Parks

Protected destination systems (PDSs) are touristic spaces with two parts: a protected area and a gateway region where nature meets commerce. This chapter focuses on the social benefits of spatial planning and draws on remote sensing and GIS literatures highlighting social science, ecology and conservation, and parks and protected area applications. A conceptual framework is introduced for the multidisciplinary study of the human, artifactual (e.g., the built environment, laws, policies, projects) and natural domains. Remote sensing tools that hold promise for PDS sustainability encompass diverse sensors and platforms that facilitate aerial photography, satellite, drone, smartphone, and related research activity.

The oceans are facing greater pressures now than at any other time in human history. Marine protected areas (MPAs), nested within a wider approach of ecosystem-based management, have consistently emerged as one of the most important tools in halting the oceans' decline and promoting their recovery. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Aichi Target 11 calls for at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas to be conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well ...

The article presents a microhistory of a work strike in an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) located in a rain forest of eastern Madagascar. ICDPs in Madagascar, as in other rain forest countries, are instruments of "green" neoliberal policy, a dominant development paradigm in Africa since the late 1980s. International donors and the Malagasy state are expanding the number of protected areas in Madagascar, and foreign NGOs typically manage the start-up phase of projects aimed at lessening slash-and-burn horticulture (called tavy) in the forest and to developing ecological tourism. The article traces the roles and narratives of low-wage, locally-hired ICDP workers, who perform the menial tasks of forest conservation. Details of a work strike by lower-tier ICDP workers in 1996 reveal dynamics of environmental interventions that have been neglected in analyses and evaluations. To understand conservation’s recurrent failures, one must investigate not only the sources of tension between agrarian populations and park representatives but also those arising from conservation’s historical division of labor.

L'article présente une microhistoire d'une grève de travail dans un Projet Intégré de Conservation et Développement (PCDI) situé dans une forêt primaire de l’est de Madagascar. Les PCDIs au Madagascar, comme dans d'autres pays de forêt tropicale, sont les instruments de la politique néo-libérale "verte," un paradigme de développement courant en Afrique depuis la fin des années 1980. Quand les bailleurs de fonds internationaux et l'état malgache éstablissent les aires protégées au Madagascar, les ONGs étrangères contrôlent la première phase des PCDIs. Elles mettent en application des politiques pour arrêter la culture sur brûlis dans la forêt (le tavy) et pour développer le tourisme écologique. L'article trace les rôles et les récits des ouvriers qui exécutent le travail manuel de la conservation. Les détails d'une grève de travail par les ouvriers du PCDI indiquent la dynamique des interventions environnementales qui ont été négligées dans les analyses et les évaluations. Pour comprendre les échecs récurrents de la conservation, on doit étudier non seulement les sources de tension entre les populations agraires et les représentants de parc, mais également ceux résultant de la division du travail historique.