Pharmaceutical industry

A novel is ligand namely 5,5'-(6-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis (azanediyl)diquinolin-8-ol (PBDQ-6)  has been prepared and characterized. This ligand was characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and elemental analysis. Coordination polymers of this bis-ligand (NBDQ) were prepared with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. All of these coordination polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral and diffuse reflectance spectral studies. The thermal stability was evaluated by thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA). In addition, all of the coordination polymers have been characterized by their magnetic susceptibilities. All the novel synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

This review presents the definition and goals of “social pharmacology”, a new branch of clinical pharmacology, investigating relationships between drugs and society through the example of “medicamentation”, defined as the use of drugs for social problems previously not requiring drug utilisation (ageing, smoking cessation, vigilance troubles, sleep synchronisation, loss of libido, etc.). The involvement of the different “actors” from our society (patients, physicians, pharmaceutical industries, clinical pharmacologists, regulatory agencies, etc.) in this phenomenon is also discussed.

COVID-19 has left a large impact on the way various Information Technology advances are applied in healthcare and day to day life. Digital surveillance has found its way into public health management across the world. Data Analytics is one of the most powerful tools being used in healthcare research, specifically COVID-19 research. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are paving a new path into drug design and development along with revolutionizing Medical Care. Virtual Reality has found its due place as a tool for therapy and for better imaging. Starting from diagnostics to data analytics, Information Technology solutions have left a huge impact on the course of COVID-19. The world witnessed the fastest development of a vaccine with advances in technology. Virtual tools and remote solutions are realigning the Clinical Research industry and equipping researchers with novel study designs and solutions. The aim of this article is to provide a summary of the ways in which Information Technology has improved Healthcare during the pandemic and to list out the impact of COVID-19 on Clinical Trials. The industry has seen leaps and bounds of advances in the use of technology. The need of the hour, now, is to start building a framework to apply these tools routinely, so that preparedness is maintained for any future health crisis. A strong regulatory framework is much needed to back the industry to adapt to these advances.

In recent years, science studies scholars have critically examined several methods used by the pharmaceutical industry to exert control over knowledge about drugs. Complementary literatures on "medical neoliberalism" and "neoliberal science" draw attention to the economic ideas justifying such methods of organizing knowledge, and in so doing suggest that neoliberal thinkers may play an important role in developing them. As yet, the nature of this role remains unexplored. Relying on heretofore-unexamined archival evidence, this article establishes a direct link between the Chicago School of Economics and the mobilization of the pharmaceutical industry in the 1970s. It argues that economists affiliated with the Chicago School of Economics sought to influence pharmaceutical policy and science and constructed institutions to do so. These institutions--most notably the Center for the Study of Drug Development--remain highly influential. This article contributes to a historical understanding of how neoliberal ideas came to assume prominence in pharmaceutical policy, the management of science, and scientific practice.

The production of extracellular amylase by Bacillus spp was optimized in a submerged fermentation. The production of the enzyme was maximum at 10 h after inoculation. The effect of incubation period, pH of the medium and incubation temperature was optimized. The maximum production of enzyme were obtained at 35°C and pH 7. Amylases are enzymes that break down starch or Microorganism: Bacillus spp was isolated from glycogen. The amylases can be derived from several environment and maintained on nutrient agar slants and sources such as plants, animals and microbes. The sub cultured for every 10 days. major advantage of using microorganisms for production of amylases is in economical bulk Inoculum and Fermentation Medium: The inoculum production capacity and microbes are also easy to was prepared by the addition of sterile distilled water in manipulate to obtain enzymes of desired characteristics to the freshly grown nutrient agar slants, from this (1). The microbial amylases meet indus...

A  simple,  fast  and  accurate  method  has  been  developed  for  the  estimation of  benzene content  in  Lovastatin  by  Gas  Chromatography.  The analysis was carried out on Perkin Elmer Clarus 600 GC-HS Chromatograph. The column used was DB-624 30m X 0.32 mm X 1.8 µm fused silica analytical column (6%  cyanopropylphenyl  94 %  dimethylpolysiloxane  as  a stationary  phase).The  detector  used  was  FID  detector.

A revised version of this report is published as one chapter titled "The Pharmaceutical Sector in Vietnam" in the book “Competition Policies and Consumer Welfare: Corporate Strategies and Consumer Prices in Developing Countries”, edited by Lahcen Achy and Susan Joekes, Eward Elgar Publishing (http://www.e-elgar.com/shop/competition-policies-and-consumer-welfare) (2016)

Carvedilol is an antihypertensive drug use for management of Hypertension. It has the half-life of 6 hr and oral bioavailability of 25% due to first pass metabolism. The total daily dose of Carvedilol is 25 mg, hence it required frequent dosing. Transdermal patches of Carvedilol were prepared for sustained release and improve bioavailability of drug and patient compliance. Different formulations were prepared by varying the amount of HPMC-K4M and Eudragit RS-100 by solvent casting method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, % elongation, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, % drug content, In-vitro drug release, In-vitro permeation and skin irritation study. A 32 full factorial design was applied to check the effect of varying the amount of Eudragit-RS 100 (X1) and amount of HPMC-K4M (X2) on the responses i.e. tensile strength and percentage drug released in 20 hr (Q20) as dependent variables. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were performed for dependent variables. In-vitro release data were fitted to various models to ascertain kinetic of drug release. The best selected formulation is subjected to in-vitro skin permeation and skin irritation study. Batch F7 was considered optimum batch which contained 400 mg of Eudragit RS-100 and 600 mg of HPMC-K4M, showed release 95.73% up to 24 hr and was more similar to Zero order release kinetics (r2=0.982). Batch F7 showed flux of 125.8 μg/cm2/h, hence the patch area of 1.33 cm2 would be expected to deliver targeted flux of 83.72μg/cm2/h.

Plants used in traditional medicine have stood up to the test of time and contributed many novel compounds for preventive and curative medicine to modern science. India is sitting on a gold mine of well recorded and traditionally well practiced knowledge of herbal medicine. Specially, plants growing at high altitude in Himalayan pastures are time-honored sources of health and general well being of local inhabitants. As of today, Himalayan plants are a major contributor to the herbal pharmaceutical industry both of India and other countries. Plants growing at higher altitudes are subjected to an assault of diverse testing situations including higher doses of mutagenic UV-radiation, physiological drought, desiccation and strong winds. Plants interact with stressful environments by physiological adaptation and altering the biochemical profile of plant tissues and producing a spectrum of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are of special interest to scientists because of their unique pharmacophores and medicinal properties. Secondary metabolites like polyphenols, terpenes and alkaloids have been reported to possess antimutagenic and anticancer properties in many studies. The fundamental aspiration of the current review is to divulge the antimutagenic/anticancer potential of five alpine plants used as food or medicine by the populations living at high altitudes.

The management of compliance with rules, policies, guidelines, practices, and standards is largely done through a manual and labour-intensive process. This process can be facilitated through the use of a computer-based Compliance Management System (CMS). A CMS identifies compliance tasks, tracks the performance of these tasks with respect to a set of requirements and documents their compliance status. The output from a CMS can be used to satisfy a variety of reporting requirements and initiate alerting mechanisms. A CMS can be particularly useful in managing regulation change and overlap. This paper presents the first step in the development of a decision and compliance management tool, in particular, a prototype CMS for the pharmaceutical industry is described. The CMS has been tested with a simulated case study.