Lagoon

The scenario tries to answer every question and topic related to the workshop. It is really from the interlacing of the answers that springs out our proposal.
Venice has never been modern in the meaning that Berman gives (All that is solid melts into air: the experience of modernity, 1982), even having lived a small and short industrial revolution, nor it is actually post-modern in the meaning of Harvey (The condition of postmodernity: an enquiry into the origins of cultural change, 1988).
Venice is only contemporary, because it belongs to the actual age more than anything else: at any given time in history it has always belonged indissolubly to its current age and not to one specific, finding in every time its role, its configuration, its space and reason of being. If we want to introduce the term "modern" for Venice, we must first give the word a specific meaning that is different from the one commonly used from the end of the XVII century to today, otherwise it is better to use "modern" with the meaning of "present" and "actual" or "current".
Venice will never be able to homologate itself to a certain kind of modernity lived by or proposed for other cities. If we want to talk about modernity, it cannot be exclusively in terms of implementing great engineering works.
Venice, the lagoon, the life that takes place in them, the urban and metropolitan organisation, the relation with water and nature, finally the concept of time bound to distances are realities different from those of any other contemporary city.
It is the evidence that we can live in another way, that a life exists without the car in which walking and sailing times determine the pace of every other activity.
Venice is an artificial city, bound to a constant ordinary and extraordinary maintenance done by man, immersed in the natural lagoon landscape, a mixture that produce beauty and a difficult, yet high quality life: these are the specific and peculiar characters of Venice that make the city so special and unclassifiable, that should make us reflect on the significance of modern and post-modern life in other realities, in other cities.

Arabia with the collaboration of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) as an environmentally sensitive area. This study is considered to be a baseline study for Ras Hatiba Lagoon. The lagoon is located at the eastern coast of the Red Sea. It is shallow with an average depth of 2m. Tidal force is dominating the water circulation in the lagoon.

As part of the lagoon barrier accretions plain characterizing the NW coast of the Peloponnese, the Kotychi Lagoon is believed to
have formed in the prograding delta of the Palaeo-Peneus River over 7000 years ago. Geochemical/sedimentological proxies-data
(XRF, grain size, OC-, IC-, C/N-analysis) combined with Bayesian age-depth-modeling revealed that from 8500 to 8000 cal BP
marine conditions were prevailing. Around 8000 cal BP, a short-lived sequence of coastline progradation and barrier accretion
created lagoonal conditions. Thus, the first chronological control for the onset of lagoon formation in coastal Elis is presented.
Pronounced lagoonal conditions developed approximately 6300 cal BP, simultaneously to the period of circum-Mediterranean
lagoon formation. A rapidly varying sedimentary record indicates a phase of geomorphological instability between 5200 and 3500
cal BP terminating with the erosional unconformity of a river channel. This evolution reflects a two-phase development: (1) Early
Holocene morphology was controlled by the postglacial sea level rise; (2) with receding of the ice sheets by mid-Holocene, the
preeminent role of the eustatic signal was overwhelmed giving local and regional processes, such as human-induced soil erosion
and climatic forcing an accentuated role. Thus, the evolution of the Elean coastline shows analogies to circum-Mediterranean
lagoon formation.

Abstract:
The road between Myra and Limyra (STR 59) was not built along the coast, but in the arduous Masikytos terrain, as the coast was marked by rugged cliffs. Another consideration for this choice of route was probably the important settlements on the Bonda massif. Consequently, in Antiquity goods would be shipped from Myra to Limyra by sea. A decree of the people of Myra from Roman imperial times mentions, in east–to–west sequence, three moorings for freight ships, lying within the territory of Myra: Daseia, Stoma tēs Limnes and Andriake. While Stoma has been firmly identified as the entry to the lagoon to the east of Myra and Andriake as the famous port to the south of it, the location and importance of Daseia within the topography of Lycia have to date remained obscure. In this article the author proposes that the meaning of the word Daseia be understood not from the vegetative, but from the geomorphological character of the tongue of land of Bonda, whose coastline shows very many twists and turns. In this sense, Daseia means, in Lycia’s toponymy, a coastal territory with numerous bays.

Keywords: Bonda; Daseia; Lagoon; Claudian road; smuggle; Myra; Limyra.

Özet
Stadiasmus Patarensis için Parerga (5): GZR 59 ve Daseia

Myra ile Limyra arasındaki Claudius devri Roma yolu olağanüstü kayalık ve girintili–çıkıntılı olan sahil boyunca değil, sarp yamaçlı Bonda Tepesi üzerinden geçirilerek inşa edilmiş ve böylece mesafe, çok meşakkatli bir tırmanışı gerektirmesi yanı sıra ancak 3.5 km kadar kısaltılmıştır. Bonda Tepesi güzergâhının (GZR 59: ἀπὸ Μύρων εἰ[ς Λί]μ[υρ]α δ[ι]ὰ το[ῦ] Μασικύτου σ[τά]δια . . ′) bu durumu nedeniyle, Myra ile Limyra arasında, özellikle yük taşımacılığında rahatlığı nedeniyle deniz yolu tercih edilmiştir. Claudius yolunun neden örneğin Yukarı Beymelek üzerinden hafif bir yokuşla Bonda Tepesi’ne bağlanmadığı, tam tersine Dalyan’ın giriş yeri noktasına kadar deniz seviyesinde getirilip, buradan 800 m yüksekliğe dik bir tırmanışla çıkarıldığı da anlam kazanmaktadır. Zira Myra ve çevresinden kara yoluyla buraya kadar gelen yolcular yükleriyle birlikte iki seçenek karşısında kalmaktaydılar: ya zahmetli bir tırmanışı göze alarak Bonda Tepesi’ni aşıp Limyra istikametinde yollarına kara yoluyla devam edecekler, ya da Dalyan girişinde bekleyen bir gemiye binip deniz yoluyla aynı istikamete seyahat edeceklerdi. Roma İmparatorluk Çağına ait bir halk meclisi kararında doğuya (Limyra’ya) yapılacak yük ve insan taşımacılığı için üç liman ismi verilmektedir. Bunlardan en doğudaki Daseia, ortadaki Stoma tēs Limnēs (Dalyan’ın girişi) ve Andriake (ἀπὸ τῆς Δασ[εί]ας, ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος τῆς λίμνης ve ἀπὸ Ἀνδριακῆς) olup, bu mevkilerdeki iskelelerden Limyra’ya yapılacak izinsiz taşımacılık yapanlara ceza uygulamalarını öngörmektedir. Bu üç limandan Daseia’nın ne yeri ve ne de topografide taşıdığı anlamı açıklanabilmiştir. Sözlük anlamında ya bir sıklığı, yoğunluğu ya da düz olmayan, pürüzlü durumları ifade eden sözcük, toponym olarak kullanıldığında genellikle sık ağaçlık yerler için kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu durum, Bonda Burnunun bitki örtüsüne uygun bir durumu kesinlikle yansıtmamaktadır. Zira olağanüstü kayalık ve taşlık olan arazi sık bir bitki örtüsünün, bugün olduğu gibi antik çağda da, oluşmasına engel olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle sözcüğün bu coğrafyada diğer anlamda, yani pürüzlü, engebeli, girintili çıkıntılı, eğri–büğrü bir arazi yapısını göstermek için kullanılmış olması daha olasıdır. Zira Dalyan ile Finike’nin az güneyindeki Gök Liman arasındaki tamamen kayalık sahil şeridi olağanüstü girintili ve çıkıntılı bir yapıya sahip olup, birçok iskelenin kurulmasına elverişli koylara da sahiptir. Kıyı şeridinin ve kuzeyinde yükselen Bonda Tepesi’nin bu özelliği bugün olduğu gibi antik çağda da insan yerleşimini engellemiştir. Tamamen ıssız ve hiç bir yol bağlantısının bulunmadığı bu sahil boyunca büyük bir olasılıkla tekneler aracılığıya kaçakcılık ve kaçak taşımacılık, Myra şehir meclisinin müdahalesine yol açacak kadar ilerlemiş ve sorun haline gelmiştir.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Bonda; Daseia; Dalyan; Claudius yolu; kaçakçılık; Myra; Limyra.

The objective of this research was to investigate, by means of direct
knowledge and analysis of historical sources, the running and mechanisms,
including hydraulic, of the windmill on the Orbetello lagoon. Currently, evidence
indicates that this particular architectural heritage was just one of nine historic mills
that no longer perform their original function. Also, the conformation and characteristics
of the lagoon are no longer the same as those of the period in which the
mills arose.

International audienceThe site of la Motte 1 (Agde, Hérault), submerged in the minor bed of the Hérault River, is known for the discovery of rich female personal ornaments dated to the 8th century BC, associated with the remains of a settlement. We present here an overview of the results from recent excavations carried out at this site between 2011 and 2018. The issues related to the structuration of the site, to its duration and to its economy are addressed more particularly with the aim of giving thought to its place in the Late Bronze Age occupation of the lower Hérault valley.Core sampling carried out on each bank of the river has revealed the presence of an open lagoon from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. During its occupation the la Motte site was located on the edge of the lagoon and near to the mouth of the Hérault River. It is characterised by nearly 500 wooden piles divided into two main groups located on shoals, connected with numerous basalt blocks that may have contrib...

"The scenario tries to answer every question and topic related to the workshop. It is really from the interlacing of the answers that springs out our proposal. Venice has never been modern in the meaning that Berman gives (All that is solid melts into air: the experience of modernity, 1982), even having lived a small and short industrial revolution, nor it is actually post-modern in the meaning of Harvey (The condition of postmodernity: an enquiry into the origins of cultural change, 1988). Venice is only contemporary, because it belongs to the actual age more than anything else: at any given time in history it has always belonged indissolubly to its current age and not to one specific, finding in every time its role, its configuration, its space and reason of being. If we want to introduce the term "modern" for Venice, we must first give the word a specific meaning that is different from the one commonly used from the end of the XVII century to today, otherwise it is better to use "modern" with the meaning of "present&amp...

Este artículo se enmarca dentro de la literatura de las ciencias ambientales, el desarrollo sostenible y la conservación de los ecosistemas. Destaca la presencia de las reservas naturales y su biodiversidad en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, especialmente de la laguna de Papallacta. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar aquellas interrelaciones naturaleza-sociedad y los impactos de las actividades económicas, sociales y ambientales que han generado cambios en el ecosistema ecológico y social, como en los servicios ecosistémicos de Papallacta. En primer lugar, mediante un análisis integral se caracteriza a Papallacta como un ecosistema social y ecológico, teniendo en cuenta el marco teórico conceptual desde la economía y sus cambios de paradigma ambiental-ecológico, evidenciando una interdependencia mutua entre naturaleza y sociedad que genera interrelaciones entre actividades antrópicas y el medio ambiente. En segundo lugar, al repensar en Papallacta como un sistema ecológico y socia...