Peanut

Peanut is an oilseed plant, which is rich in seed oil and protein content. The effects of different irrigation methods and humic acid dosages were explored on yield and yield components of peanuts in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh County in Guilan province, Iran, in 2018 and 2019 cropping years. The experiment was laid upon a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in which the main plot was assigned to irrigation treatments including rainfed treatment and irrigation to meet 60%, 80%, and 100% of water requirement, and the sub-plot was assigned to humic acid (HA) at four rates of 0, 3, 6, and 9 L ha-1. The results showed that the highest biological yield (9750 kg ha-1) was obtained from the plants irrigated to meet 80% of their water requirement and applied with 9 L ha-1 HA and the lowest (2453 kg ha-1) was produced under rainfed conditions with no HA applied. Seed yield was 1863 kg ha-1 at the 80% water requirement level and 2067 kg ha-1 at the HA level of 9 L ha-1. Based on the results, it can be recommended to apply 9 L ha-1 HA and supply 80% of the plants’ water requirement as appropriate conditions for the studied region.

In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) containing oxygen scavenger based on sodium ascorbate (SA) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) at 5, 10 and 15 % concentrations were produced through extrusion method. In addition, the effect of size of SA, thickness LDPE (7.5, 15, 30 and 45 μm), and number of layers (monolayer, two-layers, three-layers and four-layers) were investigated. Oxygen and water vapor permeability, tensile stress, SA migration and antioxidant activity, thermal stability, scan electron microsco-py (SEM), and FT-IR of the films were measured. Moreover, the performance of produced films to prevent of oxidation of packaged peanuts during storage at 40°C was studied. The results revealed that the active films containing SA (especially at 10 % SA) present suitable performance and features to increase the shelf-life of peanuts.

Peanut plays an important role in the livelihoods of poor farmers and in the rural economy of many developing countries. Aflatoxin contamination in peanut seeds, caused by Aspergillus flavus, hampers international trade and adversely affects health of consumers of peanut and its products. It can occur in the field when the crop is growing, during harvesting and curing, and in storage and transportation. Aflatoxin research on peanut at ICRISAT focuses on identification and utilization of genetic resistance to preharvest seed infection and aflatoxin production by A. flavus and pre and post harvest management practices to minimize contamination. Breeding for aflatoxin resistance has been a contentious issue in peanut for nearly four decades since the first report of host resistance to aflatoxin production by A. flavus. Despite global efforts, progress in aflatoxin resistance breeding has been limited due to the low level of resistance to different components of resistance (preharvest s...

Recent studies have shown marked effects of soil temperature on growth, development, and seed composition of peanut. Knowledge about how soil temperature affects pods and roots separately could provide useful information for field management and genetic manipulation. To facilitate such investigations, a technique was developed which allows imposition of different temperature regimes to the pods and the roots separately. Pods and roots were grown in different compartments that have soil temperature controlled by separate water baths. Day/night temperature regimes of 28/22 and 40/34 C with a 12-hr ‘day’ and 12-hr ‘night’ period were imposed to the pod and root compartments separately in all four possible combinations of these temperature regimes. The temperature change between the ‘day’ and ‘night’ period occured mainly within the first 2 brand the transition to tbe final temperature required up to 5 hr. After adjustment to the ‘day’ or ‘night’ temperatures, the temperatures ranged in...

Most peanut (Arahcis hypogaea L.) production occurs under highly intensive conventional tillage systems. With recent volatility in input prices, reducing tillage trips is a viable way of reducing production costs. However, growers can experience yield loss when switching from conventional tillage to strip-tillage in peanut on certain soil types due to the lack of an elevated bed at harvest time. Studies were conducted to compare standard strip-till with strip-till on two-row raised beds as well as rip and beds prepared in the fall. Comparisons were made on a coarse textured soil at Tifton, GA and a fine textured soil at Plains, GA. The three bed types, with and without wheat cover, were evaluated over two years at both locations. No effects of cover or interactions with bed type were present. At Plains, the rip and bed and raised bed reduced digging losses by 62 and 47%, respectively. Soil compaction within the harvest depth was reduced by 3.3 and 4.7 times by the raised bed and rip...

Peanut plays an important role in the livelihoods of poor farmers and in the rural economy of many developing countries. Aflatoxin contamination in peanut seeds, caused by Aspergillus flavus, hampers international trade and adversely affects health of consumers of peanut and its products. It can occur in the field when the crop is growing, during harvesting and curing, and in storage and transportation. Aflatoxin research on peanut at ICRISAT focuses on identification and utilization of genetic resistance to preharvest seed infection and aflatoxin production by A. flavus and pre and post harvest management practices to minimize contamination. Breeding for aflatoxin resistance has been a contentious issue in peanut for nearly four decades since the first report of host resistance to aflatoxin production by A. flavus. Despite global efforts, progress in aflatoxin resistance breeding has been limited due to the low level of resistance to different components of resistance (preharvest s...