализа са нормативни документи, определящи условията на труд
в лечебните структури, организацията и реорганизацията на работа, факторите, които влияят
пряко и косвено на процесите в организацията. Влиянието може да окаже положително или
негативно влияние върху различни елементи на
здравната организация, което да доведе до криза
на различни нива и с различен обхват. Ранното
отчитане на тези сигнали позволява на структурата да предскаже настъпването й и да предвиди
нейния потенциал, като вземе съответните стратегически решения, или да се възползват от тях.
Основните задачи се отнасят до: проучване
на връзката между условията на труд и влиянието им върху дейността; организация и подготовка на здравната структура за осъществяване на
протичащите в нея процеси; определяне на механизмите, чрез които мениджърите ще могат
да създадат оптимална работна среда, която ще
осигури безопасни условия на служителите за
постигане на организационните цели; да се предложат начини за подпомагане на персонала за справяне с неблагоприятното въздействие на условията на труд в организацията.
Средата е мястото, където се осъществява
трудово правоотношение, комуникация, и хората, изпълняващи различни роли и функции,
си взаимодействат през цялото време (24). Някои автори го разглеждат като сложна система от
различни задачи и дейности, чието изпълнение
понякога е подложено на въздействието на противоречивите разпореждания от страна на ръководния орган (20). Според Е. Шейн (29) организацията е планирана координация на дейностите
на известен брой хора с оглед постигане на общи,
ясно формулирани цели и намерения чрез разнемедицински лица за пациенти. Здравословните условия са важни както за пациентите, така
и за медиците.

Abnormal Organizational Behaviors (AOB) consider as negative voluntary behaviors, which reduce the productivity of the organization. The purpose of this research, which uses the mixed method, is to explain this kind of behavior and identify its dimensions, components and indicators and their relationship. This research is a descriptive survey, which its statistical sample size is 300. SPSS was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire and descriptive statistics. Structural equation modeling method and two software (Amos-Lisrel) were used to test research hypotheses. The results obtained from the qualitative section (by using Atlas software) indicated that two dimensions can be identified for AOB: 1. Internal Factors, 2. External Factors. Five indicators were identified for Internal Factors and two components by the name of Environmental Factors and Organizational Factors were identified for External Factors, which each of these components decreased to two and seven indicators, respectively. In addition, there was a relationship between Environmental Factors - Internal Factors and Environmental Factors - Organizational Factors. The results of the quantitative section indicated that there is no relation between Environmental Factors and Internal Factors. In addition, the results did not confirm that Self-Perception and Organizational Culture can be counted as a component. In order to managing AOB, managers should use methods like training and counseling; and they should institutionalize law obedience in both their behavior and their organization.

Crumb rubber modification has been proven to enhance the properties of pure bitumen. This paper looks at some of the international standards for producing crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) and reviews the effect of crumb rubber to the rheology of crumb rubber modified bitumen. The review shows that the rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, particle size, and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the modification technique. These factors govern the swelling process of crumb rubber particles that lead to the increase of viscosity of the modified bitumen. However, the mixing temperature and duration can cause rubber particles to depolymerize and subsequently cause loss of viscosity. Crumb rubber modification also improves the properties of bitumen by increasing the storage and loss modulus and enhancing the high and low temperature susceptibility. The effect of crumb rubber to aging propert...

This study aims to identify the internal and external factors that influence the competitiveness
of SMEs in the Lazaro Cárdenas Michoacán grocery sector, since competitiveness is an
increasingly important aspect in the business sector, which derives from the demands of the
current economic environment framed in the process of globalization. The development of
the private sector, and in particular of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is of
great importance, since the internal factors of these are: Strategic planning, human capital,
innovation, productivity, systems of Information and quality assurance are crucial for them
to make efficient use of their resources and reach high levels of productivity and
competitiveness

Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs) are increasingly being recognized as complementary to the banking system and perform a diversified range of functions through offering various financial services to individual, corporate and institutional clients. Nevertheless, the cost of funds of NBFIs is significantly higher than the banks as banks are the prime sources of funds for them. On the other hand, the availability of funds from banks is becoming inadequate day by day due to the involvement of banks with some similar functions of NBFIs. The study intended to identify the current scenario of the cost of funds of different groups of NBFIs and to find out the causal relationship of the internal factors with the cost of funds of NBFIs. The study finds that NBFIs established before 1990 shows higher equity contribution and total asset size which shows their ability to generate funds at a low cost for the reputation and public confidence. On the other hand, due to the high equity contribution, large asset size and high EPS of the group of joint venture NBFIs compared to local NBFIs are able to raise relatively low cost funds. From the multiple regression analysis current study finds that only the variables of age and earning per share are statistically significant at 5% level. The other two factors, equity contribution and interest earning asset conform the theoretical sign although they are not statistically significant. The other variable, size of business that is measured by total asset, neither conform the expected sign nor is statistically significant.