Competitiveness

This study aims to analyse the competitiveness of the small and medium industries in East Java in the face of global economic openness. The method used is a cluster to find out the factors that influence the competitiveness of Small and Medium Industries (SME) by grouping them into groups based on similarity of characters. The use of the cluster method is carried out hierarchically, or processed through a series of successively fusing objects into groups. Based on the results of identification and analysis, then the conclusion, there are three cluster findings based on competitiveness categories. Cluster I is SME with low competitiveness, Cluster II is SME with high competitiveness, and Cluster III is SME with medium competitiveness. SME that have high competitiveness are SME that can increase efficiency in 2 fields, namely Production and Marketing. While SME that have medium competitiveness are SME that are superior in technology, so they can be classified in the creative industry.

Worldwide organisations are continually searching for new sources of competitive advantage. At the same time, they are under increasing pressure to carry out their activities so as not to harm the environment in addition to having a positive impact on society. Given these facts, our paper analyses whether, and under what conditions, sustainable development could be an opportunity rather than a threat for organisations. In particular, the research focuses on investigating a possible link between sustainable development and museums' competitiveness. In order to achieve this goal, after an in-depth study of the literature, we distributed and collected surveys from 87 museums of different sizes, types, and importance from all Romanian development regions. Subsequently, we used Spearman's correlation coefficient to test the statistical hypotheses. The findings indicate that both social and environmental pillars of sustainability have positive links with the economic performance o...

To be a competitive company, it's necessary that the quality has a high sense of importance for managers; some indicators such as market impact, the gradual increase in the interest of the academic community, the changes in its principles and practices and the organization of experts in the field, show the progress of this topic in organizations. Companies seek management systems that can be easily implemented, and in turn manage them effectively according to their different activities to achieve remain in an increasingly competitive environment; the key to effectively manage quality and risk prevention, is how to meet regulatory requirements and increasingly demanding needs of its main audiences: customers, society and workers, and at the same time allow them to be competitive. In this paper some authors suggest a number of tools for managing occupational hazards that can be used in any business, in order to identify different analysis methodologies and risk controls, based on them are consulted, develop a process that contributes to the continuous improvement of working environments for workers; it is also necessary to implement surveys in the manufacturing sector to corroborate the impact of occupational risk management in the competitiveness of enterprises. Resumen Para tener una empresa competitiva, es necesario que la calidad tenga un alto sentido de importancia para los directivos; algunos indicadores como el impacto en el mercado, el progresivo aumento del interés de la comunidad académica, los cambios sufridos en sus principios y prácticas, y la organización de los expertos en la materia, muestran el avance de este tópico en las organizaciones.

The financial sector plays an important role in the economy by providing the necessary funding to the various parties and offering important opportunities for the investment of funds, which reveals in the standard of living within societies. This latter is a key indicator for measuring the degree of competitiveness of economies. This research paper purposes to highlight the importance of reforming the financial sector within the competitiveness of the Algerian economy, which suffers from a clear decline in the levels of competitiveness due to a number of structural imbalances, which is contributed by a number of factors, most notably the weakness and fragility of the banking sector. The study concluded that there is a necessity to go fast towards reforming the financial sector in order to enhance the competitiveness of this economy.

Dental school graduates have many options following graduation. Many are pursuing additional education and training by doing a residency program. As more graduates consider this career path, these programs have become more competitive. This study evaluates the competitiveness of match programs in dental residency programs by assessing data over a 9-year period for programs in the National Matching Service. The number of applicants participating in the match, number of positions offered, number of positions filled, and number of positions unfilled were analyzed for General Practice Residency (GPR), Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD), Oral Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS), Pediatric Dentistry (PED), Orthodontics (ORTHO) and Dental Anesthesiology (ANES). The result has been an overall increase in number of applicants for these programs. Based on positions offered, ORTHO, PED, and OMS are the most competitive programs. PED programs were the most competitive due to the increase in applicants and relatively unchanged available positions.

The luxury segment of the hospitality sector has been growing worldwide. Luxury hospitality is about providing a unique experience for guests, and this type of experience requires having employees who understand the luxury culture and are trained at the highest level. Luxury hotels compete for the best talents, but the current pool of candidates for customer-facing and managerial positions within these establishments is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify skill gaps in Canada’s luxury hotels. Primary data were collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews with twenty luxury hotel managers and analyzed with NVivo 12. Respondents agreed about the skills required for brands to succeed in the luxury market, but they lamented the lack of qualified talents and the difficulty of training and retaining qualified collaborators. The results of the study point to the need to address the luxury skill gap in the hospitality sector, particularly in Canada. Recommendations to address this problem are proposed.

It’s No Game: The Idea of Competition is an introduction to academic and scholarly discourse and writing that explores the concept of competition. The idea of competition is so fundamental that we often take it for granted as a natural good. Nearly every aspect of our lives involves competition: we compete in school, we compete for jobs, we compete at work, we compete socially, we compete in games and sports for fun, and when we are not competing ourselves we spend much of our time enjoying watching others compete. But our obsession with competition has several potential complications. A world divided into winners and losers, for example, is an inherently inequitable world: there will always be far more “losers” than “winners”. Competition also has a variety of interesting relationships with our inescapable need for cooperation and social cohesion. Attempting to disentangle cooperation from competition, in fact, can undermine both sides of this pair: a lack of either can lead to unproductive stasis, and worse. But a complete integration of cooperation and competition can lead to “us versus them” thinking and even war, which US rhetorical scholar Kenneth Burke called “the ultimate disease of cooperation.” To better understand the idea of competition, we will examine the ways that it has been investigated and conceptualized in different academic disciplines. For example, competition is fundamental to Business, Economics, and Political Science. But, because of its inescapable role in human society, competition is also an important topic in Psychology, in Anthropology, in Sociology, and even in the study and practice of Education. In this class, we will explore the ways that competition has been investigated in some of this recent research and scholarship, and students will complete research projects of their own contributing to that scholarly conversation.

En los últimos años el término innovación se ha usado ampliamente para describir la generación de nuevos procesos o productos en la economía, principalmente en aquellos sectores intensivos en capital y mano de obra (manufactureros). Ante la importancia del turismo en la economía mundial, se considera conveniente revisar cómo la innovación afecta su competitividad. En la introducción se presentan algunos temas de interés en la actualidad para el sector. La segunda sección presenta algunos aspectos característicos y distintivos de la economía de los servicios. En la tercera se presentan aproximaciones a la innovación en los servicios y el turismo para finalizar con la presentación de la economía experiencial y la cocreación como potencial herramienta para la innovación. Finalmente, se presentan unas conclusiones parciales. Se argumenta que la innovación en el turismo tiene que entenderse como derivada de la cocreación, que el sector no es simplemente un imitador y que requiere un marc...

The research examined the effect of international business on SMEs growth in a competitive environment, particularly Nigeria. The secondary data were gathered from the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) annual report. This study adopted ordinary least square method of data analyses. The finding revealed that trade openness as a measure of competitiveness and FDI has no significant effect on SMEs growth in Nigeria. It was also revealed that the exchange rate has a significant effect on SMEs growth in Nigeria, and the level at which exchange rate affects SMEs growth is relatively high. It was further showed that the exchange rate has a negative coefficient indicating that, as the exchange rate reduces SMEs growth increases. It is concluded that trade competitiveness had no significant effect on SMEs growth in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government should formulate policies, which will encourage the reduction of exchange rate in the countr...

While it is common to highlight the negative aspect of cartels, it has also been argued that cartels have positive aspects that can be illustrated with concrete examples. With regard to economic growth, the issue of cartels thus remains extremely controversial issues. This article analyses the impact of the emergence of a cartel from the early stages of development of the Korean automotive industry. The Korean government encouraged this cartel in order to improve the efficiency and the competitiveness of the industry and it actively intervened, in particular during economic downturns. As a result, the Korean automotive industry stabilized and enhanced its competitiveness sufficiently for Korea to become one of the top five automobile-producing countries in the world.

Kapitał ludzki a konkurencyjność Wprowadzenie Obserwując zmieniającą się sytuację gospodarczą, można dostrzec, w jakich obszarach powstają nowe strefy przewag konkurencyjnych. Z perspektywy zarówno mikro-, jak i makroekonomicznej wyraźnie widoczne staje się, kto stara się znajdować nowe drogi rozwoju, a kto, idąc utartymi ścieżkami, wykorzystuje dobrze znane potencjały konkurencyjne i minimalizuje ryzyko nietrafności decyzji inwestycyjnych. To zróżnicowanie postaw i wyboru kierunków rozwoju ma cechę wspólną-zauważono, że dotychczasowe obszary przewag konkurencyjnych (łatwo dostępne i/lub unikalne zasoby naturalne, tania siła robocza, jak również niskie koszty ekologiczne) w zglobalizowanym świecie nie są ani trwałe, ani wystarczające. Okazuje się, że to, co postrzegano do niedawna jako przewagę konkurencyjną, w tak dynamicznie zmieniającej się gospodarce powoduje jedynie w krótkotrwałą przewagę komparatywną. Z perspektywy mikro widoczne stało się wyraźne osłabienie znaczenia prostych nakładów produkcyjnych (prosta płaca i ceny surowców) w kosztach całkowitych.

Strict policy control and real estate market downturn affects large-scale real estate enterprises performance. We surveyed large Chinese real estate enterprises and the internal factors that affect their competitiveness. Verified by the hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling approach, the results mainly show that profitability, capital ability, management and operation ability, human resource ability, brand name, and innovation ability play positive roles in the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. Management and operation ability plays an intermediary role between human resources and the improvement of competitiveness. Real estate enterprises’ capital sources play an intermediary role between brand names and the improvement of competitiveness. Moreover, landbank area and quality and sales are three major factors that impact the competitiveness improvement of real estate enterprises, while the ability for marketing innovation and the payment collection of enterprises has a relatively small impact. All in all, this paper provides practical implications concerning factors that affect the competitiveness of large real estate enterprises. The findings are helpful to improve the sustainable development of real estate enterprises in the future. As research on factors that affect large-scale real estate enterprises is scarce, this study aims to fill this gap.

Shrimp is the main export commodity for Indonesian fishery products. Several shrimp industries have developed export destination markets to ASEAN countries such as Malaysia and Singapore because they are considered to have the same potential as the USA or Japan. The purpose of this study was to determine the position of Indonesia's competitiveness against export commodities of shrimp in the Malaysian and Singaporean markets in 2015-2019, as well as to improve strategies to strengthen the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp in global markets, especially Malaysia and Singapore. The analysis technique used was the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index with time-series data for 2015-2019 and the Diamond Porter Model (DPM) method. There were 7 types of Indonesian shrimp that were exported to the Malaysian and Singaporean markets. Based on RCA calculations, 5 out of 7 types of Indonesian shrimp have good competitiveness, but it needs to be improved considering the very competitive competition. Based on DPM analysis, the Indonesian shrimp industry was still weak in terms of strategy, structure, and rivalry. Meanwhile, other factors were very strong, especially the condition factor, government and chances factor. Thus, it was hoped that the competitiveness of the Indonesian shrimp commodity would increase so that it would have a positive impact on the Indonesian economy and the society would be more prosperous.

Questo saggio analizza i distretti produttivi in una regione a sviluppo ritardato come la Sicilia che, proprio a seguito della crisi economica globale, deve riflettere sulle specializzazioni, sul-la competitività e sul posizionamento delle sue produzioni nei mercati in un mondo in cui il baricentro della crescita si è spostato verso l'Asia e vede i Paesi della fascia Sud del Mediter-raneo acquisire un ruolo sempre più rilevante. In particolare, si esamina il quadro normativo che regola i distretti produttivi riconosciuti dalla Regione Sicilia. Vengono quindi svolte al-cune valutazioni critiche su questi nuovi distretti produttivi e si formulano alcune proposte per rendere la loro azione più efficace in termini di competitività ed anche per lo sviluppo della regione. Nel saggio si sostiene inoltre la tesi che le istituzioni e lo Stato devono contri-buire a creare, attraverso l'applicazione del principio di sussidiarietà – che coniuga libertà, responsabilità e imprenditorialità – le condizioni favorevoli per la competitività e la crescita, soprattutto in una regione come la Sicilia, che ha speso e spende più risorse pubbliche rispet-to alle altre regioni del Mezzogiorno con risultati tuttavia relativamente minori in termini di crescita del reddito e dell'occupazione. Parole chiave: distretti industriali, competitività, sviluppo regionale The essay analyses the productive districts of Sicily, a lagging region in terms of development , which, following the global economic crisis, needs to consider the skills, competitiveness and positioning of its products in world markets where the focus of growth has shifted to Asia; leading to southern Mediterranean countries acquiring an increasingly important role. It examines in particular, the legal framework governing the manufacturing districts recognized by the Region of Sicily and suggests several proposals to make the working of these districts more effective in terms of competitiveness and development of the regional economy. The analysis points out the need for a region like Sicily, with a particularly weak manufacturing sector, to improve its human capital and to transform it into social capital , while at the same time enriching its endowment of material and institutional infrastruc-tures. All these elements are essential factors for the competitiveness of the districts and their companies. Furthermore, this essay proposes that Institutions and the State should contribute to create, through the application of the principle of subsidiarity – which combines freedom, responsibility and entrepreneurship – the conditions for competitiveness and growth. This is particularly pertinent to a region like Sicily, which has spent and spends more public resources than other Southern regions, yet with relatively minor results in terms of income growth and employment.

vering sustainable socio-economic development of cities. They are complex environments that are shaped by their innovation capacity, information and communication technologies (ICTs) development  and  adoption,  living  standards,  residents’  readiness,  and,  last  but  not  least,  the willingness to invest. Higher urbanization rates and “mega-cities” with 10 million inhabitants or more make difficult to create a sustainable and cost-effective environment and a high quality of life for the citizens. To overcome this shortcoming, the latest Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are needed to increase ICTs solutions and implicitly, to augment the cities competitiveness. Our paper objective is to analyse the public attitude regarding the influence of AI on smart cities characteristics and to identify if there are significant differences in their perspective by gender and by age group. The statistical data analysis was performed using two-way measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences between groups were analysed using inferential statistics. This paper contributes to the understanding of the importance of AI techniques in improving urban living.

Purpose: the purpose of the research is to theoretically study and clarify the concept of "cluster" Design/methodology/approach: The research uses the methods of dialectical approach, system approach, and comparative analysis. Conclusions: In the crisis economic conditions that both Russia, Uzbekistan and the world community are currently experiencing, it is clusters that should contribute to a more effective solution of existing problems that arise within the economic society, which requires accelerated creation of new forms of territorial organization of productive forces based on an innovative development paradigm based on the "creativity" of the economy, which implies the formation of creative clusters in the XXI century that are fundamentally different from its previously existing forms and types. Practical implications: the Results of the study can be useful for expanding the conceptual framework, which will significantly improve the use of the cluster approach in the territorial development of the economic system. Originality/value: the Relevance of the research is not in doubt, in modern conditions, world economic science considers the cluster concept as an effective tool for improving the competitiveness of the state economy, regional economies, as well as individual industries and enterprises.

Considering its export-oriented performance and the close relationship with various branches, the Turkish leather industry is one of the most important sectors of Turkey. Analysing the developments and the factors that are driving the industry, and contributing industry’s sustainable competitive advantage are important for both the industry and the country's economy. In this study, analysis of Turkish leather industry’s competitiveness was discussed by using Porter's Diamond Model. For this purpose, both primary and secondary research methods have been utilized. As a result of the analysis, the main elements of the competition structure of the industry were described and various suggestions have been made in order to let Turkey have a more competitive position on the world leather industry platform.

Purpose - Once one of the most prominent economies in the world, Japan is currently suffering from economic stagnancy. In order to revitalize the economy effectively, the core problems of Japan and its economy need to be first identified. This paper aims to understand accurately what the fundamental reasons are for Japan’s current economic stagnancy.
Design/methodology/approach - The generalized double diamond model, an extension of Porter’s original diamond model is used in order to incorporate internationalization which is very important for Asian countries, notably Japan. Furthermore, its competitiveness is compared with neighboring countries that are in competition in the global market.
Findings - Japan’s current economic problems and its slow recovery are due to a lack of globalization vis-à-vis its counterparts in the region, rather than specific macro-economic factors. Hence, further globalization is crucial toward ensuring a further take-off for the economy.
Practical implications - Macro-economic policies may be important but cannot directly improve a nation’s competitiveness. This paper highlights the importance of globalization and concludes that multinational activities are crucial to enhance a nation’s competitiveness in both domestic and international scope.
Originality/value - This paper adopts the concept of national competitiveness in order to examine the fundamental economic problems of Japan’s slow recovery and stagnancy more comprehensively. In particular, it compares the competitiveness of Japan with its neighbors which are its economic competitors.
Keywords: Japan, Japanese economy, competitiveness, diamond model, double diamond model, globalization

The main purpose of the research is development of the effective management mechanism of marketing innovations in order to increase the enterprise development effectiveness. For this research, 15 Ukrainian enterprises of light industry, for which a development trajectory was built on the basis of the dynamic integration function, were selected. The article forms the mechanism of marketing innovations effective management. The main trends in the development of marketing innovations in Ukraine emphasized, which confirm the need for development of marketing innovations management in order to strengthen the position of the enterprise and meet the needs of consumers, the conquest of new market segments, increase the level of competitiveness and performance of domestic companies.

A Visegrádi Együttműködés országai, azaz a V4-ek (Cseh Köztársaság, Magyarország, Lengyelország és Szlovákia) gazdasági növekedését a szovjet befolyás 1989-es csökkenése indította el, majd a V4-nek az Európai Unióhoz való 2004-es csatlakozása révén folytatódott. Ugyanakkor az egyik legfontosabb és máig megoldatlan problémájuk ezen országoknak a munkaerőpiaci kiszolgáltatottságuk. A jelen tanulmányban a visegrádi négyek munkaerőpiacának és versenyképességének az alakulását elemezzük, a 2008-as pénzügyi válságtól a koronavírus okozta válság 2020-as megjelenéséig. A vizsgálataink részeként összehasonlító elemzést végeztünk a régió munkaerőpiacairól azok legfontosabb mutatói (munkanélküliség ráta, foglalkoztatottsági ráta, havi minimálbér, havi átlagkereset) segítségével. Tanulmányunk utolsó részében a szakirodalom alapján megpróbálunk javaslatot tenni a Covid–19 okozta negatív munkaerőpiaci hatások hatékony kezelésére.

In questo contributo si intende sostenere che lo sport incarna una forma di agonismo particolare, la cui struttura non è perfettamente congruente con quella della competizione capitalista, e che invece rappresenta la modalità in cui sono sopravvissute, metamorfizzate, alcune questioni tipicamente religiose. Nello specifico, mi concentrerò su una forma di surrogazione-la capacità dello sport di ritagliare un mondo ordinato-e due prestazioni apparentemente più eccentriche: incarnare senza risolvere due problematiche che tali rimangono, e che l'agonismo capitalista misconosce: il rapporto tra grazia e merito e quello tra il tutto e le parti.

The human resources of the organisation are of great significance especially in businesses like software companies with relatively high cost of soft infrastructure in comparison to low hard infrastructure costs. The people intensive organisations have always focussed on improving the performance and productivity of employees through effective use of HR practices and by providing a suitable environment. The best employers try to create the culture of mutual trust, dependency and democracy where the interest of each employee is taken into consideration. The present study explores the organizational culture of Indian IT companies with the help of OCAI. Using data from 375 professionals of selected Indian IT companies, the study found that prevailing culture in Indian IT industry is result oriented and promotes competition. The study concluded that with the entry of multinational companies in Indian market, the culture of Indian firms has become more aggressive and result oriented as winning in marketplace has become their priority.

Over the last few years, I have had the opportunity to guest lecture, usually at the Master’s level, at various Universities in Upstate New York.  I find the experience very rewarding as I have the opportunity to bring value to the next generation.  But, most importantly, I am always enriching my knowledge in the classroom participation of the students.

To contribute to an understanding of the nature and role of competition in human society, this chapter points out that the notion of competition was first used as a scientific concept when economic theory came into being. It became an axiom of the new science of 'economics' that human competitiveness was not restricted to any single part of the world or any particular period of time. But the histtoy of the various meanings and connotations of 'competition' shows how intricately this term is intervowen with changing world views. By using the word as an analytical concept or a descriptive term, one cannot help projecting theses world views into the study of antiquity. The best way out of this conundrum would seem to be a thorough examination of the manifold historical situations in which men competed with each other for different goals in different ways.

In today's competitive business world customers are considered to be kings. Customers have several choices to make among alternative products, and they exercise a high level of influence in the market with respect to product size, quality and price. Hence, ...

The seaport is a location settled on the coast of a sea and other waterways, guarded by the streams and waves, and in principle, equipped with all equipment necessary for the loading and discharging of ships as well as for repair and maintenance. Ports become to be a rivalry zone cause of being most critical economic structures for transnational business and trade activities. Container transportation has increased concurrently with the rise of world trade. Therefore, modern ports exceed this classic description. In order to adapt to the global competition environment, they should make necessary regulations and infrastructure work in container ports. However, having only the necessary infrastructure facilities does not make this port usable for shipping companies. In order to have cargo density in the ports, the port should be accessible, the hinterland area should be large, and the trade in the region where it is located should be active. Black Sea container terminals are the eastern sea border of Europe, necessary gates for entry and exit of import and export commercial commodity, the eastern maritime aspect of Europe. The aim of this study is to examine the current status of container ports in the Black Sea Basin, which are of great importance both regionally and globally. This study purposes to make a contribution in this respect by (i) to be able to understand the effectiveness of container port operations, (ii) Conceptualize efforts to integrate port/ship operations; (iii) a conceptual study on the parameters used in performance measurement of ports and logistics systems.