Offline Shopping

The retail sector is one of the fastest growing sector in India. It is one of the backbones of the economy and accounts for about 10 percent of the country's GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be valued at US$ 600 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. The growth of retail sector in India is one of the fastest globally. Indian consumers are very particular about their products. The consumer choices vary based upon their preference towards online shopping versus offline shopping. The internet and traditional shopping both have their own advantages and disadvantages.Online shopping doesn't require traveling long distances, offers more variety, remains functional 24*7, offers huge discounts and extend the facility of customer reviews. On the other hand, traditional shopping allows customers to physically examining products which otherwise online shopping lacks. Consumers may be use both the online and traditional mode of shopping depending on their preferences at a particular moment, which results in fundamentally different behaviours across the two mode of shopping. This article attempts to throw some light on the differences emerging out of online shopping behaviour and offline shopping behaviour.

To better understand consumer behaviour and preferences for apparel shopping in Asia, we collected data through questionnaire surveys in China and Taiwan on three topics: online and offline shopping behaviours; product evaluative criteria; and fashion information sources. The study showed that women in both China and Taiwan shopped more frequently than men. Chinese consumers shopped more frequently online than did their Taiwanese counterparts. Both Chinese and Taiwanese consumers cited 'fit' and 'comfort' as the two most important evaluative criteria for clothing, while 'brand name' and 'country of origin' were the least important cues. Both Chinese and Taiwanese participants cited 'friends' as their most important fashion information source, with 'siblings' and 'parents' being the two least important sources. ARTICLE HISTORY

Preliminary Consumers as individuals have different criteria and conditions from each other and this difference also causes complex consumer behavior. In general, how consumers behave is influenced by internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are factors that exist in the consumers themselves. While external factors are factors that exist from outside the consumer itself (Yakin, 2016). Swastha and Handoko (2010) define consumer behavior as the actions of individuals who are directly involved in the business of obtaining and using economic goods and services including decision making activities. While consumers can be divided into two, namely individual consumers and industrial consumers. Individual consumers or end consumers are individuals who make purchases to meet their personal needs or household consumption. Whereas business or institutional consumers are individuals or groups of individuals who make purchases on behalf of and for use by institutions. In this case, the institution can mean companies, government agencies, and other institutions. Dimensions of Consumer Behavior Tjiptono (2010) defines schematically, the dimensions of consumer behavior cover three main aspects, including : First, the type of customer includes things, 1) The final consumer or household consumer, that is, consumers who make purchases are made solely for their own consumption needs, 2) Business consumers (also called organizational consumers, industrial consumers, or intermediate consumers) are consumers who make purchases for further purposes, then sold (producers).

The aim of this paper is to model the effect of the consumers' perceptions of their offline and online gendered behaviour on online utilitarian shopping motivation and purchase intentions. We hypothesise that when consumers shop online, their behaviour is mediated by two gendered behaviours, namely offline and online. To test this hypothesis, 515 usable responses were collected in face-to-face interviews. The conceptual model was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) across five product categories. Our findings show that the effect of a consumer's perception of their gendered behaviour offline vs. online on online utilitarian shopping motivation and purchase intentions is significantly different. In particular we found that utilitarian shopping motivation online has a significant effect on purchase intentions online mediated by gender (online) overall: strongly for females but not for males. Conversely, utilitarian shopping motivation online has a significant effect on purchase intentions online mediated by gender (offline) for males but not overall and for females.

Internet is a potent medium that can serve as a unique platform for the growth of retail brands in India. The Indian retail market is witnessing a revolution. This era of business is marked with a high degree of dynamism. Due to technological advancement, the concept of competitive advantage is increasing day by day. Shopping at the click of a mouse is gaining popularity and most of the people prefer to buy the products online. The number of users is significantly high. The present scenarios of e-tailing market and trends have been discussed in this paper. Each and every thing now a day is based upon technology or we can say that this is the era of technology without which we cannot imagine our life. Shopping through online sites is now a latest trend of the customers. Working people don't have so much time to go to the market and do shopping. That is the reason they prefer online mode of shopping. In the past few years, online market places have become very popular among vendors, marketers and shoppers to sell, advertise and buy the products. The increase in technology provides good opportunities to the seller to reach the customer in much faster and economic way. Numerous advantages and benefits of Online Shopping influence more and more people to switch to online shopping from traditional shopping. Customers can avoid long queues in parking lot and in shopping mall during sale and festival seasons and can save this time and fuel for some other productive works. The main motive of this concept paper is to know the customer perception towards both the shopping medium online and offline shopping. In this paper we are comparing both the shopping medium and also the factors which influence customer to buy the product whether from online and offline shopping. Scope of the Study-Retailers are increasingly leveraging their presence across different channels like catalogue, web, stores and kiosks, to increase their share of the customer"s wallet and expand across consumer segments. Recent studies on consumer shopping behaviour indicate that multichannel shoppers show a significantly higher value and frequency of purchase than single channel shoppers. Thus, the focus of modern retailing shifted to "e-tailing", one of the most adoptive channel. Online marketers has not only to compete with traditional shopkeepers but are also facing stiff competition from many fast emerging online companies which are fast and swift in their customers approach and value added services. The purpose of this study is to look at the factors driving online shopping and to develop an understanding of the factors influencing the online shopping by the consumers. This is done by exploring the factors that encourage consumers to shop online through analysis of such advantages as convenience, website quality, mode of payment and a wider choice. The most beneficial factor of shopping online was identified as it is convenient and wider choices are available to customers to make the decisions. Objectives of the Study  To draw out, the driving factors for growth of the e-tailing.  To compare customers perception towards online and offline shopping based on demographic variables. (Gender, Monthly Income, Age, Occupation, Marital Status)  To investigate the factors which affect Online and offline shopping.  To examine the factors influencing the decision of consumer to do online shopping.  To examine the factors influencing the consumer to switch from the offline shopping to online shopping and online to offline shopping.

The online medium of e-commerce has provided and will continue to provide great opportunities for consumers and business. Research has shown growth in the interest o f consumer in online shopping from 40% in the year 2012 to 78% in the year 2014 in the online shopping behaviour. Online shopping is now-a-days preferred because o f better prices they offer, the convenience they provide because o f shopping on our leisure, variety ofproducts offered at one place, fewer traps as in the traditional shopping where the salesperson try to lure the customer to buy the product but in online shopping they '11 lure the customers with offers but not pressurize them. Ixistly customers privacy is valued in online shopping which is difficult in shopping offline. It is yet to be fully understood what more factors influence online shopping decision process. The Traditional shopping also has its pros like the feel-and-touch the products, face to face interaction with the salesperson, trying out o f your outfit before buying and many other reasons to shop offline. The objective o f this study is to provide an overview of online shopping decision process by comparing the offline and online decision making and identifying the factors that motivate online customers to decide or not to decide to buy online. The approach is used to find out whai is different product a consumer buys and what is the most preferred and searched one. The research will also investigate the sources that attract consumer to prefer shopping online. The results also indicate that those attracted to purchase online perceive significantly lower channel risk, search effort, evaluation effort, and waiting (delivery) time online than offline and express significantly higher price search intentions online than offline. Although consumers attracted to offline channels also perceive lower search cost and higher price search intentions online than offline, their perceived online search effort and price search intentions are significantly lower than those attracted to online channels It also suggests that demographics might not be effective bases for market segmentation. This study attempts to prcn'ide an exhaustive review on consumer behaviour o f shopping online v/s offline.

Five hundred and fifteen consumer responses are used to model the affect of online hedonic shopping motivation and online purchase intentions: moderated by the consumers' perceptions of their offline and online gendered behaviour. The model was applied across five product categories using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. We conclude that there is no online-gender effect on hedonic shopping motivation and purchase intentions. However, offline-gendered behaviour does significantly affect hedonic shopping motivation and purchase intentions for females across all product categories. Our findings support the proposition that gender is merely a prosthetic device of the private self and is an intentional manipulation and misrepresentation of the anonymous body. Online gender is a performance that is hidden by the technological veil from the offline space and public self, without social constraints or criticisms. Research implications are discussed.

In software industry, the concept of quality has become a significant aspect and is expressed and defined in many different ways. Quality assurance, and in particular software testing and verification, are areas that yet have much to offer to the industry. It’s aimed towards prevention and if followed will result in the production of quality software. This paper emphasizes the importance of a quality process and also discusses about the ways in which it could be achieved through offline software quality techniques in particular SQFD Model. SQFD is an extremely useful tool for gathering and defining software requirements. It is a way to translate the customer’s requirements into the definition and implementation of a project. "It provides a means to plan how though the application of a very organized methodology – one that saves time money, and resources.” A detailed literature was collected for the SQFD model. The application of these SQFD model for the software development is very much limited. Only few papers were highlighted the application of these model in software industry. The objectives can be achieved by developing the SQFD model for the software development. Three banking projects were taken for the application of the SQFD model. The construction of the SQFD model was compiled for the software development. The requirements were analyzed and validated using the SQFD model.

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the use of the smartphones by consumers of the Y generation as a support tool at traditional retail in the context of the interpenetrating of online and offline processes in shopping. The survey was conducted in 2017 applying the survey technique, and the selective quota sampling procedure was employed. The obtained results suggest that among the studied group, the smartphone contributes to finding shopping inspirations and absorbing product information, thus supporting consumers in purchasing processes in offline retail. Moreover, a group of Y generation consumers, for whom using the smartphone at traditional retail has become a habit, exists and for some of them it has turned into addiction. Among represantatives of the Y generation, hybridity of purchasing behaviour was observed, which leads to integrating activities of online and offline shopping. The results of the study contribute to broaden the knowledge concerning the consumer behaviour of Y generation and drawing up of companys’ marketing strategies better.

Internet is a potent medium that can serve as a unique platform for the growth of retail brands in India. The Indian retail market is witnessing a revolution. This era of business is marked with a high degree of dynamism. Due to technological advancement, the concept of competitive advantage is increasing day by day. Shopping at the click of a mouse is gaining popularity and most of the people prefer to buy the products online. The number of users is significantly high. The present scenarios of e-tailing market and trends have been discussed in this paper. Each and every thing now a day is based upon technology or we can say that this is the era of technology without which we cannot imagine our life. Shopping through online sites is now a latest trend of the customers. Working people don't have so much time to go to the market and do shopping. That is the reason they prefer online mode of shopping. In the past few years, online market places have become very popular among vendors, marketers and shoppers to sell, advertise and buy the products. The increase in technology provides good opportunities to the seller to reach the customer in much faster and economic way. Numerous advantages and benefits of Online Shopping influence more and more people to switch to online shopping from traditional shopping. Customers can avoid long queues in parking lot and in shopping mall during sale and festival seasons and can save this time and fuel for some other productive works. The main motive of this concept paper is to know the customer perception towards both the shopping medium online and offline shopping. In this paper we are comparing both the shopping medium and also the factors which influence customer to buy the product whether from online and offline shopping. Scope of the Study-Retailers are increasingly leveraging their presence across different channels like catalogue, web, stores and kiosks, to increase their share of the customer"s wallet and expand across consumer segments. Recent studies on consumer shopping behaviour indicate that multichannel shoppers show a significantly higher value and frequency of purchase than single channel shoppers. Thus, the focus of modern retailing shifted to "e-tailing", one of the most adoptive channel. Online marketers has not only to compete with traditional shopkeepers but are also facing stiff competition from many fast emerging online companies which are fast and swift in their customers approach and value added services. The purpose of this study is to look at the factors driving online shopping and to develop an understanding of the factors influencing the online shopping by the consumers. This is done by exploring the factors that encourage consumers to shop online through analysis of such advantages as convenience, website quality, mode of payment and a wider choice. The most beneficial factor of shopping online was identified as it is convenient and wider choices are available to customers to make the decisions. Objectives of the Study  To draw out, the driving factors for growth of the e-tailing.  To compare customers perception towards online and offline shopping based on demographic variables. (Gender, Monthly Income, Age, Occupation, Marital Status)  To investigate the factors which affect Online and offline shopping.  To examine the factors influencing the decision of consumer to do online shopping.  To examine the factors influencing the consumer to switch from the offline shopping to online shopping and online to offline shopping.