Old Cadastral Maps

The cadastral units (‘Flurs’) and the agricultural branches can be studied on the documents of the conctretual survey of Szentes made between 1852 and 1854. Te detailed survey started in 1882, the documents prepared during the temporary cadastral units survey had been used till then, the changes of the coming decades were documented in these papers. Te maps and the documents serve as excellent sources about the economy and local history of Szentes.

The Temporary Cadastral Map Archive of Sopron, 1857–1860
The cadastral map archive of Sopron was founded in 1857 to keep, and copy the survey work
segments, and to prepare the maps for lithography. The map archive was temporarily placed in the
building of the 1st Survey Office, which rented a house from Károly Tibolth. Karl Rolke, 3rd grade
engineer was appointed as the manager of the map archive, however he did not get the title of
map archivist. The position of map archivist was advertised, and Anton Buttula, survey inspector
managing the technical activities of the provisory in the Sopron tax district, got the position in
1858. The problem of the permanent place of the map archive was solved in 1860, at least for 10-15
years; the halls of the archive were created in the first floor of the former tax office.

Tracking Earth's past helps us to move from hindsight to foresight in seeking landscape sustainability, a pursuit aided by modern mapping capabilities but hindered by a dearth of historical landscape information. To fill the data gap and exemplify the use of old maps for land-use change sciences, we combined an old paper-based US civil war map and modern aerial photos to derive land-use history and landscape dynamics at fine scales for a region near Chancellorsville, USA, from 1867 to 2014. We also tested how advanced algorithms-object-based image analysis and Random Forests (RF)-could aid in data processing. Automatic classification of the scanned 1867 paper map proved difficult, but its manual digitization could benefit from object-based image segmenta-tion. Classifying digital aerial images was more accurate via the object-based than pixel-based method, but only if the images were segmented appropriately. In the object-based classification, spectral-based features were much more important and useful than shape/geometry features for land-cover discrimination, as ranked by RF. During the 147 years, 32% of the region changed in land type. Settlement and roads increased in extent by 1850% and 691%, respectively, and woodland decreased by 19%. These changes fragmented the landscape, altered the hydrological regime, and affected river morphology. The utility of old maps exemplified here provides an impetus for leveraging extant old maps or historical records to support land-use and global change research. Our study also connotes the importance of preserving and geotagging current non-traditional data, such as photos, videos, and citizen science data, that can serve as a baseline to document future landscape change.

Toledo's commuters are understandably unhappy about the bottleneck at the dogleg at Frank's cutacross. They may also wonder while they queue up together at the stoplight there: "What can be the idea behind it?" The reasons this dogleg and bottleneck exist and persist have never been adequately explained to Toledo motorists. This article offers an explanation, but provides no solution for relieving the existential angst of motorists suffering delays at the dogleg on a daily basis. Their only alternative is -- anarchy.

The two modifcations of the land-tax 1875:VII. were worked out by the cadastral workshop working during the 1879–1881 parliament session. Te propositions made by the workshop were accepted at
the beginning of the session and were also signed by the Monarch (1881:XL., 1881:XLII.).