Judo

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which gender, age, skill level, and years of practice serve as predictors of coping styles in judo. Participants in the study consisted of 98 judo competitors (47 females and 51 males, aged 13–21 years). As a result of the agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis four coping styles have been established for the Brief COPE inventory in approach–avoidance and cognitive–behavioral dimensions, with dominant approach coping style. The standard multiple regression analysis indicated ...

On the 5 of February 2016, the Martial Arts Studies Research Network held its first one-day seminar, on the theme of gender issues in theory and practice. Hosted by the University of Brighton, the day drew around 30 delegates, including academics from various fields of study and martial arts practitioners from a range of styles. The day featured discussion on a number of themes on the topic of gender; while a short summary of these can be found here, this report focuses on the key points raised by delegates during the first of two plenary sessions, addressing the ways in which clubs and gyms might best improve women’s and girls’ involvement in martial arts and combat sports (MACS).

Com prefácios de Mario Matsuda (primeiro volume), Chiaki Ishii (segundo volume) e Massao Shinohara (terceiro volume), e escrito em coautoria com o sensei Rioiti Uchida, esta trilogia é uma leitura mais do que recomendada para todos aqueles que se interessam em compreender o judô e, ainda mais especialmente, um dos seus aspectos mais importantes – embora ainda pouco reconhecido e apreciado: o kata. Para faixas-preta e “coral” (kodanshas) que se dedicam a aprimorar o kata, trata-se de uma leitura obrigatória!

De forma estruturada e de fácil entendimento, a trilogia reforça e enfatiza a divulgação dos ensinamentos do judô, abordando toda a teoria que o envolve, ao mesmo tempo que também a torna mais acessível ao ilustrá-la por meio de fotos e de legendas que detalham tanto o kata quanto outras inúmeras técnicas.

This essay explores the roots of Jujutsu, Judo and Aikido in the United Kingdom. Along with that, it includes an interview with a pioneering martial artist from that era.

Please purchase my books to read more:

Founding of Jujutsu, Judo & Aikido in the United Kingdom (B&W): https://www.amazon.com/Founding-Jujutsu-Aikido-United-Kingdom/dp/B08FV7LRRB

The Founding of Jujutsu, Judo & Aikido in the United Kingdom (Color): https://www.amazon.com/founding-Jujutsu-Aikido-United-Kingdom/dp/B08T43T5C8

Kenshiro Abbe: The forgotten Budoka: https://www.amazon.com/Kenshiro-Abbe-forgotten-Abdul-Rashid/dp/B095GRWJKD

British Aikido History: (Color): https://www.amazon.com/British-Aikido-History-pioneers-Kenshiro/dp/B08Y4HBDMT

British Aikido History: (B&W): https://www.amazon.com/British-Aikido-History-pioneers-Kenshiro/dp/B08Y49S8TR

Introduction: Traumatic atlanto-axial rotational subluxations (AARS) represent a serious condition that is associated with neurological complications, and should be considered among jūdō sports injuries involving the neck.
Case presentation: A 6-year-old Caucasian girl with approximately 1 year of recreational jūdō experience presented with neck and shoulder pain while holding her head in a “Cock-robin” sideways tilted position. During a children’s jūdō class while seated on “all fours” she had been subjected to an improperly executed turnover performed by a boy of similar age, body mass and experience. Because of increasing torticollis symptoms after class she was taken by her parents to a local hospital’s emergency department where X-rays showed a mid-clavicular fracture. It was not until 7 weeks post-accident that a CT scan was ordered and a type-III traumatic acute AARS causing her clinical symptoms was recognized.
Differential diagnosis: Congenital cervical spine anomalies, Grisel’s syndrome, Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Odontoid fracture without atlanto-axial dislocation.
Treatment: A halo crown traction brace connected to a cervical traction pulley with gradual increased weight (+0.5 kg every half day to a maximum of 6.5 kg) was used for reduction over a 17-day period, followed by 6 weeks of ambulant immobilization with a halo vest, and 8 weeks of wearing a stiff neck brace. The girl fully recovered but was advised not to return to practicing contact sports until achieving skeletal maturity.
Uniqueness of the study: AARS has not previously been described in association with jūdō practice in children.
Conclusion: Traumatic AARS should be considered as a potential diagnosis in jūdōka, especially those of very young age and of female gender, when presenting with torticollis following mechanical impact or severe pressure on the head if blocked in a tilted position. Prompt diagnosis is crucial, preferably by open-mouth X-rays and CT scan, to ensure proper management and prevent neurological complications.

IIEPJudo is an Inclusive Educational Program designed to teach basic Judo techniques to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, under the Universal Design of Learning methodology. IEPJudo was, additionally, designed to bring in active participation social groups at risk for social exclusion, as the children with ASD that participated in the IEPJudo, were supported by the members of Judo club Τherapeutic Community TC, at the brown belt level (1o KYU ). The members of TC, that were taught Judo during their therapy, supported the children with ASD, as uke, during their Judo practice, under their Sensei and special educator's instructions. The implementation of IEPJudo had extremely positive effects for children with ASD as it was documented by the Special Educator External Observer with a black belt WJF, their parents and their Sensei's assessment. Children with ASD after their IEP Judo participation took part in inclusive Judo competitions organized in the context of the World Judo Federation with positive effects on their psychomotor and social skills and their families' psychological status. The IEP Judo program, also, supported the members of Therapeutic Communities in their therapeutic prosses, as is clearly documented by them in their research dairies. The educational material and methodology, the 8 assessment tools and the results of IEP Judo implementation in two children with ASD are presented in details. The IEPJudo implemented at the "of Include School for all: Tokei Maru" in Thessaloniki, Greece, in the context of the action "learn How to Fall, Stand Up and Demand" that was donated by Points of Support. The book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Jigoro Kano, Shinan for the 160th anniversary of his birthday.

In this paper we provide an appraisal of the scientific foundations of the Olympic sport "judo" from a Western perspective, i.e. a biomechanical reassessment of the basic teaching tools of the foundations of Jigoro Kano's Kodokan judo. The core of judo functional organization is the triad made up by the "Kuzushi-Tsukuri-Kake" movement. Kuzushi (unbalance), tsukuri (entry and proper fitting of Tori's [the actor] body into the position prior to the throwing phase), and kake (execution of the judo throwing action) occur as one effective movement without separation. Biomechanical analysis is able to broaden and deepen these steps proposed by Kan\=o, who for didactic reasons had separated the whole movement into three steps, as was pointed out previously by old Japanese biomechanical studies. The results of our biomechanical reassessment support: The importance of broadening the unbalance concept to the dynamic situation.Singling out the existence of two classes of paths and trajectories called "Action Invariants". The first, "General Action Invariants", are connected to the whole body motion for shortening the distance in the kuzushi/tsukuri phase; the second one, the "Specific Action Invariants", are connected to the superior and inferior kinetic chains motion and right positioning connected to both the kuzushi and tsukuri phases.The existence of two basic physical principles of throwing in according to a new classification.In a clear way the basic mechanical steps of all throws, and also show hidden connections, similarities and differences among judo throwing techniques, making this reassessment particularly useful from a didactic point of view. Demonstrate that this biomechanical approach is also able to understand how new and innovative technical variations are born.Our reassessment helps clarifying his concept and facilitates teachers and coaches in their professional work.

Japanese martial arts have gained immense popularity and have spread all over the world. They are a favored recreation, as well as a profession to millions of practitioners. However, the martial arts considered in the article – Judo, Karate and Aikido, bear within them the tradition and culture of their place of origin. The key question is this: are they liberated from their mystical, in fact religious past and ancient practice, in the form of philosophy and methods of training. The article gives a critical analysis of the ideas of the founders of the stated martial arts: Jigoro Kano,  Gichin  Funakoshi  and  Morihei  Ueshiba  and  checks  to  what  extent  their very ideas and ultimate goals of martial arts are determined by Eastern mysticism, mainly in the form of Zen Buddhism and Shintoism. Besides that, the literature of distinguished domestic authors has also been analyzed in order to see whether the practice of the founders have been neglected or faithfully preserved. Judo has proved itself to be completely secular while the situation with Karate and Aikido is more complex. Funakoshi has preached modern methods of training, the road which is followed by the majority of Karate masters, while some have gone back to older practices: a mystical, irrational approach to martial art and to everyday training. On the other hand, in its essence, Aikido represents a religion and Morihei Ueshiba is its Prophet. In fact, the martial art is yields to the purpose of its final, completely religious goal. Still, by analyzing some Serbian authors, it is evident that this practice has been given up and that the practical part of Aikido as a martial art is dominant. Still, it is possible to also find Serbian authors who devotedly follow the path of Ueshiba and accept his philosophy in its entirety. This article aims to point out the significance of this problem, which does not only affect the philosophies of these martial arts, primarily in the form of defining the “ultimate goal” of the martial art itself, but also spreads its influence on the training methods. It is important to know for every practitioner whether his trainer or “sensei” views the martial art as a form of recreation, aiming to promote it as such, with modern training methods, or if there is a mystical approach to training with religious elements prevailing.

The martial arts were used in the Japanese educational and military systems  to inculcate the samurai’s notions of honor and loyalty (bushido) in the general public. This article therefore posits that the martial arts played a role in the rise of Japanese nationalism and influenced the events that took place leading up to and during World War II.

Kōdōkan jūdō is the first Japanese martial art ever introduced in Hungary, at the beginning of the twentieth century. In order to make jūdō popular among the general public, it was necessary to translate the cryptic Japanese names of the techniques to more familiar Hungarian terms, thus Hungarian jūdōterminology was born. Since then, nearly a century has passed, and partly because of the terminology, (which had no linguistic foundations but was created on the basis of mere observation by Hungarian practitioners), jūdō has drifted away from its authentic Japanese roots. In this study, I introduce the main translational errors affecting the terminology and try to offer some solutions favouring a more accurate Hungarian jūdō-terminology for the future.

It is now well established that strenuous engagement in aerobic endurance sports may cause menstrual' problems and hypoestrogenemia·related phenomena, such as osteoporosis. The present study was. designed to assess whether the competitive practice of female judoists produces specific physiological changes in menstruation and bone and muscle metabolism. A test group of 17 white female judoists (mean VO2 max, 50.9 ± 2.8 mL/kg•min; mean percent body fat. 16.3 ± 3.3%). a reference group of oarswomen, and a group of sedentary. women participated in this study. Specific metabolic parameters were deter-mined before and after a heavy 5-week pre-Olympic training period. With regard to anthropometrical characteristics;. after a period of intensive training, female judoists significantly differed (P < 0.05) from their pretraining values for percent body fat (-2.2%) and number of oligomenorrheic individuals (+28.4%). Mean baseline post-training luteal phase plasma levels of estrone (78 ± 26 pmol/L), estradiol (85 ± 70 pmol/L), LH (7.6 ± 2.8 IU/L),and progesterone (13.4 ± 3.1 nmol/L) were significantly lower than those in both reference groups, although pretraining values did not significantly differ from ...

This paper explores the way violence is understood and controlled in judo. The analysis is based on historical sources and classic principles of the martial art as well as in the regulations and official guidelines of the main institutions governing sportive judo. The focus is on the apparent tension between the principle of “maximum efficacy” (Seiryoku-Zenyo) and the way violence is addressed at no less than three levels: in sparring and competition, in teaching and training, and in society at large. The conclusion being the claim: judo is a “non-violent martial art”.

Մարզման գործընթացի արդյունավետության ապահովումն այսօր դարձել է սպորտի ոլորտի մասնագետների առաջնային խնդիրներից մեկը, քանի
որ կյանքի բոլոր ոլորտների զարգացումն ազդել է նաև
մարզման և մրցակցային գործընթացների վրա:
Հետազոտության նպատակն է ուսումնասիրել մարզման արդյունավետության բարձրացմանը նպաստող գործոնները բարձր նվաճումների սպորտում:

This paper seeks to explore the wide variety of transliterations that have been used for the Japanese kanji 柔術 in Western languages during the 20th century. I intend to provide a historically grounded understanding of the different terms and outline the reasons that contemporary usage of specific spellings is important for historical continuity and accuracy in the hoplology research of these martial arts.

Ըմբշամարտում մարզական գործունեությունը տարեցտարի զգալի փոփոխություններ է կրում, որն
ուղղված է մարզաձևի մասսայականացմանը և բարձր նվաճումների ձեռքբերմանը։ Մարզման գործընթացն ամբողջությամբ զարգանում է բեռնվածության ծավալի ու լարվածության մեծացման
հաշվին, որն էլ օրգանիզմին ներկայացնում է նորանոր պահանջներ։
Հետազոտության նպատակն է` ուսումնասիրել ըմբշամարտում վերականգնման միջոցների կիրառման առանձնահատկությունները:

Background and Study Aim: The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive review of nage-waza ura-no-kata [“Forms of Reversing Throwing Techniques”], a non-officially accepted kata of Kōdōkan jūdō made famous by the late Mifune Kyūzō (1883-1965), of which the date of creation has not been previously established, nor under what circumstances it was created or what its sources of inspiration were.
Material and Methods: To achieve this, we offer a careful critical analysis of the available literature and rare source material on this kata.
Results: In 1903 Mifune entered the Kōdōkan and in 1904 he attended Waseda University’s Preparatory School for a year. The inspiration for Nage-waza ura-no-kata may be traced back to Waseda University, where Takahashi Kazuyoshi was Mifune’s contemporary. While Mifune, in combination with an intensive competitive career, also spent time researching new individual throwing techniques, it is Takahashi’s research that focused on the concept of ura-waza or reverse-throws. On Kanō’s invitation Takahashi authored many articles on this topic which appeared in Yūkō-no-Katsudō, the Kōdōkan’s official magazine. It is likely that drawing from Takahashi’s and his own research Mifune completed his nage-waza ura-no-kata probably around 1934-1938. The objective of the kata is not to copy a supposed gold standard performance that then needs to be evaluated and scored by a jury, but to develop the ability of performing jūdō at the supra-mechanical level of myōwaza [unexplainable sophisticated technique], irrespective of differences in minute technical details.
Conclusions: Nage-waza ura-no-kata is an exercise devised by expert-technician Mifune Kyūzō which similarly to katame-no-kata complements nage-no-kata and of which the practice is intended to contribute to developing the highest levels of jūdō technical ability.

Inoue Shōji (1927-2018) was born in Tokushima prefecture, Japan. As a youngster he took up jūdō. Later, he studied Kitō-ryū jūjutsu for some time with Odaka Shigeru. During his professional career as a prison guard he followed up on an offer to become a jūdō therapist. In a dōjō in the Yamashina-ku ward in Kyōto he taught both jūdō and a limited catalogue of Kitō-ryū that included exercises that were adopted into Kōdōkan jūdō under the name koshiki-no-kata [The Antique Forms]. With Kōdōkan jūdō continuing to deteriorate into an ordinary sport and losing its core values and purpose, Inoue increasingly appreciated the traditional martial arts values preserved in Kitō-ryū jūjutsu. His enthusiasm was reflected in beginning to give public demonstrations at various events in Japan and becoming a representative of Kitō-ryū in the Nihon Kobudō Kyōkai. Inoue’s supreme moment of glory likely was his public demonstration in 2013 at the occasion of the Fifth International Judo Federation (IJF) World Kata Judo Championships held in Kyōto. It was this performance that introduced him to the international jūdō community and brought him certain fame. For most foreign jūdōka this was their first contact with Kitō-ryū. Irrespective of the quality of Inoue’s display, his approach offered a counterweight against the Kōdōkan’s historic reinvention and the IJF sports kata caricature. Several video clips publicly available on YouTube remain as a lasting memory of his art. Inoue Shōji held the rank of Kōdōkan 8th dan, and peacefully died in Kyōto on October 30th, 2018.

Background and Study Aim: The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive review of katame-waza ura-no-kata [“Forms of Reversing Throwing Techniques”], a non-officially accepted kata of Kōdōkan jūdō made famous by the late Mifune Kyūzō, of which the date of creation has not been previously established, nor under what circumstances it was created or what its sources of inspiration were.
    Material and Methods: To achieve this, we offer a careful critical analysis of the available literature and rare source material on this kata.
    Results: Katame-waza ura-no-kata was finalized by Itō Kazuo (1898-1974) in June 1970 mainly based on techniques Itō had learned from his teacher Mifune Kyūzō. Mifune, in turn, drew his inspiration of the nige-waza [escaping techniques] and kaeshi-waza [countering] included in the kata likely from intellectual ideas of Takahashi Kazuyoshi and newaza [ground fighting] techniques perfected primarily by Oda Jōin, Mifune himself and to a lesser extent possibly by Toku Sanbō, Kawakami Chū, and others. Katame-waza ura-no-kata adheres to the same structure as katame-no-kata hence is divided in three series of five techniques each followed up by a counter-control technique. Katame-waza ura-no-kata is a randori-no-kata form. The objective of the kata is not to copy a supposed gold standard performance that then needs to be evaluated and scored by a jury, but to develop the ability of performing jūdō at the supra-mechanical level of myōwaza [unexplainable sophisticated technique], irrespective of differences in minute technical details.
    Conclusions: Katame-waza ura-no-kata is an exercise devised by the late jūdō master Itō Kazuo, which similarly to how katame-no-kata complements nage-no-kata, serves as a complement to nage-waza ura-no-kata. It is a valuable training exercise of which the practice is intended to contribute to developing the highest levels of jūdō technical ability. Sadly, the kata remains largely unfamiliar to most jūdōka due to a lack of qualified instructors and its current status as a non-officially accepted Kōdōkan kata.

The sport of jūdō was intended as an activity “for all”. Since in 1996 a major sex abuse scandal broke out that involved a Dutch top jūdō coach and several female elite athletes, international media have identified many more abuses. To date no scholarly studies exist that have examined the nature, extent, and consequences of these anomalies. We intend in this paper to review and analyze sexual abuses in jūdō. To do so we offer a descriptive jurisprudence overview of relevant court and disciplinary cases, followed by a qualititative-analytical approach looking at the potential factors that prompt jūdō-related bullying and sexual harassment. Sex offenders may be attracted to jūdō because of: 1. the extensive bodily contact during grappling, 2. the easy access to voyeuristic opportunities during contest weigh-ins and showering, 3. Jūdō’s authoritarian and hierarchical structure as basis for ‘grooming’, 4. lack of integration of jūdō’s core moral component in contemporary jūdō coach and instructor education, and 5. its increasing eroticization by elite jūdō athletes posing for nude calendars and media and by specialized pornographic jūdō manga and movies. Cultural conceptions and jurisprudence are factors that affect how people perceive the seriousness and how these offences are dealt with. A survey of 19 cases of abuse in jūdō worldwide shows that cultural conceptions and jurisprudence cause that such cases are handled in a very heterogeneous way by the law and by the jūdō governing bodies. Jūdō clubs and organizations overall suffer from a lack of expertise, intellectual insight, ethical objectivity, and solid procedures of fairness for both victim and accused, in this way often failing in both sufficiently protecting the weak from sex offenders, and in educating and reintegrating past of-fenders through jūdō activities that do not involve their victim target groups. Jūdō’s moral philosophy implicitly attempts to offer a utilitarian answer as to how the jūdō community should deal with serious offences. These incidents, however, continue to show the limitations of jūdō‘s utopian “prosperity for all” objective.

Background and Study Aim: The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive review of katame-waza ura-no-kata [“Forms of Reversing Throwing Techniques”], a non-officially accepted kata of Kōdōkan jūdō made famous by the late Mifune Kyūzō, of which the date of creation has not been previously established, nor under what circumstances it was created or what its sources of inspiration were.
Material and Methods: To achieve this, we offer a careful critical analysis of the available literature and rare source material on this kata.
Results: Katame-waza ura-no-kata was finalized by Itō Kazuo (1898-1974) in June 1970 mainly based on techniques Itō had learned from his teacher Mifune Kyūzō. Mifune, in turn, drew his inspiration of the nige-waza [escaping techniques] and kaeshi-waza [countering] included in the kata likely from intellectual ideas of Takahashi Kazuyoshi and newaza [ground fighting] techniques perfected primarily by Oda Jōin, Mifune himself and to a lesser extent possibly by Toku Sanbō, Kawakami Chū, and others. Katame-waza ura-no-kata adheres to the same structure as katame-no-kata hence is divided in three series of five techniques each followed up by a counter-control technique. Katame-waza ura-no-kata is a randori-no-kata form. The objective of the kata is not to copy a supposed gold standard performance that then needs to be evaluated and scored by a jury, but to develop the ability of performing jūdō at the supra-mechanical level of myōwaza [unexplainable sophisticated technique], irrespective of differences in minute technical details.
Conclusions: Katame-waza ura-no-kata is an exercise devised by the late jūdō master Itō Kazuo, which similarly to how katame-no-kata complements nage-no-kata, serves as a complement to nage-waza ura-no-kata. It is a valuable training exercise of which the practice is intended to contribute to developing the highest levels of jūdō technical ability. Sadly, the kata remains largely unfamiliar to most jūdōka due to a lack of qualified instructors and its current status as a non-officially accepted Kōdōkan kata.

Članak razmatra karijere istaknutih policijskih funkcio-nera na prostoru Jugoslavije 90-ih godina 20. veka za koje je zajednička karak-teristična crta bila bavljenje džudoom. Dinamika karijere Radomira Stojičića Badže, Sente Milenkovića, Gorana Radosavljevića Gurija i drugih analizirana je dominantno uz pomoć intervjua istaknutog funkcionera Džudo saveza Jugo-slavije i njihovog bliskog prijatelja, Vuka Rašovića.

David B. Waterhouse (1936‐2017) was a Professor emeritus, Japanese studies scholar, and humanities polymath. Educated to concert pianist level, he graduated in Western Classics, Moral Sciences, and Oriental Studies from the University of Cambridge. It is there where during his freshman year he had attended for first time a live jūdō demonstration, and had decided to start his jūdō career. Professor Waterhouse would eventually join the University of Toronto, where he would spend the rest of his professional career as an educator and scholar. David aptly understood and taught jūdō as it was meant by its founder, i.e. as a form of pedagogy striving for both physical and intellectual development. Consequently, his academic jūdō classes at the University of Toronto's Department of East Asian Studies attracted an enthusiastic crowd of students. Professor Waterhouse's scholarly legacy is vast, showing a remarkable breadth in topics which he surveyed, investigated and mastered, but he was particularly proud of his magnum

By comparing two methods of technique training, those of judo and  jiu-jitsu,  through  two  selected  techniques,  this  paper  analyses  the limitations in the training of a self-defense practitioner. Examining the nature of judo randori, i.e. the possibilities that it provides for the improvement of technique, the advantages of that training method are considered comparing to the methods of the technique improvement in jiu-jitsu. Since the techniques of jiu-jitsu are extremely unsafe, it is basically impossible to master them completely. They are trained with high precaution, usually “until the brink of pain”. Consequently, the practitioner of jiu-jitsu is unable to perform the technique to the very end, which, in reality (physical conflict), he/she would certainly do. On the other hand, the techniques of judo can be performed with full power and with full resistance of the adversary. Therefore, a jiu-jitsu practitioner is practically unable to master the techniques completely, considering the stages of training methods, while for the practitioner of judo all of those stages remain available.

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics, such as strength, flexibility, agility and balance of participants who competed in Muay Thai and how they may differ from those who compete in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and Judo. Fourteen healthy male participants participated in this study: age's 24.3±3.28 yrs, height 174±3.8 cm and weight 80.51±4.8 kg. Participants were tested on a variety of measures that included three balance tests, one of which was administered with eyes closed; flexibility measurements of flexion, extension, hip internal and external rotation, strength tests included grip strength for dominant and non-dominant hands as well as a timed wall squat test with each leg raised at a time and finally, two agility tests that included the T-test and hexagonal test. There was a significant different between agility and strength measurements between the two martial art combinations of Muay Thai in comparison to Brazilian Jiu Jitsu and Judo. Strength measures indicated that the right grip strength for those competing in Jiu Jitsu/Judo (56.3±11.3) was significantly greater compared to those who competed in Muay Thai (44.5±7.3; p=0.43), while differences for the left hand grip approached significance (p=0.056). Differences in agility were also found with those competing in Muay Thai being significantly faster (4.8±1.39 sec) in the T-test than the Jiu Jitsu/Judo group (7.71±0.54 sec; p=0.001). None of the other measurements were significantly different between the two groups. These findings support the literature where studies have shown that those training for Muay Thai rely more on quickness and speed while those training for Jiu Jitsu/Judo rely more on strength.

Love Fighting Hate Violence is a campaign aiming to raise awareness of the important moral difference between sport-based combat, and violence. It seeks to encourage practitioners and fans of martial arts and combat sports to reflect on this distinction, and to encourage various forms of anti-violence action within and through their different disciplines. This manifesto aims to clarify some of the central ideas and objectives of LFHV. It outlines the reasoning behind the campaign, points to the general spirit of what we hope it can achieve, and also hints at some ways it could be put into practice.

NB - the manifesto is also available in Polish and Spanish via our website, www.lfhv.org/manifesto - other translations to follow.

Sem dúvida essa obra é uma das mais importantes contribuições no Brasil para o estudo dos fundamentos educativos do judô o que demonstra que a tradição da modalidade de judô está ultrapassando os pódios olímpicos alcançando um espaço relevante na produção acadêmica em Educação.

Specialists in Judô are able to analyze a throwing technique in terms of performance, however it is unkown a well-defined criteria to quantify the differences. If throwing technique is to be studied, it is necessary to assign values to perform them. Thus, the aim of this study was to elaborate and validate two qualitative tests of movement pattern of the Judô’s throwing technique tai otoshi, named "Global configuration" and "Kuzushi." The judo specialists analyzed nine edited blows and
ten surveyors analyzed the clarity, pertinence and the understanding of checking list. The results showed that the checking list proposed is reproductive and reliable to Tai
Otoshi’s movement pattern evaluation.