Interpreter

This paper describes an innovative approach to training sign language interpreters, through a program established at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. The course is innovative because sign language and spoken language interpreting students jointly study key subjects, which enables all students to gain insight into the theoretical applications and professional practices of their respective working experiences. This component is particularly innovative as sign language interpreting programs are typically provided as language specific courses with little (if any) exposure to interpreting students of other languages. This paper will provide an overview of the program for both spoken and signed language interpreters, detailing the structure, content and delivery modes, with the aim of encouraging other interpreter educators to consider combining the teaching of all language interpreters.RésuméCet article décrit une approche innovatrice de la formation des interprètes en langue des signes, grâce à un programme fondé à la Macquarie University de Sydney, Australie. Le cours est innovateur parce que les étudiants en interprétation dans la langue des signes et dans la langue parlée étudient ensemble les matières principales, ce qui leur permet, à tous, de se familiariser avec les applications théoriques et les pratiques professionnelles de leurs expériences de travail respectives. Cet élément est particulièrement innovateur étant donné que les programmes d’interprétation en langue des signes sont généralement donnés en tant que cours spécifiques à la langue, avec peu de contacts avec les étudiants en interprétation d’autres langues, voire aucun. Cet article donnera un aperçu du programme des interprètes en langue des signes et en langue parlée, en détaillant la structure, le contenu et les modes de mise en oeuvre, dans le but d’encourager d’autres enseignants d’interprètes à envisager de combiner l’enseignement de tous les interprètes en langue.

This is a study of ambiguities and tensions that occur within the role of the bilingual/bicultural researcher in an ethnographic study. This manuscript presents an analysis of three instances from two interviews in a study on the acculturation of deaf students in deaf kindergarten classrooms in Japan and the US. This is an auto-ethnographic analysis of conflicts found in fluctuating between multiple roles: research assistant, interpreter, cultural mediator, and sociolinguistic consultant. In these examples my bicultural knowledge allowed me to identify “hidden” meanings overlooked by other members of the research team. However, my interpreter role at times made it awkward to contribute my insights to the research team. The findings of this study show that interpreters who are linguistically and culturally in-between the researchers and researched play a crucial but delicate role in cross-cultural studies. INTRODUCTION Removing our shoes at the edge of the tatami mat, our group of se...

This experimental research describes sight translation by comparing it to simultaneous and consecutive interpreting. Since the beginning of interpreting research, sight translation has mostly been considered as a pedagogical exercise and interpreters are rarely trained in this task per se. However, sight translation, consecutive interpreting and simultaneous interpreting are performed under different conditions, and these determine how cognitive resources are managed and what strategies are adopted. The study compares the performance of six professional interpreters in sight translation, simultaneous interpreting and consecutive interpreting with a view to identifying particular constraints and problems. Results show that interpreters face different difficulties and use different efforts in each mode. Sight translation emerges as a complex and unique technique, whose cognitive demands on the interpreter are by no means less than those of simultaneous and consecutive.

... In monolingual village Sunday services, the preferred mode for rendering the scriptures is short-segment consecutive if there is another English speaker present ... then explained to them what had happened on the road, Batëb biki1 leents bukul ko wi m me wi2 ne3 uko aroa Two ...

... In monolingual village Sunday services, the preferred mode for rendering the scriptures is short-segment consecutive if there is another English speaker present ... then explained to them what had happened on the road, Batëb biki1 leents bukul ko wi m me wi2 ne3 uko aroa Two ...

C++ is not the best choice for a first programming language, but if it is used, the learning circumstances need to be as easy as possible. We have developed a pedagogically designed interpreter for this purpose. Our hypothesis is that an interpreter is easier than a compiler for a novice programmer to use. We do not want students to use language properties they do not yet fully understand, so our approach is imperative-first. In addition, when using an interpreter, learning concepts such as libraries can be postponed until later in the course. C++ is a complex language and most of its language features are not needed by a novice programmer. Therefore we have simplified the language to a subset of C++ that we call C-. For instance, classes have been omitted. We have also put a lot of effort into producing clear, informative error messages, something that is made possible by of the simpler programming language. This article introduces some other C/C++ interpreters, their evaluation, a...

This article is a study of how the participation status of asylum-seeking children is interactively constructed in interpreter-mediated asylum hearings. We have undertaken a discourse analysis of 50 non-repair side-sequences from 26 hearings with Russian-speaking, asylum-seeking children in Sweden. A side-sequence is here defined as a monolingual sequence conducted in only one of the languages involved in the interviews. It involves the interpreter and only one of the primary interlocutors. In this article, four extracts are chosen for a micro-analysis in order to elucidate how interpreters can challenge asylum-seeking children’s participant statuses. We show that the right of the child to make his or her voice heard can be challenged, especially when the interpreters exclude, distort, discredit and guide the voices of the children, which is often done with the tacit approval of caseworkers.

Control Network Programming (CNP) is a programming paradigm that is especially convenient for representing problems with a natural graph-like description. This description is often of nondeterministic nature. The report continues the discussion from [1] on how a CN program is interpreted and executed. The basic algorithm of the interpreter is presented. It is followed by a discussion of the so called system options – these are powerful means for user control of the execution process.

This paper presents the generation of realistic morphologically neural cells employing a modified L-System. These grammars incorporate functions that refer to the morphological features extracted from natural cells (e.g. branch dendritic, angle and size). A parser is used to generate the neural cells, which can be viewed by a 3D visualization software specifically developed to show the branching structures.

The article offers a discourse-analytic examination of original (English) and interpreted (Polish) versions of several extracts from plenary speeches by three Members of the European Parliament (Janusz Korwin-Mikke, Nigel Farage and Guy Verhofstadt). Controversial statements that have met with adverse reactions of the audience and/or the media are selected for analysis. The author endeavours to assess the degree to which pragmatic equivalence has been achieved by Polish interpreters. Another pertinent question is whether the identifi ed shifts are due to some systemic differences between the pragmatics of the source and target languages or to other factors, such as the constraints typical for simultaneous interpreting or specifi c, local problems.

Aims and objectives  To explore the preferences of deaf people for communication in a hospital consultation.Methods  Design – cross-sectional survey, using a structured, postal questionnaire. Setting – survey of readers of two journals for deaf and hard of hearing people. Participants – 999 self-selected individuals with hearing loss in the UK, including those who use sign language and those who use speech. Main outcome measures – preferred mode of communication.Results  A total of 11% of participants preferred to use sign language within everyday life, 70% used speech and 17% used a mixture of sign and speech. Within a clinic setting, 50% of the sign language users preferred to have a consultation via a sign language interpreter and 43% indicated they would prefer to only have a consultation directly with a signing health professional; 7% would accept a consultation in speech as long as there was good deaf awareness from the health professional, indicated by a knowledge of lip-reading/speech-reading. Of the deaf speech users, 98% preferred to have a consultation in speech and of this group 71% indicated that they would only accept this if the health professional had good deaf awareness. Among the participants who used a mixture of sign language and speech, only 5% said they could cope with a consultation in speech with no deaf awareness whereas 46% were accepting of a spoken consultation as long as it was provided with good deaf awareness; 30% preferred to use an interpreter and 14% preferred to have a consultation directly with a signing health professional.Conclusions  The hospital communication preferences for most people with deafness could be met by increasing deaf awareness training for health professionals, a greater provision of specialized sign language interpreters and of health professionals who can use fluent sign language directly with clients in areas where contact with deaf people is frequent.

Since the 1960s, the United States government has paid increasing attention to the rights of language minorities and to the need for greater civic and political integration of these groups. With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the issuance of Executive Orders, and intervention by the federal judiciary, progress has been made in the realm of language access. State and local courts have likewise taken steps (albeit imperfectly) to provide interpretation and translation assistance to Limited English Proficient persons. Most recently, responding to both lack of services and inconsistent practices, the American Bar Association has set out national guidelines on the subject. As language access rises in importance – within the government as a whole, and the legal system in particular – law schools have begun to develop strategies to promote language access within the academy. These strategies serve multiple purposes: to prepare students to identify, and respond to, issues of l...

A new transportable image processing environment is presented, which consists of a standard C interpreter (SCIL), a reconfigurable window manager, a command expander, a library handler, and an image processing library (AIM). SCIL permits rapid interactive image processing development in a higher level language (C), it offers machine compatible data structures. The library handler permits straightforward integration of external software packages and user-written functions. The interpreter is equipped with a command expander to provide parameter checking, default handling and command control without the burden of the C punctuation. The command expander operates on a command description file which is a text file containing per routine; type, default and range or legal values of its arguments. The window management system provides the possibility to enter commands through menus and dialogue boxes. The menus and dialogue boxes are reconfigurable and automatically generated from the comma...

Since the 1960s, the United States government has paid increasing attention to the rights of language minorities and to the need for greater civic and political integration of these groups. With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the issuance of Executive Orders, and intervention by the federal judiciary, progress has been made in the realm of language access. State and local courts have likewise taken steps (albeit imperfectly) to provide interpretation and translation assistance to Limited English Proficient persons. Most recently, responding to both lack of services and inconsistent practices, the American Bar Association has set out national guidelines on the subject. As language access rises in importance – within the government as a whole, and the legal system in particular – law schools have begun to develop strategies to promote language access within the academy. These strategies serve multiple purposes: to prepare students to identify, and respond to, issues of l...

En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados de una investigacion empirica cuyo objetivo era determinar la relacion existente entre las actividades de exportacion en el sector industrial vitivinicola de Castilla y Leon y el recurso a los servicios de mediacion linguistica por parte de las empresas. Tras explicar la metodologia utilizada, se analizan e interpretan los datos recogidos. Estos datos apuntan, por una parte, a una creciente internacionalizacion del mercado vitivinicola castellanoleones, a un recurso no totalmente generalizado al sitio web (monolingue o plurilingue) como medio de comunicacion de la bodega y, finalmente, a cierta falta de vinculacion de la industria vitivinicola con los servicios de mediacion linguistica. En las conclusiones se sacan consecuencias de los resultados anteriores para la investigacion en estudios de traduccion y para la formacion de traductores. Palabras clave: Traduccion vitivinicola, industria vitivinicola, sitio web multilingue, estudios...

Angelo & Cross (1993) found substantial differences in the teaching goals of faculty from different disciplines, yet they found no differences for educators based on their employment status or the type of institution in which they worked. The current quantitative study compared the teaching goals of interpreter educators with those of educators from other disciplines. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of 52 goal statements from Angelo & Cross’ Teaching Goal Inventory (TGI) in terms of what they aim to have students accomplish in their courses. The data suggest that interpreter education constitutes a separate discipline from the nine disciplines identified by Angelo & Cross. Interpreter educators place far more emphasis on the development of higher order thinking skills than do educators from most other disciplines. There appear to be no differences in the teaching goals of interpreter educators employed in a full-time or adjunct capacity, nor for interpreter educators e...