Nowadays the quality of the indoor coverage on trains is not enough to offer broadband services, mainly due to two factors: the high penetration losses caused by Faraday cage characteristics of the railcars and the high speeds reached. In... more
Nowadays the quality of the indoor coverage on trains is not enough to offer broadband services, mainly due to two factors: the high penetration losses caused by Faraday cage characteristics of the railcars and the high speeds reached. In this paper we aim to enhance the 3G indoor coverage on trains by setting up femtocells inside the railcars and establishing several wireless interfaces along the roof of the train. We design an architecture to connect the train to the fixed network in a transparent manner, so that the end users do not experience service disruptions during the journey. Finally, we deploy a testbed to evaluate the performance of the mobility management system based on test results.
When mobile End Users are offloaded from a Radio Access Network (RAN) to a WLAN, current I-WLAN [1] offloaded architectures consider traffic converging to a common Security Gateway. In this paper, we propose an alternative End-to-End... more
When mobile End Users are offloaded from a
Radio Access Network (RAN) to a WLAN, current I-WLAN [1]
offloaded architectures consider traffic converging to a common
Security Gateway. In this paper, we propose an alternative
End-to-End security (E2E) architecture based on the MOBIKEX
[2] protocol, which extends the MOBIKE [3] Mobility and
Multihoming features to Multiple Interfaces and to the Transport
mode of IPsec. The benefits of this E2E architecture are mostly
load reduction and a better End User experience. First, E2E
offloads the ISP CORE and backhaul networks, then E2E uses
IPsec Transport mode instead of Tunnel mode, which removes
networking and security overhead. This reduces CPU load by
20%, enhances Mobility and Multihoming operations by about
15%, and makes the system 2.9 times more reactive for detecting
modifications of interfaces.
To face the huge demand on mobile traffic, ISPs are looking to offload traffic of their Radio Access Network to WLAN. Currently I-WLAN is the proposed offload architecture by 3GPP which tunnels the traffic to a Security Gateway. This... more
To face the huge demand on mobile traffic, ISPs
are looking to offload traffic of their Radio Access Network to
WLAN. Currently I-WLAN is the proposed offload architecture
by 3GPP which tunnels the traffic to a Security Gateway. This
paper proposes for ISPs an ISP Offload Infrastructure which
minimizes the infrastructure cost deployment, and which can
be deployed in a very short term. The ISP Offload Infrastructure
classifies the EU traffic into 3 distinct classes and assigns each
class a specific and adapted offload architecture: ForWarD Architecture
(FWDA), Offload Service Architecture (OSA) and Offload
Access Architecture (OAA). This paper shows how to deploy
each Offload Architecture by using SCTP in conjunction to
MOBIKE(-X) or only MOBIKE(-X). Then we measure how
each Offload Architecture may affect the EU experience, and
provide recommendations on how to deploy and implement the
ISP Offload Infrastructure.
Femtocells can be used to improve the indoor coverage and bandwidth of 3G cellular networks in homes and buildings. They are designed to be placed in a fixed location. However, their use would also be interesting in mobile environments... more
Femtocells can be used to improve the indoor coverage and bandwidth of 3G cellular networks in homes and buildings. They are designed to be placed in a fixed location. However, their use would also be interesting in mobile environments such as public transportation systems. This paper studies the mobility limitations at the layer 3 and suggests an approach to support mobility on femtocell networks. This solution employs the protocols already defined in the femtocell architecture, minimizing thus the impact on it.
There is a scientific debate concerning whether businesses making use of the Sharing Economy can provide a pathway to sustainability or are a new form of neoliberal capitalism. Sharing Economies are also presented as a form of... more
There is a scientific debate concerning whether businesses making use of the Sharing Economy can provide a pathway to sustainability or are a new form of neoliberal capitalism. Sharing Economies are also presented as a form of greenwashing, misleading consumers that their businesses are part of an idealistic sharing movement, while being purely profit seeking. China’s economy has continued to grow, which resulted in the rise of new problems including congestion and air pollution. Sharing Economies have been promoted as a solution to both. The presented research will contribute to the scientific debate by performing a case study of Mobike, a Chinese company providing docking-less bike-sharing programs. Both positive and negative social and environmental consequences of Mobike practices will be examined. It can be concluded that even though Mobike has the potential for a transition to sustainability and is reducing congestion and emission and therefore improving quality of Chinese city life, the negative consequences of Mobike’s practices outweigh the positive ones. Most of the negative externalities, including broken bike trash dumps, are consequences of a lack of attention by Mobike’s management. An agent-principle conflict appears. Steered by investor’s, Mobike focuses on the possibilities of obtaining data for commercial purposes rather than providing a sustainable mobility solution. Due to the delay of regulation by the Chinese government, sustainable practices were not affectively implemented. Pollution and mobility will become progressively problematic in many cities around the world within the near future. Before Sharing Economies can provide productive solutions, more research is required. Keywords: Sharing Economies, mobility, sustainability, docking-less bikes-sharing, China, Mobike.
