Micmac

This chapter explores the nature of knowledge of the past by examining the question of what and is not considered “evidence.” from the perspective of archaeological and Indigenous ways of knowing. We present a series of examples that range from congruence to contradiction and rejection of either archaeological data or oral histories as evidence? We argue that the tension that exists at the intersection of different ways of knowing provides an opportunity to evaluate archaeologically derived evidence, and to strengthen archaeological inferences, while also generating new questions that can inform our understanding of both past lifeways and contemporary heritage concerns.

Caraquet est l'un des toponymes les plus mystérieux du Nord-est. Alors que plusieurs peuvent être facilement expliqués par une étymologie micmaque, comme Miscou et Tracadie, que d'autres sont associés à des personnages historiques, comme Paquetville ou Bathurst, et que d'autres encore sont purement descriptifs, comme Petit-Rocher ou Grande-Anse, aucune explication du toponyme de Caraquet ne permet de retracer avec certitude son origine et sa signification. Dans cet article, je vais énumérer les principales hypothèses ayant été énoncées quant à son origine et tenter de les confronter aux cartes et documents anciens. Mon hypothèse est que la croyance en l'origine par le mot français caraque est très ancrée et peut-être bien réelle mais qu'un ensemble de variations de prononciations, issues de l'origine diverse des premiers habitants et explorateurs, expliquent l'orthographe et la prononciation actuelle.

Note : Ceci est une version sauvegardée, qui peut différencier légèrement de la version publiée.

Mobile learning abbreviated as m-learning is a fascinating field with extensive applications in all walks of life, related to mobile technology and wireless engineering. The first evolution was distant learning, then through electronic learning (e-learning) a new technology evolved, termed as m- learning. It is accomplished through mobile handheld devices, mobile networks, and internet connectivity. The charm of this method is that learners will be able to access the system at any convenient time, at some suitable place, with the contents suiting their taste. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the inferred interactions among the inhibitors of m-learning as an application of the online teaching-learning process, under this Covid-19 pandemic. The majority of the countries worldwide still depend on 4G networks as the backbone providing internet facilities for learners and teachers. This study concentrates on analyzing a group of inhibitors of mobile devices, mobile networks, and its user perspective, with Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and its extended form of MICMAC methodology.

Si la ciudadanía se involucra en la decisión de los temas de políticas culturales y se discuten dichos temas escuchando posturas y experiencias, pueden generarse y fortalecerse lazos del tejido social. Utilizando el método estructural y la Matriz de Impactos  Cruzados  y  Multiplicación  Aplicada  para  la  Clasificación  (MICMAC)  con  una  pregunta  generadora,  se  logró  construir  variables  que,  a  juicio  de  los  participantes,    desarrollaran    culturalmente    al    municipio    de    Querétaro.    Se identificaron variables  y  se  agruparon  hasta  lograr  formar  categorías.  Éstas  se cuantificaron con  la  MICMAC  hasta  obtener  las  “categorías  objetivo”  con  sus probabilidades  de  ocurrencia.  En  el  caso  de  este  trabajo,  los  pronósticos  no  resultaron  del  todo  favorables  para  el  logro  de  un escenario  deseado,  pero  sí  ayudan  a  encausar  esfuerzos  para  desarrollar  los  objetivos,  las  metas  y  las  acciones,  pues  en  general  la  baja probabilidad  de  que  se  presente  el  escenario deseado, ayuda a identificar la percepción que tiene la gente de la administración entrante.  Así  mismo  muestra  que  la  gente  está  dispuesta  a  colaborar  con  su  tiempo  y  con  su  conocimiento  para  generar  una  propuesta ciudadana  de indicadores  de  desarrollo  municipales.  La  participación  ciudadana  fue  en  éste  sentido,  claramente  centrada  en  el  largo  plazo,  a  diferencia  de  muchas  acciones  cortoplacistas  de  las  autoridades,  dejando  de  manifiesto  que  esos  “remedios”  no unifican  a  la  sociedad  y  sí  generan  descontento.  El  método  Estructural  ayuda  a  establecer  lazos  para  cumplir  los  objetivos,  entendiendo  las  distintas  posturas  e  intereses en la performatividad en la cultura.

Archaeology has always been primarily about material culture and what it means in regards to human behavior. The focus of this paper, however, concerns not the results of archeological research, which has been very much the theme of the Debert workshop, but rather the process of archeology, including the ways that we think about it and engage in it, and also the implications that our explorations of the past have for the present.

Today, the tourism industry goes beyond an industry, as a dynamic global and social phenomenon that has its own complexity and the exact recognition and scientific analysis of this phenomenon can provide a safe framework for the planning of the tourism industry. Tourism is considered as the greatest social mobility with cultural, economic and spatial multiple effects which always needs to be effective in its current and future development. In this regard, planning for the development of tourism is dependent on the various factors and conditions that can be achieved if they are systematically and structurally applied. This topic indicates the importance of future research and tries to formulate the future need prospects in the development of tourism. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to identify and analyze the key factors of tourism development. In this study, the first 36 factors in five different areas of socio-cultural, economic, management and planning, infrastructure-services and extracted natural factors were obtained through environmental and Delphi scanning techniques and then, using the Delphi method of administrators. The matrix of cross-component effects of the components has been formed. For the next step, the Micmac software is applied in matrix analysis. The results of the dispersion of variables in the scales of influence and dependent of factors in the Mick-Mac software indicate the system's instability in the tourism of case study and on that basis, five categories of variables were identified. Finally, considering the high point of direct and indirect effects of factors, thirteen major factors were identified as key factors in the development of tourism in the cities of Mazandaran province. Among these key factors of case study the variables of the infrastructure and services sector had the highest impact on tourism development of case study, while the natural factors had the least impact degree.

Extended Abstract

1-Introduction

Undoubtedly, tourism is an organized form of human activity in production, consumption which has been an incredible and global attempt. Tourism with promise of employment is one of the most attractive development strategies that can play an important role in the broader concept of development, namely, competitiveness in cities. Competitiveness in any field is not possible without achieving sustained planning and based on the design of the key factors with future research approach. The awareness and understanding of effective issues and factors on development, along with the using of management approaches of future research and the design of key factors, are an effective feature of this approach. Therefore, the necessity of using this approach in the case study was proposed until with this way, key factors of tourism development would be identified.

2-Materials and Methods

The present research is an applied one in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in term of its method. Environmental and Delphi scanning techniques are used to identify variables and indicators. In this regard, in the first stage, online articles and a review of published articles in the effective factors on tourism development were used to collect variables. Then semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among professional experts in the field of tourism who were asked to score in the framework of the matrix of cross-effects of variables, based on the influence and dependent with numbers in the range of 0 to 3 points. In this research, a purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants consciously. The statistical population of this research is 50 experts in the field of tourism including the experts from the municipalities of the studied cities, the Tourism and Heritage Organization, and some university professors in the case Study. Validity of the questionnaire was reviewed and verified by the experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was also used by Cronbach's alpha.

3-Results and Discussion

Tourism is a multi-species activity and dependent from large number of factors and influent on many phenomena. On the other hand, the necessity of tourism infrastructure in tourist cities and the uncertainty caused by environmental complexities make it difficult to plan and forecast the future in these cities. So that traditional programming can no longer respond to them, and the need for a new approach, such as a future research approach, has been raised predicting the future and explaining the solutions which can provide access to favorable conditions. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to identify the key proponents of tourism development in Mazandaran province by combining the tourism system attitude with the future research approach.  The status of the dispersion page of the affect variables on the development of tourism in the cities of Mazandaran province is the unstable situation of the system. Regarding the system instability, five variables including determinants or influential variables, two-way variables, regulatory variables, dependent variables or outcome, independent variables were identified in this system. Finally, after conducting different analysis of direct and indirect dependent and influence, 36 factors were ranked and finally 13 factors were selected as the key factors of tourism development in Mazandaran province.

4-Conclusion

This research is based on a new approach to plan (Future Research) with the aim of identifying key factors for the future development of tourism in the cities of Mazandaran, 36 primary factors include socio-cultural factors, economic factors, planning and management factors, infrastructure and service factors, and natural factors were extracted. Then, using the structural analysis in the Micmac software, these factors were measured. Based on the results obtained from structural analysis in the graph, the dependent and influence of the variables in case study show that the factors of the service and infrastructure sector with the total score of 502, the most influential and social and cultural factors with a score of 192, have the least influential on the future of tourism development in the cities of Mazandaran province. Finally, 13 key factors as the most influential factors on the tourism future of Mazandaran province were selected as key factors: Welfare services, urban green space, expansion of tourism-related spaces, competitiveness, regional transportation network, tourism tours, climatic conditions, private sector investment, urban transport network, security, Infrastructure, distribution of facilities. These factors are the most important factors influencing on tourism development in the case study. Finally, based on the results of structural analysis in Micmac software, among the five areas of the case study, the service and infrastructure sector factors were identified as the most influential factors on the system. However, it should be noted that selection is not enough and there should be an accurate and coherent planning about these key factor, so that, with the use of existing potentials and capacities, sustainable development of tourism in these cities is possible.

The main purpose of this paper is to comprehend the contextual relation among the different quality
enabled factors (QEFs) of inventory control system stage of production system life cycle. Interpretative
structural modelling (ISM) approach is utilized to cultivate the relationship among the identified QEFs of
inventory control system stage. Afterwards, MICMAC (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to
classification) analysis has been applied in order to identify and classify the imperative QEFs and
disclose the direct and indirect effects of each QEF on the inventory control system stage of production
system life cycle.

La Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) est un ensemble de techniques qui permet de visualiser les interactions d’un objet avec la lumiere. En jouant sur l’angle d’incidence de la lumiere interpole par l’algorithme on peut, ainsi, mettre en evidence les micro-reliefs presents a la surface de l’objet. Elle suscite donc un vif interet dans la communaute archeologique, plus particulierement celles des epigraphistes, des numismates et des specialistes de l’art parietal. L’acquisition des photographies necessaires pour cette technique doit se faire selon un protocole strict : - l’objet doit rester fixe par rapport a l’appareil photographique durant toute l’acquisition, - une sphere de reference doit etre placee sur le meme plan que l’objet, - la source de lumiere doit etre d’intensite constante, - et placee a une distance fixe, comprise entre deux a quatre fois la diagonale de l’objet. La sphere de reference permet a l’algorithme de determiner l’angle d’incidence du faisceau lumineux...

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption provides an opportunity for high technology based value added processes and requires an infrastructural transformation and more qualified employee involvement. I4.0 literature contains researches presenting an awareness, guidance and complementary activities for I4.0 concept. However, there is no detailed study focusing on the challenges and implementation problems in I4.0 adoption. Hence, the purpose of this study is determining the I4.0 adoption challenges, and analysing these barriers based on the expert opinions. The methodology within the scope of this study contains literature review, interviews with e xperts who are responsible for the I4.0 projects at Bosch, analysing the determined barriers by ISM (Interpretive Structural Modelling) and MICMAC analysis. The barriers are investigated in a structural base, the relationships between these challenges have been identified, and finally how barriers affect each other have been presented in order to discover the root cause triggering the other factors. An I4.0 practitioner can infer from these two analysis results that which challenge should be focused first in order to reach a solution. Additionally, ISM case study results provides a general view to the I4.0 adoption process. A practitioner can also decide on what to do first by criticizing the results so that they can reduce the negative effects of the adoption process.

The main purpose of this paper is to comprehend the contextual relation among the different quality
enabled factors (QEFs) of inventory control system stage of production system life cycle. Interpretative
structural modelling (ISM) approach is utilized to cultivate the relationship among the identified QEFs of
inventory control system stage. Afterwards, MICMAC (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to
classification) analysis has been applied in order to identify and classify the imperative QEFs and
disclose the direct and indirect effects of each QEF on the inventory control system stage of production
system life cycle.

Depuis une décennie, la pêche commerciale joue un rôle fondamental dans le développement économique et social et l’affirmation de l’autonomie des nations autochtones établies sur les rives de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent. Depuis toujours, les peuples autochtones pratiquent la pêche tant en eaux douces qu’en milieu marin, mais l’importance de cette activité dans l’économie et la vie quotidienne des nations et des communautés autochtones du Québec est demeurée jusqu’à présent largement méconnue.

En faisant connaître la situation des nations innues, malécites et micmaques des zones côtières du Québec actuel, leurs urgents besoins de développement et les efforts qu’elles déploient pour y arriver, entre autres par la pêche commerciale, ce livre veut contribuer à les aider dans leur prise en charge.

La mondialisation et la reconnaissance de l’autonomie des peuples autochtones du Québec et du Canada à travers l’activité de la pêche sont les enjeux qui sous-tendent les contributions des auteurs de cet ouvrage.