Modal Extender

A preservação do sêmen sob refrigeração é uma técnica simples e que se encaixa como possível alternativa para a utilização racional do sêmen de peixes que apresentam potencial para a aqüicultura comercial ou para programas de repovoamento. O presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade do sêmen do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen, armazenado em refrigerador doméstico. Machos de jundiá foram submetidos à indução hormonal com extrato hipofisário para coleta de sêmen e posterior armazenamento sob refrigeração (5,7°C) por 12 dias. Durante o período experimental foram determinadas a motilidade do sêmen em microscópio óptico e a taxa de sobrevivência dos espermatozóides em extensões de sêmen corados com coloração supra vital. Também foi realizado teste de fertilização pela mistura de 10μl de sêmen de machos em 5 g de óvulos obtidos de um grupo de fêmeas, possibilitando a avaliação do sêmen fresco até aquele armazenado por 12 dias. A taxa de fertilização foi determinada 15-20 horas após a união dos gamet...

In this study, we aimed to develop a practical protocol for using cryopreserved sperm for induced/wild/tank spawning of fish species with external fertilization. Experiments were carried out on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a model species. Sperm was collected for cryopreservation and diluted with the cryomedium (266 mM fructose, 20% methanol) at a ratio of 1:1 with a final methanol concentration of 2.47 M pH7.73. Diluted sperm was loaded into 0.5-ml straws and cryopreserved by conventional protocol. Samples were prepared for insemination 24 h later, by thawing for 13 s in a 40 °C water bath, and centrifuged at 500 × g for 10 min at 20 °C. The seminal plasma, extender and external cryoprotectant were removed from the concentrated spermatozoa. The pellet was then resuspended in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) seminal plasma to reconstitute the lost volume. Sperm samples were then injected by a catheter into the ovarian cavity through the oviduct of the experimental females by...

A cryopreservation protocol was tested on the sperm of genetically distinct Adriatic grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and the Natura2000-listed marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) from the Soča River basin in Slovenia. Sperm was frozen in an extender composed of 200 mM glucose, 40 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris (pH 8.0) and 10% methanol as a cryoprotectant in the vapour of liquid nitrogen. Sperm dilution ratios of 1:1, 1:4 and 1:9 were tested. The cooling rate was 57 ± 1°Cmin-1 in all cases. In the grayling, the highest ratio of eyed eggs (74 ± 4 % vs. 69 ± 6 % in the control) and the highest hatch percentage (63 ± 6 % vs. 56 ± 10 % in the control) was observed with a dilution ratio of 1:1. In the marble trout, the highest percentage of eyed eggs (84 ± 4 % vs. 88 ± 3 in the control) and the highest hatch rate (70 ± 3 % vs. 76 ± 2 % in the control) was again found using the 1:1 dilution ratio of the sperm. In both species, individual sperm samples had a significant effect on the results. Sperm-to-egg...

The use of non-commercial and commercial extenders for cooling alpaca sperm has already been reported, the latter showing certain advantages over the first. The Andromed® (AM) extender was created for use in ruminants and has also been tested in ejaculated and epididymal alpaca sperm. According to the manufacturer, this extender does not need the addition of egg yolk (EY); however, it is known that the addition of EY to some extenders improves the preservation of cooled sperm. The objective of this study therefore was to compare a non-commercial extender (Tris) with the addition of EY vs. the commercial extender AM with and without the addition of EY, for cooling alpaca sperm obtained from diverted deferent ducts. Fifteen pools of deferent duct sperm were formed using samples from two or three different males for each. Each sperm pool was evaluated and then divided into three aliquots that were diluted to a final concentration of 30 × 106 sperm ml-1 (0 h) with either: (1) Tris with ...

Polyurethane foam is cellular polymer that synthesized by chemical reaction between polyol and isocyanate. In this work we studied the effects of chain extender to the polyurethane foam structure that produced from polyol mixture consist of polypropylene glycol and castor oil (CO). This polyol would reacted with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to produce urethane linkage meanwhile water and methylene chloride was added as chemical and pyshical blowing agent. A portion of chain extender ethylene glycol (EG) was added into the process as variabel proposed. One shoot process was chosen, thus ingredients was entered into stainless steel reactor consecutively followed by continuous mixing with three blade impeller. After foaming happened, liquid was pouring into wood-mold and curing at least for 48 hours. Characterization would determined such as bulk density, determination of diameter and cell density by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Functional group was analyzed by spectrum of Fourier...

Seminal plasma (SP) proteins interact with sperm plasma membrane (PM) modulating its functionality. It has been shown that SP proteins can reverse the damage caused by freeze‐thaw; however in these studies, SP has been added to washed sperm (i.e., cells depleted from homologous SP and extender). The aim of the current study was to assess whether the egg yolk‐based extender (EY) modifies SP ability to ameliorate sperm parameters in frozen‐thawed ram spermatozoa. Ejaculates were diluted in EY or soybean lecithin‐based extender (SL) and evaluated before and after freezing to measure the cell damage according to the extender. Even when all classical parameters decreased after freezing, as expected (p < .05), there was no effect of the extender. SP treatment was applied after freeze‐thaw. Sperm were incubated with SP (20% v/v) in the presence of either EY or SL, and sperm parameters were assessed after thawing compared with the same treatments after Percoll sperm selection (washed). T...

Mammalian sperm cells are highly vulnerable to lipid peroxidation by free radicals. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, and vitamin C neutralize the activity of free radicals and protect the sperm from reactive oxygen species. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and their combination in Tris-based extender on the semen quality of Kail Ram. Semen samples from five mature Kail rams were collected in this study. The semen samples were diluted by Tris-glucose-egg yolk. Diluted semen samples were divided into four parts. The first part was added with 1 mg/ml vitamin C, the second part was added with 1 mg /ml vitamin E and the third part was added with both vitamin C, and E, in combination with a dose of 1 mg /ml. Fourth part was considered as control without any addition. The diluted semen samples were cooled gradually and preserved at 5˚C for three days. Sperms in chilled diluted semen samples were examined for motility, viability, and plasma ...

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of substituting egg yolk in egg-yolk-citrate (EYC) extenders with extracts from Tomato and Pawpaw fruits as well as Coconut milk and Raffia palm sap on the motility of bull spermatozoa. Semen collected from Holstein Friesian bulls by the artificial vagina was extended with the proportions of egg yolk in egg-yolk-citrate extenders substituted at 25% (75% egg yolk: 25% Substituent), 50% (50% egg yolk:50% Substituent), 75% (25% egg yolk:75% Substituent) and 100% (no egg yolk in extender) and stored under refrigeration conditions (4-8C). Results show that coconut milk (43.4%) and pawpaw juice (41.25%) led to the highest number of progressively motile sperms (P< 0.05) without evidence of difference between them (P > 0.05). They were followed by tomato Juice (40.35%), fresh raffia palm sap (40.40) and Trehalose (34.68%). Substitution of egg yolk at 75% had highest individual motility while total substitution (100%) had the lowest (P&...

يهللرگرز ناميا 1 ، رهچونم يناسارخ 2 * ، يلع رغصا غابص يناولا 2 داجس ، ينايك 3 1 ـ سانشراك ،دشرا ينف هدكشناد ،بونج نارهت دحاو يملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ،يسدنهم ،ناريا ،نارهت يتسپ قودنص : 4435 11365 2 ـ ،رايداتسا هدكشهوژپ گنر و ،رميلپ هاگشناد يتعنص ريبكريما ،ناريا ،نارهت ، يتسپ قودنص : 4413 15875 3 ـ ،دشرا سانشراك گنر و رميلپ يسدنهم هدكشناد ، هاگشناد يتعنص ا ريبكريم ،ناريا ،نارهت ، يتسپ قودنص : 4413 15875 :تفايرد خيرات 25 / 9 / 92 :شريذپ خيرات 20 / 7 / 93 :زا يكينورتكلا تروص هب سرتسد رد 20 / 12 / 1393

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different extenders viz. Tris citric acid fructose egg yolk (TCFEY), Tris citric acid glucose egg yolk (TCGEY), Egg yolk citrate fructose (EYCF) and Egg yolk citrate glucose (EYCG) on the quality of ram spermatozoa during preservation at 4°C. Semen samples showing more than 3+ mass motility and 70% progressive motility were pooled and subsequently divided into four aliquots. Each aliquot was extended separately in four different extenders viz. TCFEY, TCGEY, EYCF and EYCG and stored at 4°C up to 72h. The quality of spermatozoa on the basis of percentage of sperm motility, live sperm, morphological abnormalities, intact acrosome and hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) reacted spermatozoa was evaluated immediately after extension in particular extenders (0 h), 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after preservation at 4°C. The percent sperm motility was significantly…

The current study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of royal jelly supplementation on sperm motility, viability and pH value during the liquid storage of boar semen at 16 °C and 4 °C, at various periods of time (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Semen samples were collected from 11 boars, diluted with a long-term extender and supplemented with different concentration of royal jelly (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) at a final concentration of 50 × 106 sperm/ml. In the laboratory, the semen was assessed for sperm morphology, viability (eosin-nigrosin staining), subjective motility and objective sperm motility by sperm class analyzer. In total, 396 tests for sperm viability and motility were performed. The longer storage time and the lower incubation temperature showed lower sperm motility and viability results. The results showed that royal jelly supplementation at 1% concentrations protected the functionality of the sperm plasma membrane during the liquid storage time of 96 h at 16 °...

Cryogenic preservation trials of spermatozoa of Labeo rohita were carried out. Twenty four cryodiluents (extender + cryoprotectant), with the combination of six extenders such as egg-yolk citrate, urea-egg-yolk, 0.9% NaCl, Kurokura-2, Ma and Mb and four cryoprotectants viz. DMSO, glycerol, methanol and ethanol, were used to screen out the suitable cryodiluents. Sperm was preserved in 0.25ml plastic straw in programmable freezer. Two step freezing method was followed. Sperm preserved with egg-yolk citrate and urea-egg-yolk containing 10% DMSO showed best post-thaw motility (80%) followed by 0.9% NaCl (60%) and Kurokura-2(30%) solutions. Sperm with the extenders M" and Mb clotted at the time of equilibration and also after few days of preservation. Egg-yolk citrate mixed with ethanol and methanol also showed good percentage of motility (80%) but egg-yolk citrate with glycerol showed less sperm motility (>60%). To determine suitable dilution ratio of milt and cryodiluent two be...

Experiments were conducted to develop and standardize the protocols of cryopreservation of sperm of Barbonymus gonionotus. Three extenders Alsever’s solution, urea-egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate and four cryoprotectants methanol, ethanol, DMSO and DMA were used. Cryodiluents were prepared by adding 10% cryoprotectant to 90% extender (% v/v). Milt and cryodiluents were mixed at a ratio of 1 : 9 for Alsever’s solution and 1 : 4 for urea egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate solutions. Alsever’s solution with 10% DMSO showed the best performance and produced 78 ± 2.55% sperm motility at the post-thaw period. Urea egg-yolk and egg-yolk citrate with 10% DMSO produced 76 ± 1.87% and 74 ± 1.87% post-thaw motility respectively. When cryopreserved sperm was stored in liquid nitrogen for 130 days, a gradual reduction in motility ranging from 31.25 to 37.50% was observed. This could be happened due to frequent opening of the nitrogen dewar that could cause thawing of the sample. In breeding trials, spe...

The study aimed to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of low-density lipoprotein in Hariana bull semen. Four adult Hariana bull (3-4 years) after thorough andrological examination were selected for experiment. Semen was collected from each bull twice a week; total of 32 ejaculates (8 from each bull) were collected during the experiment. Collected sample from each bull was divided into 5 equal aliquots. Four aliquots were diluted separately with a Tris-based extender containing different concentration of low-density lipoproteins viz. 7% (T-1), 8% (T-2), 9% (T-3) and 10% (T- 4) as treatment while routinely used extender containing 20% hen egg yolk was used as control (C) to achieve final concentration of 125 million spermatozoa/ml. The diluted samples were cryopreserved and evaluated after 7 days. A significantly higher value of percent live sperms, sperm positive for hypo osmotic swelling test, sperms with intact acrosome and sperms exhibiting pattern F (uncapacitated sperm) were sig...