Nomadic

The concept of identity has been changing rapidly today. New dimensions are added to the ties dating from the past. The dimensions are the learnt concept of identity, the extended mentality of male dominance and transmission of sense of belonging down to next generations. Identity means symbolising one’s way of perceiving the self, and making the individual visible. The concept of identity played pioneering roles in determining communities, and today it also plays pioneering roles in describing individual identifies due to the fact that borders become indistinct with globalisation. This transformation experienced in belonging of identity is re-shaped with the efforts to protect the heritage left by ancestors. A part of Muslims living in the Balkans in the Ottoman period migrated to Anatolia for various reasons. People living in the areas migrated to give such nicknames as” new comers in the ninety threes”, and thus turned the migration into a symbolic system of meanings in the socie...

Ever since the advent of the civilization, the movement of people around international boundaries germinated new notions that vigour new movements and standards into the researches of social sciences and humanities. The historical events like war, colonialism or globalization are now deemed as the major ideological forces that is reshaping international relationships, community relations and the individuals place in them, a plethora of new key words have emerged. As people integrate into new host societies and redefine their identities in alien environments, cultural relativism and acculturation have re-emerged as analytical way of understanding contemporary processes of flows of people across international boundaries. While trans-national movements of people are creating ever more complex relationships, they continue to regroup and converge towards others who share alike terrestrial, physical and spiritual characteristics, reconstructing the circumscribed cultures in which conformist structural-functional investigates placed them. In this sense, it calls for more research and for newer conceptualizations on how migrant groups reform, integrate and renegotiate their communities in new host environments. Displacement has a unique place in the writings of Amitav Ghosh as he himself is no stranger to travel and displacement. Though Ghosh's characters are generally nomadic, wandering from one place to another yet at the core of heart some of them do form diaspora as they are abided by their roots. They as diasporic embodiment develop communities and collective homes at alien place. These communities are ever shifting and mutable with time and place. Displacement is not a recent phenomenon and is not restricted to a matter of concern of today's life only. It transcends time and place and affects the life of individual as well as mass. From time immemorial, displacement has been an undeniable fact that is inevitable due to the contiguous situations of society or

Alpine grasslands are a common feature on the extensive (2.6 million km<sup>2</sup>) Qinghai–Tibet plateau in western and southwestern China. These grasslands are characterized by their ability to thrive at high altitudes and in areas with short growing seasons and low humidity. Alpine steppe and alpine meadow are the principal plant Formations supporting a rich species mix of grass and forb species, many of them endemic. Alpine grasslands are the mainstay of pastoralism where yaks and hardy Tibetan sheep and Bactrian camels are the favored livestock in the cold arid region. It is not only their importance to local semi nomadic herders, but their role as headwaters of nine major rivers that provide water to more than one billion people in China and in neighboring countries in south and south-east Asia and beyond. Grasslands in this region were heavily utilized in recent decades and are facing accelerated land degradation. Government and herder responses, although quite d...

Alpine grasslands are a common feature on the extensive (2.6 million km 2) Qinghai-Tibet plateau in western and southwestern China. These grasslands are characterized by their ability to thrive at high altitudes and in areas with short growing seasons and low humidity. Alpine steppe and alpine meadow are the principal plant Formations supporting a rich species mix of grass and forb species, many of them endemic. Alpine grasslands are the mainstay of pastoralism where yaks and hardy Tibetan sheep and Bactrian camels are the favored livestock in the cold arid region. It is not only their importance to local semi nomadic herders, but their role as headwaters of nine major rivers that provide water to more than one billion people in China and in neighboring countries in south and southeast Asia and beyond. Grasslands in this region were heavily utilized in recent decades and are facing accelerated land degradation. Government and herder responses, although quite different, are being implemented as climate change and the transition to the market economy proceeds apace. Problems and prospects for alpine grasslands and the management regimes being imposed (including sedentarization, resettlement and global warming are briefly discussed.

SummaryIn this article, symbolism of sacrificial meat is considered. Gagaus traditions have some rituals where the sacrificial animal liver is the basic element. In this research was determined that in Gagauz culture liver is a center of human passions and emotions. These conceptions have kept in Gagauz language in the form of idiomatic expressions. The author comes to conclusion that Gagauz ceremony of animal sacrifice “Kurban” and ritual taste of a sacrificial animal liver are All-Turkic world outlook relicts. Boiled or fried hen (or cock) is the element connected with settled-agricultural lifestyle.

Резюме
В статье рассматриваются символические значения мясных видов пищи, которые выступают в качестве жертвы. В гагаузских традициях существуют ритуалы, в которых главным элементом выступает печень жертвенного животного. Было установлено, что в культуре гагаузов печень считается центром человеческих эмоций и страстей. Такое представление о печени сохранилось в гагаузском языке во фразеологически устойчивых словосочетаниях. Автор приходит к выводу, что обряд жертвоприношения животного «Курбан» и ритуальное вкушение печени жертвенного животного являются реликтами общетюркского мировоззрения. Вареная курица (петух) представляет собой элемент, связанный с оседло-земледельческой культурой.

Abstract  The  concept  of  identity  has  been  changing  rapidly  today.  New  dimensions  are  added  to  the  ties  dating  from  the past.  The  dimensions  are  the  learnt  concept  of  identity,  the  extended  mentality  of  male  dominance  and  transmission  of sense of belonging down to next generations. Identity means symbolising one’s way of perceiving the self, and making the individual  visible.  The  concept  of  identity  played  pioneering  roles  in  determining  communities,  and  today  it  also  plays pioneering  roles  in  describing  individual  identifies  due  to  the  fact  that  borders  become  indistinct  with  globalisation.  This transformation experienced in belonging of identity is re-shaped with the efforts to protect the heritage left by ancestors. A part  of  Muslims  living  in  the  Balkans  in  the  Ottoman  period  migrated  to  Anatolia  for  various  reasons.  People  living  in  the areas migrated to give such nicknames as” new comers in the ninety threes”, and thus turned the migration into a symbolic system of meanings in the society. Dikili district of İzmir was an area of such intensive migration. Immigrants coming from the Balkans settled in in the city centres as well as insome villages. This study was conducted in 2016 in the district of Dikili and in  its  villages.  This  research  investigated  those  immigrants  identity  belonging.  Thus,  it  focussed  on  how  they  identified themselves. The research used the technique of in-depthface to face interviews. Conversations on migration stories are also included in the research. Audio and video recordings were made in the research, and the recordings were then decoded and interpreted

Increasing market integration appears to be an unavoidable process for most pastoral societies. Raising substitution rates between direct utilisation of animal products and consumption of cereals exchanged through markets is the most important reason for consistent ...