The first major European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) outbreak occurred in central New Brunswick, Canada, on over 3,000 ha of forestland, from 2001ߝ2003. The outbreak was severe enough to result in considerable landowner concern and a... more
The first major European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) outbreak occurred in central New Brunswick, Canada, on over 3,000 ha of forestland, from 2001ߝ2003. The outbreak was severe enough to result in considerable landowner concern and a privately funded aerial insecticide spray program to protect trees. Defoliation was unexpectedly severe on several tree species thought to be resistant or immune, as indicated from studies in the northeastern United States. Fifty plots (564 trees) were established and measured for standard mensurational characteristics, defoliation, and annual tree mortality, and after the cessation of defoliation, 44 trees were destructively stem analyzed to determine growth patterns. Balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) with defoliation of more than 75% sustained specific volume increment reduction averaging 55% and 25% mortality after 2 years of severe defoliation. Red oak (Quercus rubra L.) sustained about 40% growth reduction, similar to results of previous ...
The current study reviews the comparative successes of two restorative justice programs in Alaska, namely, the Upper Tanana Wellness Program and the Circle Peacemaking Program in Kake, Alaska. In an analysis of the two case studies, the... more
The current study reviews the comparative successes of two restorative justice programs in Alaska, namely, the Upper Tanana Wellness Program and the Circle Peacemaking Program in Kake, Alaska. In an analysis of the two case studies, the authors develop nine principles useful to those interested in developing restorative-justice programs. The authors recommend an Indigenous community-based approach consistent with practice in the field of Dispute Systems Design.
The Inuit and the Crees of Quebec have travelled an impressive path from a self-sustaining economy to a land claims economy based mainly on public transfers. But most importantly, they have created two new regions in Quebec: Nunavik and... more
The Inuit and the Crees of Quebec have travelled an impressive path from a self-sustaining economy to a land claims economy based mainly on public transfers. But most importantly, they have created two new regions in Quebec: Nunavik and Eeyou Istchee. This article analyzes the political and economic development of these two Quebec regions. After a look at the legacy of the James Bay development and the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, the first modern Canadian treaty, this article endeavours to assess the new development plan announced by Quebec: the Plan Nord. On the surface, the Plan Nord resembles a new incarnation of the James Bay project, but there are many differences: the development is not spearheaded by the Quebec government and, more importantly, Aboriginal leaders are now involved, a good indication of the changes that have occurred in the last forty years. However, does this mean that the North will benefit from the new development? Since the 1940s, all developm...
The use of tree shelters with naturally established red oak seedlings was studied in southern New England mixed-hardwood stands where deer browsing limited regeneration height growth. Seedlings of three size classes (basal diameters of 5... more
The use of tree shelters with naturally established red oak seedlings was studied in southern New England mixed-hardwood stands where deer browsing limited regeneration height growth. Seedlings of three size classes (basal diameters of 5 mm, 8 mm, and 15 mm) were cut off just above ground level during the dormant season to induce sprouting. Plastic tree shelters were placed over one group in each size class; another group was left without shelters but was protected from deer browsing by fencing. In the first growing season, seedling sprouts inside shelters in the two larger size classes had double the height growth (with some terminals growing out of the 150-cm tall shelters) but less diameter growth, compared to sprouts outside shelters. The height difference was maintained but not increased over the next 2 growing seasons. Height growth for sprouts from the smaller size class was not increased by shelters. The use of tree shelters with large diameter seedlings stunted by browsing ...
Forest managers are concerned about the potential damage to residual trees and site from cyclic harvest re-entries into the same forest stand. This study summarizes logging and felling damage resulting from the harvesting of silvicultural... more
Forest managers are concerned about the potential damage to residual trees and site from cyclic harvest re-entries into the same forest stand. This study summarizes logging and felling damage resulting from the harvesting of silvicultural treatments on a large landscape experiment in southern Missouri that is designed to compare impacts of even-aged, uneven-aged and no management on a wide array
This report presents a supply-side analysis of electronic gaming machine (EGM) venues in the NT. It is the primary output of Project C6 “Typology of Gaming Machine Venues in the NT”. The objective of this project is to explore the... more
This report presents a supply-side analysis of electronic gaming machine (EGM) venues in the NT. It is the primary output of Project C6 “Typology of Gaming Machine Venues in the NT”. The objective of this project is to explore the characteristics of particular venues in the ...
Northern Review. Article Tools Print this article. Review policy. Email this article (Login required). About The Author Amanda Graham Yukon College. Open Journal Systems. Journal Help. User Username, ... Amanda Graham. Full Text: PDF.... more
Northern Review. Article Tools Print this article. Review policy. Email this article (Login required). About The Author Amanda Graham Yukon College. Open Journal Systems. Journal Help. User Username, ... Amanda Graham. Full Text: PDF. Refbacks. There are currently no refbacks ...
Tourism is increasingly a focal point for polar communities due to its potential for diversifying income in communities that have traditionally depended on natural resources. Polar tourism also draws on natural landscapes, and new... more
Tourism is increasingly a focal point for polar communities due to its potential for diversifying income in communities that have traditionally depended on natural resources. Polar tourism also draws on natural landscapes, and new strategies and values are therefore required for balancing out various elements of the local environment. This article provides new insights into the tourism product in Ilulissat, Greenland from the perspective of a dynamic nature/culture relationship, which is a proposed nation brand by the national destination management organization Visitgreenland. The destination of Ilulissat has always been focused around the grand nature surrounding the town—that is, the icefjord that has always shaped life in Ilulissat. The relationship between the icefjord and life around it suggests that nature and culture are closely related, which is useful for tourism purposes. In 2004, the Ilulissat Icefjord was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a natural heritage...
Eastern white pine is highly susceptible to damage from white pine weevil, and to some extent white pine blister rust, in the northeastern United States. Western white pine has shown resistance to the weevil, but is highly susceptible to... more
Eastern white pine is highly susceptible to damage from white pine weevil, and to some extent white pine blister rust, in the northeastern United States. Western white pine has shown resistance to the weevil, but is highly susceptible to blister rust in the West. Objectives of this study were to compare the growth and resistance of eastern and western white pine to damage from the weevil and blister rust and to identify families of western white pine suitable for planting in the East. A field trial containing 76 half-sib families of western white pine and two half-sib families of eastern white pine was established in 1983 at two sites, one each in New York and Maine. After 14 yr, tree height and diameters were measured, and resistance to weevil and rust assessed. Tree height and diameters were significantly greater for eastern white pine than western white pine. Western white pine sustained approximately fourfold less weevil damage at both sites, but was more impacted by rust at one...
Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1... more
Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior famil...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus, which is a major cause of water-borne hepatitis. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific cellular antiviral defence mechanism, induced by... more
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus, which is a major cause of water-borne hepatitis. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific cellular antiviral defence mechanism, induced by double-stranded RNA, which we used to investigate knockdown of several genes and the 3' cis-acting element (CAE) of HEV. In the present report, shRNAs were developed against the putative helicase and replicase domains and the 3'CAE region of HEV. Production of siRNA was confirmed by northern hybridization. The possible innate response induction due to shRNA expressions was verified by transcript analysis for interferon-beta and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase genes and was found to be absent. Initially, the selected shRNAs were tested for their efficiency against the respective genes/3'CAE using inhibition of fused viral subgenomic target domain-renilla luciferase reporter constructs. The effective shRNAs were studied for their inhibitory effects on HEV replication in HepG2 cells using HEV replicon and reporter replicon. RNAi mediated silencing was demonstrated by reduction of luciferase activity in subgenomic target-reporter constructs and reporter replicon. The real time PCR was used to demonstrate inhibition of native replicon replication in transfected cells. Designed shRNAs were found to be effective in inhibiting virus replication to a variable extent (45-93%).
Mixed hardwood-balsam fir stand management has been proposed as one silvicultural technique to reduce spruce budworm damage to balsam fir. An analysis was conducted using published results from New Brunswick, Canada, and northern New... more
Mixed hardwood-balsam fir stand management has been proposed as one silvicultural technique to reduce spruce budworm damage to balsam fir. An analysis was conducted using published results from New Brunswick, Canada, and northern New England, USA, to assess whether optimum hardwood levels (percent volume) could be determined for various levels of budworm defoliation. The goal was to maximize standing balsam fir volume and to determine trade-offs between reduced damage (hence reduced volumes losses) versus the amount of fir volume lost as a result of allocating growing space to hardwood species. Optimum hardwood levels depended on severity of budworm attack. Below 45% defoliation (5 yr average), the amount of balsam fir volume lost to increased hardwood growing space exceeded the amount of volume protected. As defoliation severity increased above 45%, the optimal hardwood levels increased. At severe levels of defoliation (> 75%) optimal hardwood content was approximately 50% of in...
Skiing as a modern sport spread from Norway in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to other countries where there was snow during some portion of the year. Many people had read Fridtjof Nansen’s account of his 1888-89 trek... more
Skiing as a modern sport spread from Norway in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to other countries where there was snow during some portion of the year. Many people had read Fridtjof Nansen’s account of his 1888-89 trek on skis over the inland ice of Greenland in his book Paa ski over Grønland, which appeared in Norwegian and other languages in 1890.1 The book helped make skiing a household word. Not so well known is the role of the Sámi (formerly Lapps) in the evolution of skiing. This article aims to sketch the ear ly history of skiing from its birth in the Stone Age to a period only some centuries ago. I suggest that Finno-Ugrian cultural complexes moved into Fennoscandia (the Scandinavian peninsula) from the east and south in the late Stone Age, bringing skis with them as one aspect of their material culture. Germanic groups migrated northward into Scandinavia much later on. They too may have brought skis with them, but their skis were not nearly as technologica...
From the examination of the concepts of both “rurality” and the “North,” the geographical and “technical” meanings of these concepts are socially and politically based. The quantitative, technical definitions tend to focus either on a... more
From the examination of the concepts of both “rurality” and the “North,” the geographical and “technical” meanings of these concepts are socially and politically based. The quantitative, technical definitions tend to focus either on a simple variable related to distance from urban areas, or size of population, regardless of what lies between. There is also a dominant, socially created association between the rural and an agricultural or suburban setting. Lacking alternative symbols and concepts of the North on the public stage, the old stereotypes, often reflecting colonialism, still apply. This perspective has resulted in a lack of recognition by political actors of the particular characteristics of rural and northern regions and the communities that dwell within them, including the Boreal Shield ecozone; particularly a meaning of rurality that excludes “extractive” communities. Further, this lack of awareness is reinforced by the fact that the Boreal Shield and other northern ecos...
Increases in Arctic tourism over the past few decades have occurred within a context of change, including climate change. This article examines the ways in which tourism decision makers and regulators in Nunavut view the interactions of... more
Increases in Arctic tourism over the past few decades have occurred within a context of change, including climate change. This article examines the ways in which tourism decision makers and regulators in Nunavut view the interactions of cruise ship tourism and climate change, the challenges presented by those interactions, and the opportunities available within this context of change. The article uses an approach that is aimed at assessing sensitivities and adaptive capacity in order to develop strategies for managing change. It describes the findings from thirty-one semi-structured interviews conducted with federal government, Government of Nunavut, and industry personnel and managers involved in Nunavut’s tourism industry. The two major themes of the article are the growth and adjustment in the cruise tourism industry stemming from climate change and the governance issues that are associated with these changes. A strong focus in the interviews was recognition of the need for a col...
Populations of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) have experienced declines over the last 30 years, particularly in the northern and western parts of their range. Although relatively untested, silvicultural practices that alter... more
Populations of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) have experienced declines over the last 30 years, particularly in the northern and western parts of their range. Although relatively untested, silvicultural practices that alter forest structure and composition have been hypothesized as having negative impacts on Allegheny woodrat habitat and populations. To investigate the effects of timber harvesting on Allegheny woodrats in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia, we compared home range size and foraging movements between woodrats adjacent to a harvested stand to those in an intact forest stand during fall 1997 using radio telemetry. Mean home range size of all woodrats combined was 0.65 (±0.20) ha. Mean home range, movement rate, and maximum distance traveled from the den did not differ between the harvested and intact stands or between sex or age classes. Home range and foraging movements in fall were considerably smaller than those documented from summer in previous stud...
Skiing as a modern sport spread from Norway in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to other countries where there was snow during some portion of the year. Many people had read Fridtjof Nansen’s account of his 1888-89 trek... more
Skiing as a modern sport spread from Norway in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to other countries where there was snow during some portion of the year. Many people had read Fridtjof Nansen’s account of his 1888-89 trek on skis over the inland ice of Greenland in his book Paa ski over Grønland, which appeared in Norwegian and other languages in 1890.1 The book helped make skiing a household word. Not so well known is the role of the Sámi (formerly Lapps) in the evolution of skiing. This article aims to sketch the ear ly history of skiing from its birth in the Stone Age to a period only some centuries ago. I suggest that Finno-Ugrian cultural complexes moved into Fennoscandia (the Scandinavian peninsula) from the east and south in the late Stone Age, bringing skis with them as one aspect of their material culture. Germanic groups migrated northward into Scandinavia much later on. They too may have brought skis with them, but their skis were not nearly as technologica...
