Neophytes

During the last years in the Ruhr area and in the Rheinland area several fern species have been detected new to the wild flora of Germany. These are the neophytic taxa Adiantum raddianum, Pteris cretica, Pteris cretica var. albo-lineata, Cyrtomium fortunei var. clivicola, as well as Selaginella kraussiana. Additionally, new locations have been found for the already known Adiantum capillus veneris and Pteris multifida.

Для выделения фракций адвентивных растений – археофитов и неофитов – в составе флоры Байкальской Сибири в качестве временнóго рубежа предлагается использовать середину XIX в. В это время Н.С. Турчаниновым опубликована сводка по флоре Байкало-Даурии. Заносные растения, выявленные позже, следует относить к неофитам. В составе гидрофильной флоры Байкальской Сибири выделена фракция неофитов и проведен ее анализ. 14 гидрофильных видов-неофитов появились в регионе на протяжении последних ста лет в результате непреднамеренного заноса. Инвазивный статус восьми видов зафиксировался в позиции натурализовавшихся. Один вид, Elodea сanadensis, является инвазивным. Большинство неофитов имеют исходный европейский либо европейско-западносибирский ареал.

Drawing on studies of the history of emotions, trust- and community-formation, and on medieval as well as modern religious violence, this study re-evaluates the predominantly military view of medieval sieges. Instead, this article examines sieges as extreme, often purposefully histrionic, and emotionally ambivalent social events, based
on the descriptions of sieges in two Baltic missionary chronicles: Helmold of Bosau’s ‘Chronica Slavorum’ (12th c.) and Henry of Livonia’s ‘Chronicon Livoniae’ (13th c.). By focusing on the means of emotional bonding during sieges in the Baltic Rim, this article argues that emotions expressed and accentuated the social, political, and religious
predicaments of missioning and crusading. Frequently, emotions in sieges were actively deployed and navigated as means of warfare or as the performative fuel of the theatre of war. Often employed as a motivational force, emotions could also serve as a paradoxical method of socialisation within groups of faith and across religious divides.

Channels, rivers, roads and railways are important pathways for the introduction and spread of nonnative vascular plants and furthermore biological invasions in Germany and Central Europe. The typical regional situation of the adventive flora of the Ruhr Basin among these linear corridors will be introduced and described, with a focus on the outlining of the involved taxa, their floristic status and establishing tendencies.

Die Vegetation der Industriewälder auf Zollverein wird auf pflanzensoziologischer Basis dokumentiert und diskutiert. Grob lassen sich die Gehölzbestände in zwei Gruppen, die spontanen, birkendominierten sowie die ehemals mit Robinien begründeten Industriewälder gliedern. Innerhalb der Syntaxa erfolgt eine feinere Differenzierung. Die Industriewälder weisen einen enormen Gehölzartenreichtum auf, der z. T. auf Kulturflüchtlinge aus benachbarten Gärten und Parkanlagen zurückzuführen ist. Eine Prognose, in welche Richtung die Waldentwicklung gehen wird, ist zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht möglich.

ABSTRACT Kurzfassung: Es wird über ein spontanes Vorkommen der Eidechsenwurz (Sauromatum venosum [AIT.] KUNTH) an einem Waldrand eines Buchenwaldes im mittleren Ruhrgebiet berichtet. Dieses Vorkommen dürfte die erste bekannt gewordene Verwilderung dieser Art außerhalb Botanischer Gärten in Deutschland darstellen. Abstract: It is reported about the first spontaneous occurrence of the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum [AIT.] KUNTH) in Germany at a beech forest margin.

Channels, rivers, roads and railways are important pathways for the introduction and spread of nonnative vascular plants and furthermore biological invasions in Germany and Central Europe. The typical regional situation of the adventive flora of the Ruhr Basin among these linear corridors will be introduced and described, with a focus on the outlining of the involved taxa, their floristic status and establishing tendencies.

A christian inscription, discovered in Verona, in the church of San Procolo, remembers a child called Victorinianus, who died two years and eleven months. He is called innofitus, i.e. neophytus, word indicating that he had received the baptism.An analysis of the 126 inscriptions in Latin, which remind neophyti, not only shows that the term is in use only between the 4th and 5th century AD, but above all shows that children up to fifteen years are 63% of testimonies. They are most likely
seriously sick or dying children, who were baptized in extremis.These inscriptions, therefore carefully analyzed and contextualized, could bring new arguments to the lively debate regarding the problem of baptismus parvulorum, which is very important in the writings of Augustine and of other Church fathers.

Si les chiffres de l’initiation chrétienne à l’âge adulte croissent, ceux de la fréquentation du sacrement de réconciliation décroissent. En parallèle, de nombreux néophytes se détournent de la pratique une fois baptisés : et si une redécouverte des enjeux ecclésiaux du sacrement de réconciliation était une pistepour mieux affermir les néophytes au sein de la communauté chrétienne et, par là même, aider l’ensemble du peuple de Dieu à vivre la miséricorde ?

Es wird über mehrere spontane Vorkommen der Zerr-Eiche (Quercus cerris L.) in Vorwäldern urban-industrieller Brachflächen sowie in einem Birken-Eichenwald am Nordrand des Ruhrgebietes berichtet. Des weiteren werden Herkunft der Diasporen und mögliche Einbürgerungstendenzen der Art diskutiert.

Das Auftreten von Ambrosia elatior L. (A. artemisiifolia L. s. lat. p. p. bzw. A. artemisiifolia sensu auct. plur.) (Asteraceae) wird derzeit verstärkt von Medien und auch medizinischen wie botanischen Fachorganen aufgegriffen, weil es sich um eine stark allergene Pflanze handelt. Die Darstellungen prognostizieren eine rasante Invasion der Art in ganz Mitteleuropa, was nicht den Fakten entspricht. In Nordwestdeutschland ist keine klare Einbürgerungstendenz der Art festzustellen und selbst im klimatisch begünstigten Ruhrgebiet stehen einer Vielzahl unbeständiger Vorkommen lediglich wenige punktuelle, nicht invasive Einbürgerungen gegenüber. Bekämpfungsaktionen, insbesondere durch Unkundige, sind abzulehnen, weil leicht Arten der Gattung Artemisia für Ambrosia gehalten werden können.

In autumn of 2017 evidence is provided by the authors of escapes and spontaneous occurrences of Aralia elata (MIQ.) SEEM., Fraxinus pennsylvanica MARSHALL and Juglans ailantifolia CARRIÈRE in the Central Ruhr Basin (North Rhine-Westphalia). The origin of the observed escapes is suspected in ornamental plantings in the surroundings. Until today only a few records of escapes of these species in North Rhine-Westphalia have been reported, so new occurrences are worth reporting.

Question: Does dispersal mode and/or disturbance intensity affect the spread of exotic species across agricultural landscapes? Location: Friuli Venezia Giulia, NE Italy Methods: We analyzed alpha-and beta-diversity of native and exotic plants in 128 plots distributed in four habitats (viz. woods, hedgerows, field boundaries and meadows), in four agricultural areas in NorthEast Italy, along a gradient of increasing cover of arable land in the landscape. We used a multi-model inference approach to explore the relationships between species diversity and landscape variables (i.e. agricultural disturbance) testing the role of dispersal mode (i.e. biotic, abiotic) for both native and exotic plants. For each habitat and plant trait combination, distance decay of similarity was assessed by regression on distance matrices. Results: Species diversity of exotic and native plants were related to the degree of disturbance (cover of crop) and proximity to disturbance (distance to crop) with different responses according to dispersal mode and habitat type. In most of the habitats, the number of species dispersed by biotic vectors decreased when disturbance was higher. We further found that in woods and hedgerows the Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. interaction between disturbance and dispersal mode drove the exotic richness. Exotic species were less dispersal limited than native showing a weaker distance-decay of similarity. Conclusions: The spread of exotic species in semi-natural habitats was driven by agricultural disturbance at the landscape scale. The effect of disturbance on exotic species richness was further shaped by species dispersal mode. Most initiatives related to preventing and controlling invasions are conducted at the local scale, whereas the influence of the land-use dynamics in the landscape is seldom explored. Our contribution provides useful information to identify the most susceptible semi-natural-habitats to exotic plant invasions according to intrinsic local resistance and large-scale processes such as invasiveness from the surrounding landscape.

Ракитянский Н., Зинченко М.
В работе представлен политико-психологический анализ феномена русских мусульман в контексте современной российской полиментальности. Авторы обращают внимание на то, что в условиях либеральных реформ имеет место инспирирование извне протестных анти-российских религиозно-идеологических умонастроений в молодежной среде. Речь идет о формировании такого политико-психологического феномена, как русский исламизм, при использовании психологической и духовной незрелости бессубъектной части русской молодежи. В статье обсуждаются политико-психологические аспекты целенаправленной трансформации сознания русских неофитов с использованием их инфантильности, низкого субъектного статуса и фрустрированной идентичности, что приводит к разрушению и модификации базовых структур национального менталитета в группах социального риска. Делается вывод о том, что транснациональными операторами политического ислама реализуется стратегическая программа по переформатированию идентификационных представлений и установок маргинальной части русской молодежи с целью разрушения русского ментального кода. Библиогр. 21 назв.

Ключевые слова: русские мусульмане, неофиты, исламизация, русский исламизм, русские исламисты.

N. M. Rakityanskiy, M. S. Zinchenko POLITICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT OF RUSSIAN ISLAMISM Political and psychological analysis of Russian Muslims in the context of modern transformation of semantic values of the Russian civilization is given in this work. Th e authors draw the attention to the fact that in the course of liberal reforms the formation of protest anti-Russian ideological phenomena is going on and they have a strongly marked destructive character. One of them is connected with the processes of islamisaton of Russian young people and with such a political-psychological phenomenon as islamism. Th e article points out the cardinal determination of neophytes`consciousness that is accompanied by the modifi cation of the world`s model against the background of their infantilism, low subject status and frustrated identity. Th e authors come to the conclusion that the global operators of political Islam make use of psychological and spiritual predisposition of marginal part of Russian young people to realization of the strategic course to reformat their identifi cation ideas and guidelines with the aim to destroy the Russian mental code. Refs 21.

The Golden Trail, used for the transport of salt from alpine mines to the Czech kingdom for centuries, was a crucial ancient trade route in the Central European region. The contemporary road I/4, copying the Golden Trail, plays the same role today. The I/4 is used year round with deicing salt, a common standard, applied for winter maintenance. Deicing salt is often used, even in sections where the I/4 passes through the Bohemian Forest and its protected areas. The effects of applying deicing salts on ecosystems in the region is well documented. In addition to many other effects, high concentrations of salt along the roads cause significant changes in plant communities. Plant species sensitive to salinity disappear and the abundance of halophytes increases. Roads are also trajectories for the migration of neophytes. Seeds or other propagules are transported with cargo or in car tires.
In this paper, we present our findings on the pilgrimage of Plantago coronopus, a true halophyte, into the Bohemian Forest. We also describe the species’ colonisation strategy and human measures supporting its successful migration in a region of high conservation value.

Kurzfassung: Es wird über mehrere Funde des bislang in Deutschland noch seltenen Neophyten Cyperus eragrostis im Ruhrgebiet berichtet sowie die Herkunft der Pflanzen, das Einbürgerungspotenzial und eine mögliche zukünftige Ausbreitung der Art diskutiert. Des Weiteren wird die Vergesellschaftung der Art an zwei Standorten anhand von Vegetationsaufnahmen dokumentiert.

Abstract: It is reported about several occurrences of Cyperus eragrostis in the Ruhr Area with a discussion regarding the origin of the plants, the degree of naturalization in the Ruhr Area and a possible dispersal of this rare neophyte in Germany in the upcoming future. Further, the phytosociological behavior of the species in the Ruhr Area is characterized by some relevés.