Late Period

J. Pope, "The Historicity of Pediese, Son of Ankhsheshonq," Revue d'Égyptologie 66 (2015), 199-225 and pls. XVIII-XXV. Nous publions ici la statue Stockholm NME 81 qui appartenait à un homme nommé Padiaset, fils d'Ânkhchechonq, prêtre de Sobek, d'Anubis et d'Hathor, Chef des prêtres d'Hérichef et Grand de Netjeret. L'inscription de cette statue a souvent été commentée en lien avec le papyrus Rylands IX, mais son interprétation reposait sur une traduction préliminaire sans examen de la statue. Le présent article propose une nouvelle traduction, accompagnée de photographies et d'un apparat critique, et une datation sur la base de l'analyse stylistique de la statue. À la lumière de ces nouveaux éléments, nous sommes amenés à réévaluer la pertinence du lien avec le papyrus mentionnée ci-dessus.

Publication of Stockholm statue NME 81. It belonged to a man named Pediese, son of Ankhsheshonq, who was a Priest of Sobek, Anubis, and Hathor, an Overseer of the Priests of Heryshef, and a Grandee in Netjeret. The statue has frequently been discussed in relation to Papyrus Rylands IX, but these interpretations have relied upon a preliminary translation without photographs or stylistic analysis. A new translation is presented here with photographs and full annotation, and the date of the inscription is evaluated through stylistic analysis of the statue. In light of these new elements, the statue's relevance to Papyrus Rylands IX is reassessed.

Publication of the stela of Seshen-Nefertem, dated to the end of XXX dynasty or to the beginning of the Ptolemaic Period. The stele, found in the tomb of Sheshonq (Dyn. XXVI), high steward of the god's wife, in the Asasif (TT 27), bears many titles, some of them with particular writings. The name of the owner seems to be unattested.

The article features the results of a study of the late period of the Ananyino cultural and historical region (ACHR), outlines the range of monuments dating back to this historical period, and substantiates their chronological sequence. On the basis of radiocarbon analysis results, chronological indicators and ceramic complexes the researchers determined the boundaries of the late ACHR period as the late 5th-3rd/2nd centuries B.C. Imported items which the chronology is largely based upon, were brought to the territory of the ACHR from the Middle Don region, the Southern Urals, the Volga region and Western Siberia. The presence of identical adornments in various regions of the Ananyino world, which were crafted in the animal style, as well as armament and goods imported from the same territories, testifies to the existence of internal relations between the cultures and regions of the late ACHR period and the preservation of a single cultural space until the period when the ACHR ceased to exist.

Presentamos los primeros resultados sobre la naturaleza de los pigmentos utilizados en la decoración de las diferentes manifestaciones cerámicas de la Tambería de Guandacol, oeste de la Provincia de La Rioja. La muestra analizada, mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido y Espectrometría de Energía Dispersiva (MEB-EDS), abarca fragmentos correspondientes a los Estilos Tecnológicos Sanagasta/Angualasto, Inca Provincial, Diaguita Chileno Inca y Aguada; evidencia material asociada fundamentalmente al Periodo de Desarrollos Regionales (ca. 1200-1470 AD) y al de
Dominio Incaico regional (ca. 1470-1533 AD). Los datos obtenidos permiten inferir la existencia de precursores inorgánicos para la confección de pinturas y engobes en los diferentes estilos. Asimismo, se indaga en los procedimientos tecnológicos seguidos durante la etapa de cocción cerámica.

This paper highlights several issues regarding the Kushite presence in Twenty-fifth Dynasty Thebes. The Nubian influence in the iconography of the chapel of Osiris Heqa-Djet is discussed, as well as problems related to the identification of Kushites in the Theban necropolis, with the possible hints pointing to the Kushite connections of the deceased individuals previously identified as Egyptians.

More than 30 years after of the publication of Le Geste et la Parole, Leroi-Gourhan´s theoretical and methodological approach still continues enriching the debate on technological studies in archaeology, especially related to the chaîne opératoire concept, a well organized syntax of actions, gestures, tools, and technical knowledge applied to the physical transformation of matter in a socially embedded final product. Concepts like chaîne opératoire, technical gestures, and technical facts have been explored and applied mainly in lithic studies, emphasizing different aspects of the operational sequence. In this paper, we present a case study involving the research of the main ceramic primary and secondary forming techniques involved in the shape of archaeological vessels from the Late Period (c. AD 900 – AD 1450) at Northwestern Argentine region through the conceptual framework of chaîne opératoire developed by Leroi-Gourhan. The operational sequence and technical gestures developed by ancient potters are explored in detail to give a special emphasis on those features which are intrinsical to a socially defined pottery tradition in the geographical region under research.

A small group of portable cult objects, furniture and minor architectural models and fragments were found in Naukratis, most of them from Greek and possibly Egyptian sanctuaries as well as Egyptian houses. They are treated in four separate sections: altars; house models; sundials; and architectural fragments. Portable altars like incense burners were used for burning offerings to the gods; their iconography and types belong to Egyptian, Greek and Phoenician/Punic cultures. House models, used as lamp shrines or to burn offerings, reproduce typical Egyptian tower house and temple architecture. Sundials were dedicated in the Apollo sanctuary. Most architectural fragments probably came from Greek sanctuaries, although some may have belonged to private residences.

This paper is a revised version of a study of three Akhmimic coffins belonging to the Buffalo Museum of Science. The original study was performed in 1996 and is on file at the Museum. The coffins in question are BMS 654.137, a yellow-on-black Ptolemaic coffin belonging to the stolist Neshor, son of Tutu; BMS 654.138, a coffin of the 4th century BCE belonging to the stolist Nesmin, son of Irethorrou, and BMS 654.139, a coffin of the mid-8th century BCE,  belonging to the chief singer of Min, Djedhorefankh, son of Nespakashuty.

Part 2: Intro (pp i -x) and Chapter 2–BMS 654.138 (pp. 49-77) with genealogical diagram and coffin photos.

Minor correction "Nesmin" made on column 4, page 65 on August 10, 2023.

Im Frühjahr 1969 wurde bei Ausgrabungen der Universität Bonn unter Leitung von Elmar Edel auf der Qubbet el-Hawa ein außergewöhnliches Depot mit Materialien einer antiken Gusswerkstatt gefunden. Im Zuge der Fundteilung gelangten die meisten Stücke des Konvolutes in das Ägyptische Museum der Universität Bonn und werden dort aufbewahrt.

Die Deponierung des für die Forschung zur antiken Metallurgie bisher einzigartigen Konvoluts geschah im Zuge der Nachnutzung von Grabanlagen aus dem Alten Reich (um 2100 v. u. Z.) in der ägyptischen Spätzeit (um 550 – 400 v. u. Z.). Das Depot enthält Objekte, die alle Fertigungsstufen von Metallgegenständen im Wachsausschmelzverfahren dokumentieren. Es wurden Stücke von Rohwachs sowie Wachsmodelle und die zu deren Herstellung genutzten Negativformen gefunden. Weiterhin enthielt es vollständige Gussformen, die in einem aufwendigen Mehrschalenverfahren hergestellt wurden und teilweise bereits für den Guss ausgebrannt worden sind. Schließlich zählen einige Metallfiguren sowie weitere figürliche Objekte zum Konvolut, die alle in den Bereich einer kunsthandwerklichen Werkstatt deuten. Eine Besonderheit stellen zudem Gussformen dar, in denen Fragmente von Metallfiguren zur Reparatur im Überfangguss vorbereitet waren.

Das Depot wurde in der Gesamtpublikation der Bonner Grabungen bisher nur summarisch vorgestellt. 2014/15 initiierten die Abteilung Ägyptologie der Universität Bonn und das LVR-LandesMuseum Bonn unter Ludwig D. Morenz und Michael Schmauder ein gemeinsames und von der Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung gefördertes Forschungsprojekt, das von Martin Fitzenreiter, Johannes Auenmüller und Frank Willer geleitet wurde. In Kooperation mit Dietmar Meinel (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Berlin / BAM, Fachbereich 8.5 Mikro-ZfP), Roland Schwab (Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie gGmbH, Mannheim), Gerwulf Schneider (FU Berlin, Exzellenzcluster TOPOI), Ursula Baumer und Patrick Dietemann (beide Doerner-Institut / München), Thorsten Geisler-Wierwille (Steinmann Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie der Universität Bonn) sowie Ursula Tegtmeier (Labor für Archäobotanik der Universität Köln) wurden die Objekte des Konvolutes eingehend und mit zeitgemäßen Verfahren untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieses Forschungsprojekts werden in dieser Publikation vorgelegt.

This work presents the historic phenomenon of the employment of Greek and Carian mercenaries in Egypt under the Saite Dynasty, from a perspective unifying the Egyptian and Oriental sources and the Greek ones, since until now this topic has been studied hellenocentricly. Firstly, we analyse the available sources, specially the not-literary sources’ importance (Epigraphy, Archaeology, etc.), traditionally taken aside for this topic (because the Greek character of the literary sources). After that, we study mercenary’s status and character in the two worlds (Egyptian and Greek), and we make a little sketch about the statu quo before the arrival of the Greek mercenaries. To conclude, we propose a diachronic reconstruction of such historic process, after the reigns of the Egyptian kings, the economic aspects and some general conclusions.

Nel V secolo a.C., Erodoto menzionava nelle sue Storie l’esistenza a Menfi del famoso Τυρίων στρατόπεδον, un quartiere abitato da genti originarie della città di Tiro, in cui sorgeva un tempio dedicato ad Afrodite straniera. Nonostante la notizia riportata dallo storico greco non sia ad oggi confermata da prove archeologiche, la comparsa di comunità fenicie in Egitto è documentata da una serie di testimonianze che costituiscono un variegato corpus documentario. Il materiale epigrafico a disposizione, per quanto poco numeroso, sembra offrire interessanti spunti di riflessione sulla religione praticata dai Fenici stanziatisi nella valle del Nilo durante il I millennio a.C. Basandosi su un’analisi combinata dei dati derivati dallo studio dell’onomastica e dei documenti a disposizione, il presente contributo cercherà di delineare un quadro di sintesi dei culti religiosi e delle divinità adorate dalle comunità fenicie in territorio egiziano, rilevando anche eventuali pratiche di affermazione identitaria.

Après la guerre civile qui a précipité la fin du Nouvel Empire, la Troisième Période intermédiaire (XXIe-XXIVe dynasties) est marquée par une crise économique, politique et morale. Deux pôles politiques, économiques et religieux émergent alors, l’un dans le Delta oriental, où sont installés les rois des XXIe puis XXIIe dynasties, et l’autre en Haute Égypte, à Thèbes, fief du grand prêtre d’Amon. Cette division politique engendre des tensions entre Haute et Basse Égypte, qui se manifestent par l’intervention régulière des dirigeants politiques sur la zone frontière de Moyenne Égypte et par l’essor de ses deux principales villes, Héracléopolis et Hermopolis, qui finissent par être chacune la capitale d’un roi local.
Cet ouvrage, qui s’adresse tant aux spécialistes de la Troisième Période intermédiaire qu’aux étudiants et aux amateurs éclairés, étudie la place et le rôle de cette zone frontière dans l’histoire mouvementée du début du Ier millénaire avant notre ère, entre la chute des Ramsès et la conquête de l’Égypte par les rois kouchites de la XXVe dynastie.
La première partie propose un catalogue où sont rassemblés, étudiés et traduits des monuments (royaux et privés) provenant de Moyenne Égypte ou éclairant l’histoire de la région. L’analyse de ces monuments permet une synthèse historique qui met en lumière la place de la Moyenne Égypte dans l’histoire événementielle et politique de la Troisième Période intermédiaire ainsi que l’importance d’Héracléopolis et d’Hermopolis. Une large place est accordée à l’étude des élites locales, chefs militaires et représentants des clergés, à celle de leurs rapports avec les dirigeants politiques de Haute et de Basse Égypte et à celle des nombreux établissements militaires de la région.

"Global Egyptology: Negotiations in the Production of Knowledges on Ancient Egypt in Global Contexts" brings together contributions by young Egyptologists from all over the world. The volume overall stresses the interconnection of Egyptology and global political developments, past and present, and highlights the role of multidisciplinary ventures in developing new interpretations. In three parts, the contributions engage with issues of theory and methodology in Egyptology, political and social history of Pharaonic Egypt, late pharaonic and Graeco-Roman ideology and interconnections, as well as national implementations of Egyptology. To understand Egyptology as a global field of engagement, ancient Egypt and its scientific investigation are seen in global contexts. Histories of research on Egypt in global South countries are introduced in the process, challenging the traditional European framework of the field as the model of choice for the future of Egyptology.

An unparalleled group of casting moulds is housed at the Egyptian Museum of Bonn University (Germany). They were discovered in 1969 by Bonn Egyptologists under Elmar Edel in rock-cut tomb Qubbet el-Hawa (QH) 207. This tomb, dating back to the end of the Old Kingdom, was reused by members of the local Elephantine priesthood in the Late Period. The casting workshop materials were found in the context of the youngest Late Period burial. Their specific location has, however, not been recorded in detail. Nevertheless, they enable both Egyptologists and natural scientists to fully study the technology of solid bronze casting of the Late Period for the first time, using a wide range of modern meth- ods of analysis. The artefacts portray the entire casting procedure, starting with the preparation of wax models to the finished god’s bronze. In particular, they shed new light on the technology as well as the material composition of the casting moulds, which were virtually unknown up to now. The paper highlights the potential of these modern scientific approaches and the significance of this artefact group for the understanding of ancient Egyptian casting technology.

In the 2013/2014 season, a Polish team from the University of Wrocław started work in the northern part of the Asasif necropolis, near the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. An archaeological survey was carried out on the Asasif slope. Cleaning work and documentation were undertaken of the architecture of four private tombs: MMA 509/TT 312, MMA 512, MMA 513/TT 314 and MMA 514, as well as the archaeological finds thereof. The rock-cut tombs belong to a Middle Kingdom necropolis and were all reused in later times, especially in the Third Intermediate Period and Late Period.

This paper focuses on a little-known Late Period/Ptolemaic necropolis located at Tell el-Moqdam, which was previously thought to have been excavated by Auguste Mariette in 1860. It takes into consideration its sacred location, form and the probable circumstances of its discovery, which are supported by new information obtained from hitherto unpublished documents. The research published in this paper will also shed some light on the sacred landscape of this poorly-known archaeological site.

El desarrollo de las tecnologías informáticas empleadas en la Arqueología ha recibido un gran impulso en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de la actual comunicación es presentar una experimentación computarizada de reconstrucción 3D y cálculo volumétrico sobre cerámica perteneciente al sitio arqueológico Tambería de Guandacol, asociado al periodo de los Desarrollos Regionales (circa 1000-1470 AD) y cuya manifestación ceramológica en la región se conoce como “Aimogasta”, “Sanagasta” o “Angualasto”. Asimismo, se discuten los alcances y limitaciones que ofrecen estas tecnologías como alternativa para el trabajo con conjuntos fragmentarios que buscan acercarse a las formas cerámicas originales de manera práctica, con potencial de visualización y difusión, y que contribuyen a la revalorización patrimonial.

ABSTRACT: This video contains a re-enactment of various events recorded at Teudjoi (el-Hibeh) in Middle Egypt in the mid-7th century BCE (temp. Dynasties 22-23), including the initial suppression of corrupt priests of Amun in this town by Petiese, at the beginning of the reign of King Psammetichus I (Dynasty 26), the later revenge of these priests upon Petiese’s family during his later absence, and the partial resolution of this situation.  In essence, it emphasizes the internal strife at the beginning of the establishment of the 26th Dynasty (Saite period), and reveals another aspect of life in the provinces, far from the political and religious capitals.  This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, TLC: Ancient Egyptians: Priests of Amun / Murder in the Temple(shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndlUzXzbBwY [50 minutes]).  These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary.  In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials; re-enactments), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. UPDATE: Adding in a section with links to the translations (including in English), plus discussions, of the petition of Petiese / Pediese.

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis petrográfico de secciones delgadas de alfarería del estilo Sanagasta/Angualasto del sitio Tambería de Guandacol, ubicado al oeste de la Provincia de La Rioja, y cronológicamente asociado al periodo Tardío (ca. siglos XIII-XVII DC). Sobre la base de estudios previos, se procura avanzar en aspectos composicionales de pastas cerámicas y su relación con la geología local, y en el reconocimiento de elecciones tecnológicas dentro de las prácticas de manufactura desplegadas por los ceramistas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar una correspondencia positiva entre las materias primas utilizadas por los alfareros con la geología regional, y una relativa homogeneidad tecnológica en los conjuntos cerámicos que se interpretan como la existencia de una tradición de manufactura arraigada durante un largo periodo de tiempo, configurada por pautas de instrucción habituales, la circulación de bienes y el mantenimiento de vínculos regionales. Asimismo, se identificaron particularidades tecnológicas que se entienden como elecciones diferenciadas seguidas por los ceramistas dentro de un sistema productivo con múltiples agentes y centros de manufactura en el área