Oil Tankers

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Due to the restrictes access of the Worldscale book to students this issue has remained in the sidelines of academic teaching for much too long. This elementary analysis of what it does, for which ship types and for what purposes, aims at demystifying this matter in hope that erroneous perceptions about it become less frequent.

Every shipping company has a goal to reduce operational costs and increase income. One possible way to achieve that is by optimizing ship's hull in respect to calm water resistance. However, because ships seldom travel at still water conditions, it is important also to introduce the effect of the added resistance in waves.
For large ships, added resistance in waves is mainly the result of wave diffraction around the ship while the added resistance due to motions has a small contribution. The available theoretical methods at the moment find it hard to evaluate accurately the diffraction component of added resistance in short waves. This makes necessary the use of semi-empirical approach or CFD methods.
Added resistance is also important for minimization of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Added resistance affects the selection of suitable Sea Margin and fw correction factor, which accounts for the decrease of speed in representative sea conditions. A reduction  in added resistance will affect positively the EEDI.
The development of computers during last century allowed the use of parametric models created in CAD/CAE systems for representation of hulls forms. New optimization solution techniques such as Sobol functions and genetic algorithms set up the necessary background for effective and quick optimization. All of these are present in CAESES/Friendship-Framework.
In this diploma thesis, the bow of a large tanker (KVLCC2) is optimized in terms of the added resistance in waves using CAESES/Friendship-Framework for creation of parametric model and optimization. Ship's bow is also optimized for total resistance, using Holtrop-Mennen method for estimation of calm water resistance. In the last stage, ship's bow is optimized for EEDI. The resulted maximum continuous rating of ship's main engine is compared with the minimum required power in adverse conditions.

For any tanker, reduced fuel consumption at sea leads to:
Reduced fuel purchase costs;
Reduce the logistic cost of fuel acquisition;
Reduced emissions.
Increasingly the benefits of reduced engine emissions both for climate change and pollution legislation reasons are also a strong influence,.. With the continuing upward trend of fuel costs, all those means by which fuel consumption can be reduced needs consideration
This paper presents a range of energy saving technologies in the context of BMT's own Product Tanker design. The study seeks to show, from an independent viewpoint, how they might be applied to achieve the real financial and environmental benefits. The consequences for machinery performance is identified along with consideration of the parasitic loads such features can require. The estimated acquisition and implementation costs are compared with the benefits to the ship’s resultant in-service costs to show how the choice of an energy saving solution needs to be considered in conjunction with the ship’s overall design, its machinery and its operating role. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are not those of BMT or other third parties. The authors acknowledge the opportunity provided by BMT to present this work. The contribution from the several companies who have assisted with the study work behind this paper is acknowledged with thanks.

The relationship between the Greek shipping tycoons and the colonels who seized power on 21 April 1967 has been a neglected issue in the literature on the Greek dictatorship (1967–1974). Despite the importance of the shipping tycoons’ investments to the survival of the authoritarian rulers, the two groups proved to be uneasy partners. The clash of shipowners such as Aristotle Onassis and Stavros Niarchos over concessions in the Greek oil industry under the colonels triggered a rift within the leadership of the dictatorial regime, which subsequently proved to be a significant contributing factor in its fall. At the intersection of politics and economics, the colonels’ oil policy epitomized the course from initial euphoria over business-friendly policies to introversion and stagnation that turned into a regime crisis in the aftermath of the oil shock.

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Dry nitrogen is a nearly ideal product blanketing material.
It offers both safety and prevention of contamination of
stored products. Nitrogen can be expensive, however, especially
in remote locations, or where the quantity does
not justify a cryogenic distillation plant.

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AGEN DAN DISTRIBUTOR RESMI POMPA PERTAMINI JAWA TIMUR, KAMI JUAL MESIN PERTAMINI DENGAN KUALITAS TERBAIK TAHAN BANTING DENGAN HARGA PALING MURAH.
PERTAMINI / SPBU MINI / FUEL DISPENSER / POM BENSIN MINI
Menyediakan pembelian part unit dan melayani pengiriman VIA Ekspedisi Ke Seluruh JAWA TIMUR, paket usaha PERTAMINI ( Mesin Pompa Digital )dalam kondisi "Siap Pakai"
Semua Unitnya dalam kondisi "Tersedia / Ready Stock / All New" Lengkap:

1. Modern dan Inovatif
2. Aman dan Praktis
3. Literan Pasti Pas
4. Langsung isi ke motor/mobil dengan nozzle seperti di SPBU
5. Kapasitas drum penyimpanan bensin 200 ltr
6  Llistrik cuma 150 watt saat operasional,dan5 watt saat std by.
7. Tidak perlu tangki Pendam.


Untuk INFO Dan PEMESANAN Hubungi :

Bapak. Hermanu Setiawan

HP/SMS/ Whatapp 0812–5233-1019 ( Telkomsel )
Email : pertaminidigitalsurabaya@gmail.com
Alamat :
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AGEN DAN DISTRIBUTOR RESMI POMPA PERTAMINI JAWA TIMUR, KAMI JUAL MESIN PERTAMINI DENGAN KUALITAS TERBAIK TAHAN BANTING DENGAN HARGA PALING MURAH.
PERTAMINI / SPBU MINI / FUEL DISPENSER / POM BENSIN MINI
Menyediakan pembelian part unit dan melayani pengiriman VIA Ekspedisi Ke Seluruh JAWA TIMUR, paket usaha PERTAMINI ( Mesin Pompa Digital )dalam kondisi "Siap Pakai"
Semua Unitnya dalam kondisi "Tersedia / Ready Stock / All New" Lengkap:

1. Modern dan Inovatif
2. Aman dan Praktis
3. Literan Pasti Pas
4. Langsung isi ke motor/mobil dengan nozzle seperti di SPBU
5. Kapasitas drum penyimpanan bensin 200 ltr
6  Llistrik cuma 150 watt saat operasional,dan5 watt saat std by.
7. Tidak perlu tangki Pendam.


Untuk INFO Dan PEMESANAN Hubungi :

Bapak. Hermanu Setiawan

HP/SMS/ Whatapp 0812–5233-1019 ( Telkomsel )
Email : pertaminidigitalsurabaya@gmail.com
Alamat :
Perum Sidokare Asri BB 12
Sidoarjo-JawaTimur 61214


http://distributorpertaminijatim.wordpress.com

Malaysia is a coastal country, with a long coastline in Peninsular Malaysia connecting the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea to the east. The Strait of Malacca is a well-known waterway allowing the continuous supply of oil by tankers from the Middle East to the Far East, such as China, Japan and Korea. The Strait of Malacca is also a strategic location for the harnessing of the tidal stream energy due to its strong tidal current resources. The abundant tidal resource in the Strait of Malacca is a focus of research. However, none of the local researchers have investigated the site selection in the Strait of Malacca to propose the installation of a tidal turbine in detail. This study investigates the tidal stream resources and the topology of the Strait of Malacca by using the data from acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in order to propose Pulau Pangkor (Pangkor Island) for the site of the exploitation of the tidal stream energy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364032113000063/1-s2.0-S1364032113000063-main.pdf?_tid=35379d02-66e4-11e3-872f-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1387261788_d3d91b5b7022f83ce72fa8819a3b5086 
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032113000063

Maritime safety is governed by a combination of international rules and regulations. Risk assessment onboard oil tankers involve identifying all the risk factors and quantifying their dimension. The loading/unloading operation on an oil tanker is one of the most dangerous maneuvers due to hazards, such as fuel pollution and fire. Loading a maritime oil tanker at a terminal is a complex activity, requiring a high degree of professional training and organization

The oil industry has experienced numerous fluctuations in crude prices during its history. Falling prices in 2014 developed into a historic downturn by 2016, reaching lows that were last seen in the 1990s. As a result, several oil giants were forced to decommission almost two thirds of their rigs, while also dramatically decreasing their investment in the upstream oil industry. What is interesting is that the crude shipping industry did not go through the same catastrophic loss as its upstream counterpart. Iran, one of the world’s biggest oil exporters and crude shipping operators, experienced this firsthand. Currently National Iranian Tanker Company (NITC), by operating 42 Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs), is the world’s largest fleet of supertankers. In this vein, while the country’s oil revenue sharply declined, its crude shipping industry grew. This situation was not without problems, however. This paper is a unique investigation of the outcomes of Iran’s massive tankers fleet entering the global market. This article also analyzes how the post-sanction Iran’s crude oil input may change crude oil transport market while putting further pressure on crude prices and increases the demand for tankers.

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AGEN DAN DISTRIBUTOR RESMI POMPA PERTAMINI JAWA TIMUR, KAMI JUAL MESIN PERTAMINI DENGAN KUALITAS TERBAIK TAHAN BANTING DENGAN HARGA PALING MURAH.
PERTAMINI / SPBU MINI / FUEL DISPENSER / POM BENSIN MINI
Menyediakan pembelian part unit dan melayani pengiriman VIA Ekspedisi Ke Seluruh JAWA TIMUR, paket usaha PERTAMINI ( Mesin Pompa Digital )dalam kondisi "Siap Pakai"
Semua Unitnya dalam kondisi "Tersedia / Ready Stock / All New" Lengkap:

1. Modern dan Inovatif
2. Aman dan Praktis
3. Literan Pasti Pas
4. Langsung isi ke motor/mobil dengan nozzle seperti di SPBU
5. Kapasitas drum penyimpanan bensin 200 ltr
6  Llistrik cuma 150 watt saat operasional,dan5 watt saat std by.
7. Tidak perlu tangki Pendam.


Untuk INFO Dan PEMESANAN Hubungi :

Bapak. Hermanu Setiawan

HP/SMS/ Whatapp 0812–5233-1019 ( Telkomsel )
Email : pertaminidigitalsurabaya@gmail.com
Alamat :
Perum Sidokare Asri BB 12
Sidoarjo-JawaTimur 61214


http://distributorpertaminijatim.wordpress.com

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AGEN DAN DISTRIBUTOR RESMI POMPA PERTAMINI JAWA TIMUR, KAMI JUAL MESIN PERTAMINI DENGAN KUALITAS TERBAIK TAHAN BANTING DENGAN HARGA PALING MURAH.
PERTAMINI / SPBU MINI / FUEL DISPENSER / POM BENSIN MINI
Menyediakan pembelian part unit dan melayani pengiriman VIA Ekspedisi Ke Seluruh JAWA TIMUR, paket usaha PERTAMINI ( Mesin Pompa Digital )dalam kondisi "Siap Pakai"
Semua Unitnya dalam kondisi "Tersedia / Ready Stock / All New" Lengkap:

1. Modern dan Inovatif
2. Aman dan Praktis
3. Literan Pasti Pas
4. Langsung isi ke motor/mobil dengan nozzle seperti di SPBU
5. Kapasitas drum penyimpanan bensin 200 ltr
6  Llistrik cuma 150 watt saat operasional,dan5 watt saat std by.
7. Tidak perlu tangki Pendam.


Untuk INFO Dan PEMESANAN Hubungi :

Bapak. Hermanu Setiawan

HP/SMS/ Whatapp 0812–5233-1019 ( Telkomsel )
Email : pertaminidigitalsurabaya@gmail.com
Alamat :
Perum Sidokare Asri BB 12
Sidoarjo-JawaTimur 61214


http://distributorpertaminijatim.wordpress.com

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Within the global oil shipping sector, flag states that inadequately fulfil obligations to effectively exert jurisdiction over vessels flying their flags have been criticized for facilitating the existence of substandard ships. This paper examines the topic of flag-use and its potential association with oil spill risk. Flags most associated with accidental oil spills were identified through comparing the flag composition of the global oil tanker fleet with that of vessels that have been involved in the 100 largest tanker spills on record. Vessels flying flags of states that have exhibited consistent patterns of failure in compliance with international obligations, defined here as ‘flags of non-compliance’ (FoNCs), were found to be significantly more common amongst the vessels that have been involved in spill incidents. However, this was dependent on how the Liberian flag was qualified throughout the time period considered. If measures are being sought to reduce the risk of tanker involvement in large-scale oil spills further, vessel owners should be deterred from registering with FoNCs that are highly accessible to foreign owners, and political measures should be taken to put pressure on flag states that operate all other FoNCs to improve effective jurisdiction over ships flying these flags.