Oral Science

The present study measured the position of the greater palatine foramen relative to adjacent anatomical landmarks in Brazilian skulls. The perpendicular distance of the greater palatine foramen to the midline maxillary suture in Brazilian skulls was about 14 mm and the distance of greater palatine foramen to the incisive foramen was approximately 36 mm. The distance of greater palatine foramen to the posterior border of the hard palate was approximately 3 mm, and the mean angle between the midline maxillary suture and the line from the incisive foramen and the greater palatine foramen was 22.71 degrees . In almost 70% of the cases, the greater palatine foramen opened in an anterior direction. The mean palatine length was approximately 52 mm. In the greater majority of the skulls (93.81%), the greater palatine foramina were opposite or distal to the maxillary third molar. These data will be helpful in comparing these skulls to those from various other regions as well as comparing sku...

A prospective cohort study was designed to measure marginal bone level changes at 36-month follow-up and to evaluate the influence of biologically relevant, anatomic and stress-related variables. STROBE guidelines were followed. Totally, 748 implants were inserted into 350 patients. Standardized periapical radiographs were taken at 2- (stage-two surgery), 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-ups. Descriptive statistics were used and inter- and intra-examiner reliability were determined. A mixed-model was used to evaluate predictor variables. Statistical analysis was performed at implant level (statistical significance: P < 0.05). A total of 34 (4.5%) implants failed; of the 34 implants, 6 were early failures (0.8%) and 28 were late failures (3.7%). A total of 576 implants reached 36-month follow-up (mean follow-up: 25.58 months; SD: 10.32). Mean marginal bone remodeling was -0.56 mm. (SD: 1.30; range: -6.80 ± 3.65). A statistically significant, higher marginal bone loss was found for su...

Retention wires permanently bonded to the anterior teeth are used after orthodontic treatment to prevent the teeth from relapsing to pre-treatment positions. A disadvantage of bonded retainers is biofilm accumulation on the wires, which produces a higher incidence of gingival recession, increased pocket depth and bleeding on probing. This study compares in vivo biofilm formation on single-strand and multi-strand retention wires with different oral health-care regimens. Two-centimetre wires were placed in brackets that were bonded to the buccal side of the first molars and second premolars in the upper arches of 22 volunteers. Volunteers used a selected toothpaste with or without the additional use of a mouthrinse containing essential oils. Brushing was performed manually. Regimens were maintained for 1 week, after which the wires were removed and the oral biofilm was collected to quantify the number of organisms and their viability, determine the microbial composition and visualize ...

Purpose: The objectives of our study was to describe the effective use of menthol crystal vapor inhalation in the remission of the symptoms of COVID-19 patients (inclusive of the reversion of the positive status to negative) and to establish the preventive role that menthol plays as it relates to the transmission of the COVID-19 virus.

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells in biofilm become tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and the immune responses, which increases the difficulties for the clinical treatment of biofilm infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated a perspicuous correlation between biofilm infection and medical foreign bodies or indwelling devices. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicated clearly that antibiotic treatment alone is in most cases insufficient to eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, to effectively treat biofilm infections with currently available antibiotics and evaluate the outcomes become important and urgent for clinicians. The review summarizes the latest progress in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of different...

The purpose of this systematic review was to quantitatively find out whether resin-modified glass-ionomers (RM-GIC), in comparison to fluoride-containing composite resin and composite resin without fluoride, are associated with a more effective reduction of demineralization in hard tooth tissues under caries challenge. Five databases were systematically searched on clinical trials up to 6 April 2009. Article inclusion criteria: titles/abstracts relevant in answering the review question, published in English, two-arm (prospective) longitudinal trial; not all included subjects accounted for at the end of the trial; subjects of both groups not followed up the same way; no randomized, quasi-randomized controlled study design for in situ and clinical trials; contains no computable continuous data. Quality assessment of the accepted in situ and clinical trials was performed. Data were extracted in the form of datasets, containing numbers of evaluated samples and mean result with standard deviation for both groups. Fifteen articles were selected for review. Two lacked computable data and were excluded; nine laboratory trials, three randomized in situ trials and one randomized control trial were accepted. From these, 97 continuous datasets were extracted. The evidence suggests that RM-GIC is associated with a higher reduction of demineralization in adjacent hard tooth tissue than composite resin without fluoride. No difference was found when RM-GIC was compared with fluoride-containing composite resin. RM-GIC showed efficacy in reducing demineralization. However, the internal validity of the current evidence is limited and further high-quality trials are needed.

Background/purposes: The beneficial effect (bond strength and longevity) of the addition of different chitosan/antioxidant
hydrogels to dental restoratives was reported. However, it still needs to be verified whether their presence would not
damage the pulp cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relative cytotoxic effect of resveratrol,
propolis and β-carotene in relation to their respective chitosan/antioxidant hydrogels on mouse Balb/c mouse 3T3 fibroblast
cells.
Materials and Methods: The mentioned hydrogels were prepared by the dispersion of the corresponding components
in glycerol and acetic acid with the addition of the chitosan polymer. The cell survival rate was determined over a 24hour
period according to the standard MTT assay.
Results and Conclusion: The Kruskal-Wallis Multiple-Comparison Test and Bonferroni test showed significant differences
in the cell survival rates (p<0.05) amongst resveratrol (31%), propolis(64%) and β-carotene (95%):Also amongst
chitosan(114%), chitosan/resveratrol(87%) and resveratrol(31%); chitosan(114%), chitosan/β-carotene(100%) and
β-carotene(95%); chitosan(114%), chitosan/propolis(95%) and propolis(64%). To conclude, this study showed: 1) that
chitosan-H has a positive effect on the cell survival rate of Balb/c mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells and therefore most probably
also on human pulp fibroblast cells, 2) these chitosan hydrogels are safe to be used to improve the bond strength
and longevity of a tooth dental material, and 3) it further proved that chitosan in itself improved the cell survival rate of
various antioxidants. The mean cell survival rate was found to be: resveratrol (31%); propolis (64%); β-carotene (95%),
chitosan+resveratrol (87%), chitosan+propolis (95%), chitosan+ β-carotene (100%) and chitosan (114%).
Keywords: Chitosan Hydrogels; Cytotoxicity; Fibroblast Cells; Bond Strength.