Kirgizistan

20. Yüzyılda Türkiye-Türk Dünyası İlişkileri, 2021
İnsanlık tarihi boyunca çok sayıda kavmin ve siyasi teşekküllün yok oluşuna, silinip gitmesine şahit olunmuştur. Buna mukabil kadim medeniyet merkezleri olarak kabul gören, Çin, Orta Asya, Avrupa, Hindistan, İran, Arap ve Yunan uygarlıklarının kalıcı olması ve günümüze intikal etmesini sağlayan en temel husus; tarihsel ve coğrafî süreklilikten ileri gelmektedir. Bu sürekliliğin Orta Asya’dan başlamak kaydıyla Türk soylu topluluklar tarafından da devam ettirildiği gerçeği, 19. yüzyıldan itibaren ortaya çıkan ve hızını asla kesmeden devam eden Türkoloji
çalışmaları ışığında net bir biçimde ortaya konulmaktadır. Kadim Türk medeniyetinin filizlendiği köklere bugün hiç olmadığımız kadar yakın durumdayız ve her geçen gün bilinmezliklerle dolu bu eşsiz mirasın bir parçası daha gün yüzüne çıkarılmakta. Eskiden yaşam tarzının, iklimin ve yer şekillerinin yarattığı doğal engellerle birbirinden uzaklaşan Türk soylu halklar, 19. yüzyıldan itibaren emperyalizm kıskacına alınarak sunî sınırlarla, işgallerle ve sürgünlerle biri biriden koparılmak istendi. Bu uğurda çok ağır bedeller ödetildi. Ancak 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren
Türk dünyasının bir uyanış, toparlanma ve silkelenme içinde olduğunu
memnuniyetle söyleyebiliriz. Bu süreçte her şeyden öte; zaman içinde farklı siyasi sınırların gerisine itilen, biri birilerine yabancılaştırılmak istenen, dilleri, tarihleri ve kültürleri alenen tahrif edilen Türk soylu toplulukların arasındaki gönül bağının güçlendirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla kültürel birlikteliğin önünü açacak bilimsel çalışmaların desteklenmesi ve kökleri maziden atiye doğru uzanan kadim Türk uygarlığının sınırlarının gün ışığına çıkarılması elzemdir. Okumakta olduğunuz bu çalışma; yukarıda ifade edilen gayeler doğrultusunda
son yıllarda ortaya konulan bilimsel çalışmaların bir araya getirilmesi ile tecessüm
etmiştir. Bu noktada Türk dünyasına ve kadim Türk kültürüne katkı yapan tüm bilim
insanlarına, sanatçılara, diplomatlara ve siyasetçilere teşekkürü bir borç biliriz

Executive Summary
• The period under review was dramatic for Russia on all fronts. The need to deal with the ongoing medical crisis and search for ways to combat the spread of the Covid-19 virus took place as political and social tensions have grown, reaching their peak in the waves of protest that accompanied the return of Alexei Navalny and his subsequent arrest. The multiple challenges in the interior have forced Vladimir Putin’s government to search for “creative way” to diminish the mounting social pressure so that it can strengthen its ability to govern.
• The emerging relations between Russia and the United States under Biden: antagonism is likely to increase, despite the extension of the START Treaty. This tension is liable to affect Israel’s freedom of maneuver between Russia and the West.
• Russia calls to return to the nuclear agreement with Iran (JCPoA) without any changes and to deal with the issues of missiles and Iranian regional influence outside the framework of the agreement. Moscow has signaled its concern about possible escalation between Israel and Iran in Syria. Russia and Iran will probably conclude new arms deals in the coming months.
• The Covid-19 vaccines have emerged as a new tool of Russia to exert its influence in foreign policy.
• The election results in Kazakhstan reflected the veteran elite’s continued control of power, and the suppression of the opposition. The election of Japarov as president of Kyrgyzstan was accompanied by changes in the constitution and the system of government. The rivalry between Russia and China for dominance in Central Asia could escalate still further if the Biden administration increases its political involvement in the region.

"" Central Asian Economies in Transition focuses on Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan) and their economic ties with Turkey. The book first summarizes the current state of Central Asian economies enhanced through statistics and details the economic and political challenges they face. The following parts cover the topics of economic integration and globalization, economic growth and development, international trade, and the energy sector. Central Asian Economies in Transition is based on selected papers from the series of International Conference on Eurasian Economies, investigating Central Asian countries in a comparative manner, as well as of specially invited articles by prominent academicians; all edited with coherence and exhaustiveness in mind. While some chapters are purely descriptive in nature, others include econometric analyses. The target audience for Central Asian Economies in Transition is anyone who is interested in Central Asian economies, their transition process towards a market economy regime and their integration to the global world. This includes academicians from any field of social sciences, as well as decision makers, politicians, businessmen and journalists. I believe that the reader will get a comprehensive picture of the Central Asian economies with specific details highlighted. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the editors for their painstaking efforts during the preparation of this book. Hardcover: 345 pages Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing (September 1, 2012) Language: English ISBN-10: 1443840351 ISBN-13: 978-1443840354 Product Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.9 x 1.2 inches""

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Central Asian Economies in Transition focuses on Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan) and their economic ties with Turkey. The book first summarizes the current state of Central Asian economies enhanced through statistics and details the economic and political challenges they face. The following parts cover the topics of economic integration and globalization, economic growth and development, international trade, and the energy sector. Central Asian Economies in Transition is based on selected papers from the series of International Conference on Eurasian Economies, investigating Central Asian countries in a comparative manner, as well as of specially invited articles by prominent academicians; all edited with coherence and exhaustiveness in mind. While some chapters are purely descriptive in nature, others include econometric analyses. The target audience for Central Asian Economies in Transition is anyone who is interested in Central Asian economies, their transition process towards a market economy regime and their integration to the global world. This includes academicians from any field of social sciences, as well as decision makers, politicians, businessmen and journalists. I believe that the reader will get a comprehensive picture of the Central Asian economies with specific details highlighted. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the editors for their painstaking efforts during the preparation of this book.
Hardcover: 345 pages
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing (September 1, 2012)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1443840351
ISBN-13: 978-1443840354
Product Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.9 x 1.2 inches"