Business & Society

This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company.

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Some of Law and Economics’ basic claims have come to be criticized as a result of empirical findings that question their viability. Particularly, the premise that agents consistently act rationally and with their self-interest in mind seems problematic. What the consequences of the criticism mean for Law and Economics’ tenability depends largely on the questions whether (1) some elements are unassailable to the alternative’s objections and (2) the alternative is a systematic whole. It is argued that Law and Economics may be salvaged, if it is minimized and its ambitions are tempered. This means focusing on the stable, a priori, elements inherent to it.

Setiap zaman memiliki generasinya sendiri, dan setiap generasi menggerakkan zamannya sendiri. Dulu, generasi jadoel (jaman doeloe) 3 masih merasakan pengalaman menikmati wisata alam tanpa sedikit pun terlibat dalam penggunaan teknologi yang canggih. Bahkan, untuk menjangkau keindahan wisata tersebut masih harus ditempuh dengan berjalan kaki selama berjam-jam. Bekal pengganti dahaga dan lapar pun harus dibawa dan disediakan sendiri. Cara menikmati keindahan alam pun dilakukan hanya dengan mata telanjang dan menyimpannya di dalam memori otaknya. Teknologi fotografi masih langka, mahal, dan merepotkan. Kecanggihan teknologi pun menggeser cara berwisata generasi ini. Orang tak lagi berjalan kaki, aneka moda transportasi tersedia. Orang tak lagi repot-repot mempersiapkan bekal pelepas lapar dan dahaga. Semua tersedia, tinggal memilih. Orang tak lagi sekedar menyimpan keindahan alam pada alam memori yang semakin hari kian pudar terlupakan. Namun, mengkopinya secara utuh dalam rentetan jepretan kamera dan serta-merta menyimpannya pada alam maya dimana manusia lain pun dapat turut mengakses keindahan tersebut. Meski bukan itu tujuan utamanya. Narsis. Aktualisasi diri. Eksistensi. Menyatakan kepada dunia bahwa dia telah dan pernah berada pada sebuah tempat tertentu. Narsis memang menjadi habit generasi zaman kini-atau sering pula disebut generasi milenial. Bahkan, Joel Stein dalam majalah TIME menyebutnya sebagai The Me Me Me Generation atau "Generasi Aku Aku Aku". Generasi inilah yang menikmati wisata dengan cara berswa-foto dan mengunggahnya as soon as possible di media sosial. Kebetulan, teknologi memang memfasilitasinya secara masif. Kemudahan teknik fotografi, kecepatan internet, dan ketersediaan jejaring sosial media. Canggihnya lagi, kesemuanya disatukan dalam sebuah benda kecil, ringan, dan tidak merepotkan. Gadget 4. Dan, Kalibiru muncul pada situasi yang pas. Tatkala industri milenial berkembang. Kalibiru menyediakan "bahan baku" yang sangat disukai pasar-yakni background yang aduhai untuk beraktualisasi diri. Sejauh ini, sebanyak 1.265.880 orang telah memproduksi barang milenial kenarsisan dari tempat ini dan mengedarkannya di pasar maya melalui berbagai aplikasi sosial media-seperti WhatsAps, facebook, Instagram, LINE, dan lain sebagainya. Tentu, pengedaran barang narsis milenial ini mempergunakan beragam jenis gadget dengan memanfaatkan jasa layanan dari aneka internet service provider. Koneksi inter-stakeholders berlangsung dalam kompleksitas industri milenial. Pada tingkat hulu, komoditas milenial diproduksi pada spot-spot foto di Kalibiru dan dihilirkan melalui beragam jenis gawai dan beraneka aplikasi medsos-dengan memanfaatkan jasa layanan internet. Tidak itu saja. Berbagai stakeholders ikutan pun turut terhubung sebagai penikmat benefit bisnis milenial. Sebut saja warung dan/atau rumah makan, minimarket, hotel/penginapan, jasa transportasi, toko oleh-oleh, guide, marshal, dan lain sebagainya.

This article reviews new literature on the development of China's private sector. Since this sector's development is embedded in and characterised by a wider institutional environment, several general characteristics of China's capitalist transformation are discussed. Insights drawn from political science help in the understanding of the strategy of "wearing a red hat" and the emergence of China's private sector. The closely interwoven relationships between private companies and the Party-state that have taken place since the 1990s are also examined. The review indicates that focusing on state/capital relationships at different administrational levels contributes to a better understanding of China's private sector. The main conclusion is that although the development of the new private enterprises enabled the ruling elite to form and consolidate a hegemonic project that provided relative societal coherence, the project's continuity is threatened by a tendency for crises to occur.

There is a large body of literature that examines different dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Africa, with many focusing on the false promises of these corporate initiatives. Contrary to simplistic claims of CSR being merely window-dressing, however, this paper reveals that although several rhetorical proclamations underpin the idea, such statements are often given instrumental meaning through diverse mechanisms (e.g., interpretation of cues toward the proactive (re)construction of identity, (inter)subjective discourses on social legitimacy, and acts of “issue selling”) that help to enact particular characteristics of the corporation. The paper specifically employs the organizational concepts of sensemaking and sensegiving to explain how, through CSR activities, hydrocarbon companies in Ghana construct and (re)affirm a particular reality for its stakeholders. The findings suggest that by having significant leverage over the (re)construction of its identity and claims around social legitimacy and performance, the corporation gives sense to and further sustains its authority over societal norms and expectations around what social responsibility entails. The evidence presented contributes to scholarship that considers the corporation as a complex nexus of multiple relations, contested narratives, and practices.

Potensi wakaf uang di Indonesia diyakini sangat besar dan dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat, mengingat jumlah penduduk muslim di Indonesia yang mencapai 210 juta jiwa dan jumlah tersebut terus bertumbuh setiap tahun serta pendapatan per kapita juga tumbuh seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara Indonesia yang selalu positif selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Potensi tersebut akan menjadi aktual apabila seluruh aspek penunjang perwujudan potensinya dikelola dengan maksimal.
Penghimpunan wakaf uang dapat terwujud dengan mengoptimalkan penghimpunan wakaf uang melalui perbankan syariah, karena pada umumnya perbankan syariah merupakan lembaga keuangan yang profesional dalam mengelola dana investasi.

Fundraising adalah suatu bentuk/kegiatan penggalangan dana dan sumber daya lainnya seperti wakif/donator dari masyarakat baik individu, kelompok, organisasi, perusahaan ataupun pemerintah yang digunakan untuk mencapai misi atau tujuan lembaga wakaf dan juga bisa dimaknai sebagai menggalang wakif untuk mengembangkan usaha-usaha sosial (social enterprise) (Suparman, 2009).

Buku ini yang berjudul "Fundraising Wakaf Uang Melalui Perbankan Syariah", merupakan hasil dari disertasi penulis berdasarkan penelitian yang mendalam dan dapat digunakan sebagai referensi yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara akademik.

Proyek perubahan ini dilakukan dalam rangka mewujudkan suatu e-office, dengan cara mengurangi pemakaian kertas. Diawali dengan mengubah berkas fisik menjadi bentuk digital. Selanjutnya, file digital tersebut disimpan kedalam berbagai harddrive sehingga terhindar dari kerusakan. Kedepan, file kepegawaian tersebut akan diback up di google drive, sehingga tiap pegawai mempunyai akses kedalam filenya masing-masing.

In recent times, the relevance of technological innovation to sustainable entrepreneurship development is becoming well appreciated across the globe. However, relatively few entrepreneurs in developing countries have fully taken advantage of the opportunities presented by technological innovation in improving their enterprises. This prompted the current study to ascertain the importance of technological innovation on entrepreneurship development in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The current study adopted a survey research design to conduct an investigation on the subject matter. The study selected 35 entrepreneurs in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria and a structured questionnaire was administered on the selected entrepreneurs to elicit their opinions and views on the subject matter. The data gathered was analyzed using ordinary least square method through SPSS while the hypotheses developed for the study was tested using regression analysis. The findings revealed that information technology has a significant effect on competitive advantage enjoyed by entrepreneurs in the area. Based on the findings, the study recommended that government should create an enabling environment that will facilitate the adoption of technological innovation among entrepreneurs in order to achieve macroeconomic goals.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of multiple factors on the green purchase intention of customers in Australia. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model is proposed and was subjected to empirical verification with the use of a survey of metropolitan and regional households in Victoria, Australia. The data were analyzed using both descriptive measures and

The book introduces students to the background and key issues of sustainability and suggests ways in which these concepts can be applied in business practice. Though the book takes a business perspective, it is interdisciplinary in its nature and draws on knowledge from socio-economic, political, and environmental studies, thereby providing a practical understanding of sustainability in the changing paradigm of global business.

Sustainable Business: Key Issues is the first comprehensive introductory-level textbook to address the interface between environmental challenges and business solutions to provide an overview of the basic concepts of sustainability, sustainable business, and business ethics. The book introduces students to the background and key issues of sustainability and suggests ways in which these concepts can be applied in business practice. Though the book takes a business perspective, it is interdisciplinary in its nature and draws on knowledge from socio-economic, political, and environmental studies, thereby providing a practical and critical understanding of sustainability in the changing paradigm of global business. It goes beyond the conventional theories of sustainability and addresses critical issues concerned with population, consumption, and economic growth. It discusses realistic ways forward, in particular the circular economy and Cradle to Cradle frameworks.

The book is both a theoretical and practical study guide for undergraduate and postgraduate international students of broad areas of sustainability, teaching ways to recognize opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship at the intersection of environmental, economic, ethical, and social systems. It takes a strategic approach in applying the power of business methods and policy to address issues of global importance such as climate change, poverty, ecosystem degradation, and human rights.

This textbook is essential reading for students of business, management, and sustainability courses. It is written in an engaging and accessible style, with each chapter including case studies, discussion questions, end of chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. This new edition is updated throughout, and contains an additional chapter on the circular economy.

A number of people have claimed that the ongoing financial crisis has revealed the problems with neoliberal thought and neoliberal policies in the 'Atlantic Heartland'. However, if we look at the history of the 'Heartland' economies then it becomes evident that they were never neoliberal in the first place - that is, the economic policies and discourses in these countries did not follow neoliberal prescriptions. /We Have Never Been Neoliberal/ explores this divergence between neoliberal theory and 'neoliberal' practice by focusing on the underlying contradictions in monetarism, private monopolies, and financialization. The book finishes by proposing a 'manifesto for a doomed youth' in which it argues that younger generations should refuse to pay interest on anything in order to avoid the trap of debt-driven living.

El objetivo de este trabajo será presentar el modelo de las Empresas B-conocidas como B-corps en el ámbito anglosajón-como un nuevo paradigma asociativo, y comentar acerca de los desafíos a los que se enfrenta respecto de su reconocimiento legal. Para ello, luego de describir las principales características de estas estructuras empresariales, se procederá al estudio de diferentes proyectos regulatorios de las denominadas "sociedades BIC", presentes en el derecho comparado. A partir de ello, se llevará a cabo un análisis crítico del proyecto de ley nacional-que obtuvo media sanción en la Cámara de Diputados a fines de 2018-destinado a regular esta nueva denominación societaria, destacando la importancia de lograr su reconocimiento jurídico.

ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ The purpose of this paper is to investigate the main reasons for social innovations to be successful in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach ‐ In this paper, four famous cases of social innovation are studied and contrasted in the following dimensions: goals, means and skills/resources needed by the user. Findings ‐ Exemplary social innovations do not have profit as their primary objective but emphasize social, spiritual and humanitarian goals such as minimizing suffering, empowering people and strengthening local communities. Originality/value ‐ The paper shows that sensitivity to local culture and an ethos for serving the common good are preconditions of successful and lasting social innovations by business.

With reference to DeMarie et al (2013), McDonald in the early 1990s as a leader in the fast food started facing challenges. Even though prices were kept low, the speed, service and cleanliness became the critical success factors of the business. Domestically, there was lack of growth opportunities. The market was well saturated, and it became difficult to achieve double-digit growth. It was even reported at some extend that servers at McDonald were dating customers (Blake, 2009). So, the need for corporate governance was necessary, hence the avenue of “drive thru” to eliminate such unethical practices. Also, sales and revenues were flattening as competitors like Burger King, Wendy, and Taco Bell got into the race.  “Sonic” and “Rally” competed by using a back-to-basics approach of quickly serving up burgers, just burgers, for timeless consumers.

This writing appears as Appendix I in my book, Transitions in Consciousness from an African American Perspective: Original Essays in Psycho-Historical Context.  The book was published in 2004.  Appendix I is a comprehensive Timeline of African American Life, focused on Five Historical Time Frames For African American Life, with Consciousness Transition Themes and Examples of Historical Events.  The five time frames are: 1517-1863 (6 Themes)--The Beginning of Slavery in the New World Up to The Onset of a Civil War and The Emancipation of Slaves; 1863-1896 (4 Themes)--Resistance to the End of the Civil War and the Force of the Reconstruction Era Up to Early Popularized African American Cultural Influences; 1896-1929 (5 Themes)--Creative Tension of Two Ideologies for Black Progress: Vocational Education vs. College-Trained Leadership Up to The Second Black Nationalist Movement; 1929-1954 (4 Themes)—The Condoning of a Segregated American Lifestyle and the Treatment of African Americans As “Objects” By the U. S. Government Up To Challenges To U. S. Segregated Cultural Life Through Music, Art, Publications, Inventions, Sports, and Civic Symbols; 1954-2002 (Themes)—The Struggle of the Civil Rights Movement, Sit-In Movement, and Freedom Rides to Promote the Ideas of Freedom, Desegregation, and Full Equality for African Americans Up to The Struggle to Shift Race-Related Consciousness and to Urge Cultural Transformations By Infusing African American Cultural Influences and a Search for the Meaning of Race and Ethnicity Into The Mainstream Via The Mediums of Music, Dance, Film, Television, Publications, Sports, and Civic Symbols.  Even though the Time Line ends at 2002, the Themes are very instructive for understanding what is happening in today’s reality (2017) regarding race relations in the United States.  The Themes mirror how the mind, body, and spirit has been dealt with in the United States over time in regard to the phenomenon of race.

Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

წინამდებარე კვლევის მიზანია ციფრული მარკეტინგის ეპოქაში, მომხმარებელთა დამოკიდებულებების გარკვევა ინტერნეტ რეკლამის სხვადასხვა საშუალებების მიმართ. ქართულ სინამდვილეში, ციფრული მარკეტინგი და მისი არხები. საკმაოდ ახალი რეალობაა და, შესაბამისად ტრადიციული სარეკლამო საშუალებები ჯერ კიდევ დიდ როლს თამაშობს მომხმარებელთა მსყიდველობით პროცესებში. საკვლევი თემის მასშტაბურობის და მისი სპეციფიკური ხასიათის გამო, ნაშრომი ეყრდნობა სხვადასხვა დისციპლინების სამეცნიერო ლიტერატურას. კველვის ფარგლებში გამოყენებულია რაოდენობრივი კვლევის მეთოდის ერთ-ერთი ინსტრუმენტი  ონლაინ ანკეტირება (200 რესპონდენტი ანკეტირების საშუალებით). კვლევის ანალიზით დადგინდა, რომ რესპონდენტთა უმრავლესობა ყოველდღიურად იყენებს ინტერნეტს და სოციალურ ქსელებს, შესაბამისად მათი აქტიური შეხება აქვს ინტერნეტ რეკლამის სახეებთან. აგრეთვე გამოიკვეთა ტენდენცია, რომ ინტერნეტ რეკლამირების საშუალებები, ტრადიციულ მარკეტინგულ სახეებთან შედარებით ბევრად მეტ ნდობას იწვევს, და შესაბამისად, მათი გავლენაც, მსყიდველობით პროცესებზე, მაღალია.  კვლევის ფარგლებში, გამოვლინდა ის ფაქტორები, რომლებიც გავლენას ახდენს ყიდვის შესახებ გადაწყვეტილების მიღების პროცესებზე და განსაზღვრავს მათ საბოლოო არჩევანს. ციფრული მარკეტინგის არსებობის მთავარი მიზანი მომხმარებელთა მოთხოვნილებების გაგება და დაკმაყოფილებაა. ციფრული მარკეტინგი მომხმარებელს აძლევს საშუალებას, თვალი ადევნოს და ხშირ შემთხვევაში აქტიურადაც ჩაერთოს პროდუქციის ინფორმაციის და თვისებების განვითარების პროცესში.

Purpose-This study aims to theoretically introduce the notion of responsible managing as educational practice (RMEP). Design/methodology/approach-The study is an essay. Traditionally assumed as individual-driven, rational, neutral and unproblematic, the author alternatively considers management not as managerialism but as a social practice that needs to be responsible. Findings-The author posits that responsible management involves educational experiences enacted through practical wisdom. In this context, education herein is understood not as a scholastic practice taught in business schools or offered within professional training, but that may occur in informal contexts such as managing. Originality/value-RMEP may contribute to a better comprehension of responsible management in practice. The author draws on the epistemology of practices and the notion of phronesis to support his thesisthat managing can be responsible when assumed as an educative practice performed through practical wisdom and people's mutual education.

In an effort to carve a distinct place for social facts without lapsing into a holistic ontology, John Greenwood has sought to define social phenomena solely in terms of the attitudes held by the actor(s) in question. I argue that his proposal allows for the possibility of a “lone collectivity” that is (1) unpalatable in its own right and (2) incompatible with the claim that sociology is autonomous from psychology. As such, I conclude that the relevant beliefs need to be held by more than one person.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.