Karnataka

Essays in Honour of Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiah's Promotion of Jain Studies, edited by Christine Chojnacki and Basile Leclère, Bengaluru: Sapna Book House (Proceedings of the international workshop "The Constitution of a Literary Legacy and the Tradition of Patronage in Jainism" organized by Christine Chojnacki and Basile Leclère at Lyon 3 University, France,  15-17 September 2016).

Thirteen tomato hybrids were developed and tested for yield and bacterial wilt resistance during 2003-2006 at Olericulture Unit, Department of Horticulture, UAS, Dharwad. The data revealed that the hybrid Arka Alok x SP-2-2 was recorded highest yield (59.07t/ha), followed by Arka Alok x L-101 (53.72 t/ha) and Sonali x SP-2-2 (51.87 t/ha) in an averaged over period of four years and also during all the year of experimentation. The same hybrids (Arka Alok x SP-2-2, Arka x L-101 & Sonali x SP-2-2) were free from bacterial wilt incidence (zero incidence) and they recorded 2.65,2.45,and 2.29kgs of fruits per plant respectively. Therefore these hybrids can be commercially exploited.

The study on survey and surveillance was carried out on the occurrence of insect pests and their natural enemies on aonla in middle Gujarat region for three years 2002-05. The major pests recorded were Betousa stylophora Swinhoe, Gracillaria acidula (Meyrick), Selepa celtis Moore and Indarbela tetraonis Moore belonging to the order Lepidoptera, Cerciaphis emblica Patel and Kulkarni, Nipaecoccus vastator (Maskell) and Oxyrhachis tarandus Fabricius of Homoptera, the Myllocerus discolor Boheman of Coleoptera and termite, Odontotermes spp. of Isoptera. Among the natural enemies, two species of coccinellid beetles viz., Cheilomenes (Menochilus) sexmaculata Fabr. and Coccinella septempunctata Linn., feeding on aphid and other sucking pests during April to November, four species of spiders (Neoscona sp., Peucetia sp., Argiope sp. and Oxyopes sp.) feeding on mealy bugs throughout the year as well as mantids were found preying on different pests of aonla during March to November, except firs...

Review article that focuses on twenty years of publications on the city of Bangalore with special attention to:
- Askew—A Short Biography of Bangalore by TJS George
- Reengineering India—Work, Capital, and Class in an Offshore Economy by Carol Upadhya
- Encoding Race, Encoding Class—Indian IT Workers in Berlin by Sareeta Amrute

Abstract: Considering the history of the health care and the competition in the same sector was very high due to
number of HCU’s, customer base, and restriction on Cashless facilities in the India. The health care sector has been
considered as a major participant in service industry involving ample transaction between the patient and personnel
within HCU’s on various aspects.Early 90’s saw the on-set of globalization in Indian market with most of the sectors
including health care is to global competition. Since the beginning of time, technology has shaped and reshaped the
way people live and work. From the invention of the wheel, to the first bow and arrow, the discovery of electricity and
wireless communications, and the first computer, every technological development has brought with it new
possibilities and challenges.This has prompted HCU’s to bring CRM as inherent process in all processes. Some of
their processes are ATM in campus, cashless facility, etc., Technological innovations have changed the way doctors
and Para medicine workers perform routine practices and the way they interact with their patients on a day-to-day
basis. This has led to enhanced customer satisfaction.This new pace has changed the environment of competition in the
Health care market. Even traditional (nationalized and private) health care units geared up with the same speed.A need
has been felt to enhance the facilities like cash less facility, ATM in campus, General stores, children park, mind
refresh games which in turn are really contributing to the enhancement of customer satisfaction both in patients and
out patients. Whether patient want or don’t, still, these services are should be made available in campus are canteen,
medical shop etc. Since no research work is done in this regard in this particular region of North Karnataka, a need has
been felt to research and find out to what extent introduction of CRM has really contributed patient satisfaction. In the
process of doing this, how it has affected the patient and the HCU personnel.The analysis proves that the satisfaction
levels for all the facilities is quiet higher or facility is available up to required level, which indicates at least that they
are not on the dissatisfied side, in core CRM practices are appreciated by patients in the study area, by adopting an
explorative Reserch model. A sample of 300 patients has been chosen across the hospitals in three Districts of North
Karnataka through convenience sampling basis using an explorative research design in the context.

This essay investigates Sankara Eye Foundation’s ability as a private healthcare firm in providing cataract surgeries to a level required by the market. Therefore, the research question: To what extent does a private firm, ‘Sankara Eye Foundation’, provide high quality ‘cataract surgery’ to a socially optimum level in Bangalore, Karnataka, India? was formed.

Cataract surgery, a merit good, is discussed to show that economies of scale allows Sankara to provide free cataract surgeries. To gain stronger understanding, both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed. An interview was conducted with Mr. Vikram Chaudhuri, the CEO of Sankara Eye Foundation, to understand how Sankara functions and attains low cost of production. 100 patients were surveyed at a community outreach programme to understand trends in age, gender and change in income post the surgery. Data was tabulated in the form of pie charts and bar graphs. Secondary sources included various information booklets, brochures, handouts and Sankara’s website.

Results from data analysis revealed that Sankara works on an 80-20 model in which 80% patients opt for free medical services and 20% pay for their surgeries. Sankara gains significant internal economies of scale in the form of division of labor, managerial, technical, financial and marketing economies of scale, thereby correcting market failure to an extent as cataract surgeries are underprovided by the market. Sankara funds free surgeries with the money from paid surgeries as its cost of providing cataract surgeries decreases. Data also suggests that most patients feel independent, increasingly contribute to the economy, reduce the dependency on other patients and citizens, and move up at least one income bracket post the surgery.

While the demand for cataract surgeries in India is large, Sankara plays its part in resolving this market failure and moving the market towards the social optimum.

Zwischen 2006 und 2008 erhielt das Museum Rietberg als Geschenk eine Sammlung aus Wien von über fünfzig südindischen Bronzen und Holzskulpturen. Im Katalog zur Ausstellung werden die Buta-Verehrung in Karnataka anhand von Masken,  Ritualen und Quellentexten erstmals dem deutschsprachigen Publikum vorgestellt.

The weathered geological topographical formation of the Deccan in North Karnataka, gets a form and manifests itself as impulses of intangible and tangible heritage reflecting diversified ingenuity of human beings. While Hampi remains a highlight for travelers when they visit this region, it is the lesser known destinations of Ahihole, Pattadakal and Badami that speak of sacred stories in secret India. These Heritagescapes are reflective musings of underpinning of trade and economics, of power and egos and are older than the heirtagescape of the  Hampi  the heritage terrain of the Vijaynagar Kings (14th-17th AD).

Published by Notion Press, Chennai The above book written by Lalit Chugh has been published in 2016. The book covers the simultaneous progress in canonical literature and temple architecture and art of Karnataka. It covers a timeframe beginning with Prehistoric times (around 3500 BCE) to the Hoysala Period (1340 CE). The advent of scientific temper in material selection, architectural design, use of astronomy in temple design, mathematical constructs, fractal geometry and Borromean motifs has been examined while understanding and appreciating the Karnataka Temple. History of sculpture commencing from the Satavahana period till its exquisite form achieved during the Hoysala period too has been well captured. This book is intended for the visitors to Karnataka's ancient and medieval monuments to understand and appreciate their beauty and symmetry. It will answer many questions the visitor may have about the Temple Architecture and Sculpture while advising about their antiquity and history. The book has been written in simple language with emphasis on providing information rather than creating a scholarly text. In order to make it easier for the reader to understand the technical terms, description has been provided in simple words accompanied by illustrations and photographs. Historical perspectives have been adequately captured to illustrate the gradual advances in architectural designing techniques and sculptural refinements. It is hoped that the reader will find the book as a good companion while visiting monuments of Karnataka. Chapter 4 of the book will turn out to be the most useful for a layperson as it details most of the information about Temple layout, planning, components and architecture in simple and easily understandable terms, illustrated with photographs. History of Art and Architecture in Karnataka is detailed in Chapter 5 describing separately the influence of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism on it. Chapter 6 details seven Heritage Circuits of importance in Karnataka. That should help interested persons to plan their Heritage tours. While photographs having direct contextual bearing are inserted in the main body of the book, photographs of general interest and those relating to the Heritage Circuits have been inserted separately as Plates at the end. The reader may be having a lot of questions about the Art and Architecture of Karnataka. He/she may want to know about various Heritage Touring Circuits. He/she may want to know what went into designing, planning and constructing monuments over a thousand year ago. He/she may still wish to know how art and architecture progressed during the ancient and medieval times in Karnataka. This book attempts to answer a lot of these questions. Some typical questions answered in this book are:

Myth, Imagination & Intangible Heritage in Hampi Going Beyond Ruins Hampi is a small village located in North Karnataka south of the Tropic of Cancer in the Deccan Plateau. It is possibly the largest and perhaps best preserved medieval cities in India ruled by Hindu rulers of the Vijaynagar Empire and has been enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Innumerable secular and sacred structure punctuate the raw beauty of the landscape, where majestic boulders and ruins are provided relief by the pristine river Tungabhadra. This article argues that neither a tourism oriented visits nor conservation programs should be limited to just accessing the archaeological sites, and the natural environment, one must aspire to connect and relish the entire ecosystem within which both the

In this chapter, I attempt to provide a different a way of viewing goddesses by examining how they develop through their roles in the legitimation of kingship in South India and how that relates to the Purāṇic conception of the cosmos. My aim is to demonstrate one process through which a local goddess has, over a period of time, become associated with pan-Indian Purāṇic deities yet retained a distinctly local flavor.  In the medieval period during which all kings of South India were configured within complex of hierarchic relationships based on a Purāṇic model of overlordship, the imagined separation between “vernacular” and “Sanskritic” or “Brahminic” only masks the significant role of goddesses at various stages in the construction of statehood.  Their function in the construction of polity provides more insight into their place in the study of medieval Indian society than those that arise through a discussion of the “high Sanskritic” tradition or the “low vernaculars,” especially since both regional and local kingdoms operated according to the model of statehood provided in Purāṇic material.

A Study on use of information resources and services
of City Central Library and its branch libraries, Mysore ,
Karnataka State, India shows that majority of users were men
between the age group of 16 – 25 years and they included
unemployed graduates and students who visit the library daily.
Most of the users are also member of the library. They got
acquainted with the libraries through their friends and through
mobile library services. They opine that the location of library
and working hours are convenient to them. They visit the library
for educational purpose. Most of the users spend 2 hours per day
in the library. Short stories, adventure story books, biographies,
sports literature and general books were the most frequently read
information sources of interest to the users. Concludes that since
majority of the users are students and unemployed youth, public
libraries need to enrich their information resource collection,
provide access to Internet and offer community-based services,
including literary programs. Public libraries need to take
proactive approach in motivating users to use these resources and
services to enhance their competence level.

Poor water quality and lack of access to improved sanitation continue to pose a significant threat to human health. The burden of disease analysis suggests that lack of access to safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene is the third most significant risk factor for poor health in developing countries with high mortality rates. Diarrhoea is the leading disease associated with unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene and is responsible for the deaths. The study observed that out of the 150 respondents, 37% are 31-40 years, followed by 20-30 years with 32%. 130 (86.7%) respondents have got married, and 61% of the respondents are female. 85% adopted the nuclear family system, and 50% of respondents are illiterates in the study areas. 85% of respondents are daily wage earners, 37% are earnings rupees between 2000-2500 per month. 27% of respondents are landless labours, and 37% of households possess below 2 acres of land. 40% of respondents suffer from health problems, and 44% consume rice as their staple food. 62% of respondents have debts, and 33% got from money lenders. 62% of respondents do not have toilet facilities and go open defecation. 92% of respondents stated that toilet makes dignity, saves time and energy, saves their children school days, makes adolescent girls privacy, save wage loss, and toilet makes quality life.

The article gives a brief account of how geology and stone types influenced temple architecture in Karnataka, a state in Southern India. The theme of this paper is about the journey of rocks from hills to temples, exploring the “Evolution of temple Architecture and sculptural art forms in the state of Karnataka”. The aim is to explore how the type of naturally occurring stone belts, its qualities like hardness, texture and colours were understood by the ancient dynasties and accordingly experimented with stone blocks to create innovative art.

The evolution in art forms can be seen from two dimensional figures to three dimensional ones, further progressing to huge monolithic structures through the ages. The outcome can also be seen in the making the different styles of temple architecture that has heralded the glory of Karnataka. The geo morphs of Karnataka can be divided into three distinct zones of North, Central and South zones. Each of these zones has different type of stone belts that are datable to millions of years when they got formed are described in the article. The three examples of temples considered in this paper are: 1) Northern Karnataka, Bagalkot District: Badami, Aihole Pattadakal. 2) Central Karnataka, Bellary district: Hampi - Virupaksha Temple, Vittala Temple, Hazara Rama Temple. 3) Southern Karnataka, Hassan district: Somanathpur Temple, Halebid Temple, Belur Temple.

This comparative study investigates court politics in four kingdoms that succeeded the south Indian Vijayanagara empire during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries: Ikkeri, Madurai, Ramnad, and Tanjavur (the latter under both the Nayaka and Maratha Bhonsle dynasties). Building on a unique combination of unexplored Indian texts and Dutch archival (VOC) records, this research offers a captivating new analysis of political culture, power relations, and dynastic developments -- with chapters devoted to foundations myths, successions to the throne, the power of courtiers, court protocol and diplomatic insults, influences from Sultanate courts, and mutual relations.

In great detail, this monograph provides both new facts and fresh insights that contest existing scholarship. By highlighting their competitive, fluid, and dynamic nature, it undermines the historiography viewing these courts as harmonic, hierarchic, and static. Far from being remote, ritualised figures, we find kings and Brahmins contesting with other courtiers for power. At the same time, by stressing continuities with the past, this study questions recent scholarship that perceives a fundamentally new form of Nayaka kingship. Thus, this research has important repercussions for the way we perceive both these kingdoms and their ‘medieval’ precursors.

Investor behaviour is a hot cake in the academic community. The Investor behaviour is the process by which Investor tends to satisfy his/her needs by showing their choices. An in-depth review of literature has done to identify the factors influencing investment behaviour of investors in general. Among, few studies have examined the impact of these Social factors on investment behaviour of investors. And those studies revealed that social factors have significant influence on investment behaviour of investors. Comparatively (gender wise), most of the women were influenced by social factors. Hence, a study has taken up to examine the impact of Social factors on investment behaviour of working women exclusively at Hyderabad Karnataka Region of Karnataka. A descriptive study has been conducted with 480 samples selected based on convenient sampling method. The primary data has been collected with a structured, pretested questionnaire and the data collected were analysed through both descriptive and inferential statistics computed with the help of SPSS software. The study explored the fact that demographical factors have significant impact on the investment behaviour of working women.

Latest information(2013) on the present status of sea turtles along India's mainland. A 2010-12 project initiative by WWF-India.Compiled and Edited by Annie Kurian.

(This survey is after a decadal gap since the last GOI-UNDP survey carried out between 2000-2002.And editors of this report-Marine Turtles of the Indian Subcontinent-were Kartik Shanker and BC Choudhury)

P.S  Included in the 2013 report is comprehensive chapter contribution by  Dr.Chandrashekar Kar, and a good review effort Dr.S.Bhupathy- predecessors and among the foremost in sea turtle research and conservation in India. It is sad that both of them passed away in April 2014, and this report probably constitutes among the last of their visible efforts!My deep gratitude and respect to both these wonderful people who enlightened other lives!

The study encompassed computation of cost of milk production and analysis of milk production function of different species of milch animals under different levels of groundwater regimes (safe, semi-critical, critical and over exploitation). The study was conducted in the Chamarajanagar and Mysore districts of Karnataka state, which happen to represent both different groundwater regime and progressive dairy region. The study indicated noticeable variations in cost of milk production across species and regions. Cost of milk production was highest from local cows while it was least in crossbred cows. The net returns were highest for crossbreds while marginally negative net returns were observed in other cases. From the functional analysis, it was evident that concentrates and dry fodder exerted their significant influence on milk production. Dummy coefficient used to reflect the effect of groundwater exploitation on milk production, indicated that there was negative effect of groundwater exploitation on the gross returns from milk production.

Hundreds of early modern forts dot the South Indian landscape, but more is known about their art-historical aspects than how these fortifications were built, maintained, and used. The latter aspects are examined in a comparative analysis of six Mysore hill forts, using East India Company surveys that were prepared in 1802 shortly after British forces took command of these installations from Tipu Sultan's garrisons. These highly detailed inventories show that the hill forts were poorly maintained, inadequately supplied, contained relatively few garrison buildings, and, from the British perspective at least, were inadequately armed to mount a successful defense. At the turn of the century, these forts were functionally obsolete, ill prepared to serve as supply depots, and strategically valuable only to quiet local populations and deny the use of such places to potential enemies.

This article explores neglected currents in Vīraśaiva intellectual history by way of narrating an institutional microhistory of a single monastic lineage, situated in the village of Hooli in northern Karnataka. The lineage of what is today known as the Hooli Bṛhanmaṭha exemplifies Vīraśaivism's contribution to Sanskritic thought particularly through its close connection with the emergence of Śivādvaita as a philosophical school, best known for its expression in the writings of the sixteenth-century poly-math Appayya Dīkṣita. As attested in understudied works of Sanskrit and Kannada, moreover, pontiffs of the Hooli lineage from the sixteenth century onward were actively involved in the early systematization of what is now the Pañcācārya Vīraśaiva community, a project that drew no hard and fast boundaries between Sanskrit and the vernacular, or śāstric philosophy and devotion.

Oberlin, Heike. 2015. »Das Schattentheater in Südindien – Kerala und Karnataka«. In: Die Welt des Schattentheaters – Von Asien bis Europa. Ed. by Jasmin li Sabai Günther and Inés de Castro [Katalog zur Ausstellung im Linden-Museum, 3.10.2015-10.4.2016]. München: Hirmer, p. 60-77.

Karnataka Common Entrance Test KCET 2017
The Karnataka Common Entrance Test (KCET) is held by Karnataka Examination Authority for granting admissions to various undergraduate and professional courses of Medicine and Homeopathy.
Courses covered under KCET 2017 :
• Medical/Dental (MBBS/BDS)
• Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Naturopathy, and Yoga (ISM & H)
• Engineering/Technology (BE/BTech)
• Architecture (B Arch)
• BSc in Agriculture, Forestry, Sericulture, Agri-Biotech, Horticulture, Home Science
• Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry
• BTech in Food Tech, Dairy Technology, Fisheries Science, Food Science and Technology, Ag Marketing and Co-operation and Agricultural Engineering

A lot has been written and discussed how India is at the point of take-off.  Economic growth is accelerating, and most believe that high growth is going to continue for many years into the future.  A generation that is less affected by colonial hang-ups, more confident, highly educated and aware, is leading all sectors of the Indian economy.  However, differences within the country remain, and may even widen if concerted efforts are not put in.  Identifying the constraints and strengths at the state and sub-state level will enable a much more fine-tuned action.  This volume is designed to facilitate that objective by informing industry, students, government, NGOs, and any person interested in the progress of the states of India.

India has 6 Union Territories and 29 states (including Delhi which is now considered to be a state).  Of the 29 states, 19 have a population greater than 10 million – roughly the population of Poland.  Of the 235 countries of the world, 150 odd countries have a population below 10 million.  At 131 million UP has a population that is lower than only 8 countries including India.  A state such as Rajasthan has a land area greater than 342,000 sq. km and is larger than the United Kingdom and Ireland combined.  That there are significant differences in lifestyles, facilities, law and order, governance between different states is well known; but again, this common knowledge has come about more due to perceptions formed out of individual experiences.

Though most documents and reports bring out the salient features of the key states of India, few are able to bring out for the smaller states, Union Territories, and the north-east.  Moreover, precious few do so using data and information in an objective manner, such that anyone can decipher the strengths and weaknesses on various fronts.  Over and above that, very little is known about how states compare with each other.  Last, but not least, little is known how different parts of a state compare with each other. 

Indicus Analytics received support from PHDCCI to put together information on scores of different issues for all the states of India, including yours.  This information draws from the most credible and highly respected publications and databases brought out in recent years.  After ensuring that the information met the minimum quality specifications, it was analyzed in different ways.  Data for a state was compared over time and also with other states.   

Care has been taken that the researchers’ biases do not creep up, as is the case in many such comparisons.  The reader should for himself understand the various constraints that his or her state is facing, how well it is performing, how it compares to other states in the vicinity and with India overall.  This is all put together in such a way that the reader can draw his own conclusions. 

We hope that this profile benefits you in better understanding your state.  However, despite many crosschecks and dependence on credible information some errors might have crept in.  We accept those and would appreciate your comments for future improvements.