Iqtisad

Bu çalışmada, günümüzde üzerinde en çok vakit ve emek harcanan ve dünyevî bir uğraş olarak görülen iktisadın, modern hayattan bir tür kaçış ve uhrevî bir faaliyet alanı olarak algılanan tasavvuf penceresinden görünümü üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle sûfîlerin iktisat anlayışının kaynakları sunulmakta ve temel iktisâdî ve tasavvufî kavramlar birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri açısından incelenmektedir. Tarihte farklı mutasavvıfların iktisâdî düşünce ve uygulamaları ile tasavvuf merkezli iktisâdî ve sosyal teşkîlâtlanmaların tespit edilmesi ve tüm bu çalışmaların birlikte ele alınması ile 'tasavvuf iktisadı' fikrine ulaşılmaktadır. 'Tasavvuf iktisadı' sûfîlerin iktisâdî madde ve hayat karşısındaki düşünce ve tavırlarından hareketle önerilen bir kavramlaştırmadır. Buna göre, tasavvufun iktisat içindeki insan karakteri 'iktisâdî sûfî' olarak adlandırılabilir. 'Tasavvuf iktisadı' mevcut seküler ekonomik ideolojilerden temel konularda farklılaşmaktadır. Sûfîlerin iktisâdî motivasyon kaynakları kendilerine özgüdür ve tasavvuf iktisadının 'iktisâdî tevhid' başta olmak üzere dayandığı bazı esaslar vardır. Anlaşılmaktadır ki, tasavvuf iktisadı vahdeti kesrette bulma, kâinata ulu bir nazar ile bakarak yokluk bilincine ulaşma ve bu yokluk ile hakîkî varlığa erişme yoludur. Bu anlamda tasavvuf ile iktisat insan hayatında birbirinden kopuk iki ayrı alan değil, dünya ile âhiret, madde ile mânâ gibi birbirini tamamlayıcı unsurlardır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Tasavvuf, Sûfî, Ekonomi, İktisat

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In this study, it is examined the view of economy/economics (iqtisād) which we spend intensive time and effort on it and which is approached as a secular domain nowadays, from the perspective of sufism that is perceived as an escape from the modern life and an ethereal activity. In this context, firstly, the sources of the sufis' understanding of economics are presented, and the basic economic and sufi concepts are studied in terms of their relationship with each other. The idea of 'sufi/sufistic economy/economics' is reached by determining the economic thoughts and practices of different sufis in history, as well as sufism-centered economic and social organizations and considering all these studies together. 'Sufi economics' (iqtisād in/of tasawwuf) is a proposed conceptualization based on sufis' thoughts and attitudes towards economic issues and life. Accordingly, the human character of sufism in economy can be called 'economic sufi (sufi with/in iqtisād)'. The 'sufi economics' differs from existing secular economic ideologies on fundamental issues. Sufis' sources of economic motivation are unique to them, and there are some principles on which the 'sufi economy' is based, especially 'economic oneness (tawheed in/of iqtisād)'. It has been understood that 'sufi economics/iqtisād' is a way to find to unity via abundance, to reach consciousness of nothingness (faqr) by looking at a transcendental view the universe and to access the real existence/being. In this sense, sufism and economy/economics (iqtisād) are not two separate areas from each other, but complementary elements such as the world and the hereafter, matter and spirit in human life.
Key Words : 'Tasawwuf', Sufism, Sufi, Economy, Economics, 'Iqtisad'

Critically reviews the process of the Islamization of knowledge as applied toward the discipline of ‎economics over the last thirty years. One of the lacuna behind the not yet fully developed field of Islamic economics is the nondevelopment of its methodological aspects. This has been a result ‎of narrowing the understanding of methodology to that of usul al-fiqh, which unfortunately has ‎been limited to mean the legal sciences or jurisprudence. Since Islamic economics is a social/human ‎science, the way forward is to develop an usul al-iqtisad, or methodology of social science, that ‎may be quite different in its specific rule and criteria compared to the former. The author calls for ‎revisiting the methodological aspect of the Faruqi work plan for the Islamization of knowledge, ‎which has been overlooked and neglected.‎

Islam adalah agama yang sangat menjunjung tinggi harkat dan martabat setiap orang tanpa membedakan jender, baik pria maupun wanita. Akan tetapi sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman, scrupture agama menjadi multitafsir yang mengagungkan jender tertentu dan merendahkan lainnya. Ketimpangan peran sosial berdasarkan jender (gender inequality) dianggap sebagai divine creation, segalanya bersumber dari Tuhan. Berbeda dengan persepsi para feminis yang menganggap ketimpangan itu semata-mata sebagai konstruksi masyarakat (social construction).Ketimpangan peran sosial berdasarkan jender masih tetap dipertahankan dengan dalih doktrin agama. Agama dilibatkan untuk melestarikan kondisi di mana kaum perempuan tidak menganggap dirinya sejajar dengan laki-laki. Tidak mustahil di balik…

The neoliberal economic system is an economic system that is used to support economic and political activities in almost all countries. However, a series of failures emerged from the neoliberal economic system. The basic problem with this system is the creation of high economic inequality at the country level and social inequality at the community level. This study aims to prove the fragility of the neoliberal economic system by using Muhammad Bāqir al-Ṣadr's sharp analysis of Materialism Capitalism. This study uses a literature study method using a qualitative descriptive critical analysis approach, which relies on library research and prioritizes philosophical and theoretical preparation, with the main reference sources being books by Muhammad Bāqir al-Ṣadr, especially Falsafatunā and Iqtiṣādunā. According to Bāqir al-Ṣadr, the Islamic economic system based on the doctrine of Islamic economics is the foundation for the formation of laws relating to the welfare and happiness of society in various aspects of life, including the economy. This economic system is also able to be the answer to the problems posed by various economic systems based on Capitalism and Materialism.

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