Spatial

In this study, an effort was made to simulate the transformation of rainfall into runoff, in a small experimental mountainous-forested watershed in western Greece. The main objective was the production of flood hydrographs by calculating average flow velocities (inside and outside the stream network). The usefulness of the flow velocities lies in using them in other ungauged small-forested watersheds that have similar geomorphological and hydrological characteristics. The meteorological and hydrological data of four storm events were obtained from the corresponding stations that are located near and at the outlet of the watershed, respectively. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology was used for the obtainment of the spatially distributed watershed characteristics. The resolution of the digital elevation model and the produced rasters was 50X50 m2. By integrating all information, a simplified model was developed, which is based on the Time – Area (TA) rainfall – runoff flow...

Site-specific geotechnical data are always random and variable in space. In the present study, a procedure for quantifying the variability in geotechnical characterization and design parameters is discussed using the site-specific cone tip resistance data (qc) obtained from ...

In this paper I present the prepositional system of Persian. I show that Persian prepositions can be divided into three classes (Class 1, Class 2a and Class 2b) which exhibit distinct syntactic behavior. Then I examine the question of the categorial status of Class 2 prepo-sitions and demonstrate that they are not to be regarded as nouns. Finally I present the extended PP projection of Persian spatial prepo-sitions and argue for a feature-based analysis of the properties they manifest.

Several long-term studies have monitored populations of algal symbionts,
Symbiodinium sp., in coral hosts over different temporal and spatial scales, and
among multiple host species. The extension of these studies to include environmental
pools of algal symbionts from sources such as the water column, sediments,
free-floating mucus mats and those settling on biofilms has only been
studied by a few, yet has the potential to enhance our understanding of the
dynamics and controls on symbiont populations. Adaptive changes in the coral
symbiont complement rely either on the uptake of new strains from the environment
or population expansion of rarer strains in the existing symbiont population.
The relative scope for these alternative pathways of uptake is
unknown. This study therefore examined spatial changes in Symbiodinium
clades within the water column at two different time periods and compared
these with other environmental pools (biofilms, sediments, and mucus mats)
and those within the dominant reef-building species at the study site, Acropora
muricata. A diversity of algal symbiont clades were detected in environmental
pools, with specific clades associated with different habitats. At an island scale,
there was significant variation in clade composition between sites separated by
0.5–7 km, a result which was repeated for both sample periods encompassing
different seasons (March 2009 and August 2010). Although no single environmental
pool contained a Symbiodinium complement comparable to that of the
host coral species investigated, the dominant coral Symbiodinium were available
in combinations of the environmental pools, indicating that the coral has the
potential to obtain its symbionts from a variety of environmental sources.

The present study was carried out in order to study the textural characteristics of sediments, and their seasonal changes along with the Coleroon estuary. Samplings were done at different stations during two seasons from monsoon of 2009 to postmonsoon of 2010. Granulometric studies reveals that the grain size parameters at different Coleroon estuary locations. The differences between the seasons were larger than those between the geomorphological units. During the monsoon the mean size was medium to fine, sorting was moderately sorted to moderately well sorted in nature, and the distribution was more positively skewed. The major part of the sediment fall in a medium to fine grained category. with respect to spatial distribution sand is dominating in the upper estuarine region i.e. up to the station 7 silt, clay are mostly enriched in lower part of the estuary. Based on the CM pattern the sediment fall in rolling and suspension field.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the nature and extent of gender and spatial inequalities in educational attainment in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the education Gini coefficient, computed on the basis of years of schooling of individuals, to assess education inequality in Ghana.FindingsThe paper finds evidence of gender and spatial inequality in education in Ghana. In particular, the three northern regions have lower education attainment as well as higher education Gini coefficients compared to the rest of the country. The paper finds evidence of intra‐gender and intra‐spatial inequalities in education attainment in Ghana, with females contributing proportionately more to the within‐inequality component of the education Gini. The paper also finds a positive correlation between poverty incidence and education inequality.Research limitations/implicationsThe research finds a positive correlation between poverty incidence and education inequality but req...

Born in the cradle of social and economic cohesion Community principle twelve years ago, the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) has contributed to the institutional recognition of the territorial dimension of cohesion. Territorial cohesion is now included among the “Union's objectives” at Art. I-3 in the, although not ratified yet, new Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. The implementation of territorial cohesion policy is a matter of good EU territorial governance, an aim that the ESDP also embraces. ...

In most currently available geography books, spatial representations group sets of differentiated location-objects, which can be located (directly or indirectly) on the surface of the Earth, using latitude, longitude and altitude, and systems projecting this surface on a map. But in fact spaces defined with the help of cartographic projection systems are independent of the locations-objects which are represented there. That being so, once the location-object is represented with the aid of a projection space, the cartographic spaces which have been generated can combine the locations-objects so that they can be seen as geometrizations, giving rise to geovisualizations. But these geo-visualo-metrizations—presumed to be objective—can be used to formulate geo-interpretations, determined on the one hand by the a priori choice the observer made of a projection system and, on the other hand, by beliefs and ideologies expressed with the aid of explicit or implicit geovisions. One of the bes...

A B S T R A C T According to the report of the disaster management center, during the last forty years from 1974 to 2014, country faced flood impact several times (48.5%). Every year at least one of the areas of Sri Lanka faces flood impact due to heavy rainfall. Northern Province of Sri Lanka faces many challenges caused by flood frequently. The main objective of this study is to analyze the spatial and seasonal pattern of the flood occurrences in the Northern