Phaseolus vulgaris L

Mark A. Frahm1, Juan Carlos Rosas2, Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez3, Ernesto López-Salinas4, Jorge A. Acosta-Gallegos5 & James D. Kelly1,∗ 1Dept. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing, MI 48824; 2EAP / Zamorano, PO Box 93, ...

This research aimed at assessing the content and the functional properties of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in different varieties of beans widely consumed in Tunisia through soaking, cooking, autoclaving, germination, and their combinations. This study was carried out on three varieties of white beans grown in different localities of Tunisia, namely Twila, Coco, and Beldia, as well as on imported and local canned beans. All bean samples underwent biochemical and immunological evaluation by employing several techniques such as indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutinating assay, Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Biochemical and immunological analyses indicated that raw dry beans contained a considerable amount of proteins and PHAs. ELISA demonstrated that soaking, either in plain water or in alkaline solution, caused an increase in the concentration of PHA. A slight increase of PHA was produced equally by germination during 4 days in all bean varieties. Cooking or autoclaving of presoaked beans resulted in a complete disappearance of PHA. ELISA test also proved that both imported and local canned beans contained fingerprints of PHA. Hemagglutination assays showed that not only cooked and autoclaved presoaked beans lacked the ability to agglutinate red blood cells but also autoclaved unsoaked beans did. In agar gel immunodiffusion using rabbit anti-PHA serum, raw, soaked, cooked unsoaked, and sprouted beans gave precipitin arc reactions, indicating that PHA existed in immunoreactive form in the tested seeds. SDS-PAGE electropho-retograms showed protein isolates of Twila and Beldia beans to have different profiles through soaking, cooking, and autoclaving processes. This work revealed that the combination of soaking and cooking/autoclaving was the best way in reducing PHA content and its activity in all bean varieties when compared with germination.

In this study, yield components (ash, carbohydrates, crude fibre, energy, protein and sucrose), vitamins (retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate and Ldehydroascorbic acid), macro-micro nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, zinc and iron) and amino acids (alanine, proline, arginine, aspartic acid, methionine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine) of two bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. Yenice and Pinarli) were investigated. Yenice and Pinarli bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) commonly grown in Çamoluk region in Central Black Sea Region of Turkey were used as the plant material of this study. Significant differences were observed in ash, crude fibre, lipids, moisture, protein, salt and sucrose content of bean genotypes. While sucrose (4.56 g 100 g-1), salt (0.12 g 100 g-1) carhydrates (38.41 g 100 g-1) and crude fiber (25.57 g 100 g-1) values were higher in Pinarli , lipids (1.69 g 100 g-1) and protein 21.72 g 100 g-1) contens were higher in Yenice genotype.  Similarly, vitamin levels were also significantly different. Thiamine (0.50 mg 100 g-1), niacin (3.82 mg 100 g-1),  retinol (4.15 µg 100 g-1), riboflavin (0.16 mg 100 g-1), pyridoxine (0.33 µg 100 g-1) and folate (234.50 µg 100 g-1) contents of Pinarli genotype were significantly higher than Yenice. Potassium content (16145.0 mg kg-1) of Yenice genotype and phosphorus content (8349.1 mg kg-1) of Pinarli genotype were also found statistically significantly. Except for tryptophan and phenylalanine, significant differences were also observed in amino acids of bean genotypes. Amino acid content of Pinarli genotype was also higher than Yenice genotype.Both genotypes were especially rich in aspartic acid, lysine and glutamic acid.

In the absence of indigenous rhizobial populations, the pattern of competition between inoculum strains for nodule occupancy is found to be a stable characteristic, independent of rhizosphere population size, nitrogen application, or elevation. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), inoculated with peat-based rhizobia, were grown with three nitrogen levels at 320- and 150-m sites along an elevational transect on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Rhizosphere soil of 8-day-old plants was examined by immunofluorescence for populations of three strains each of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, which made up the inocula applied to the respective host legumes at planting. Nodules were examined for occupancy by specific strains at two sampling times. Site differences and nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on rhizosphere colonization or nodule occupancy by the three strains. The three inoculum strains colonized their ...

Farmers in Nanggung, West Java traditionally cultivate vegetables under full sunlight. There is opportunity to expand vegetable production in the understory of agroforestry system, but farmers have limited experience with such practices. An on-farm trial was implemented to evaluate the production of 11 commercial vegetable species under three levels of tree shading in a nested design, replicated 3 times. The

Bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) is a key pest of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) throughout eastern and southern Africa. It is known to cause total crop loss especially under drought stress and low soil fertility. This review underscores the importance of bean fly to bean production. It discusses the research achievements on genetic improvement of common bean for resistance against bean fly attack and highlights further opportunities available for rapid advance. The paper dwells on conventional breeding approaches and possibilities for utilization of marker-assisted selection. Mechanisms of common bean resistance to bean fly have been considered with a view to understand the genetic control. To maximize the effectiveness of host-plant resistance against bean fly, multiple insect resistances should be incorporated into a single bean genotype in order to ensure stability. However, this should be within the background of integrated pest management strategy.

A utilização da variabilidade genética em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) para eficiência na absorção e utilização de fósforo se mostra como uma alternativa para contornar a deficiência deste elemento em solos de cerrado. Para detectar tais eficiências, foi desenvolvido um experimento em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-MG, entre julho e agosto de 1997. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 8 x 2. Foram avaliados oito genótipos de feijoeiro (BAT 477, Carioca MG, Emgopa 201, Jalo Precoce, Pérola, Rosinha, Roxo e Xamego) e duas doses de P2O5 (24 e 120mg dm-3). Após 45 dias da germinação, foram analisadas a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes dos genótipos; conteúdo de fósforo na parte aérea e das raízes; razão raiz:parte aérea e a eficiência no uso do fósforo (valor a), classificando-os em quatro grupos: eficientes e responsivos, não eficientes e responsivos, eficientes e não responsi...

Pinto bean meals with 18, 20, and 22% moisture were ex- truded at 140, 160 and 180 C, using screw speeds of 150, 200 and 250 rpm in a single-screw laboratory extruded. Expan- sion index, bulk density, water absorption and solubility indi- ces, in vitro protein ...

P. Masi1,*, PL Spagnoletti Zeuli1 and P. Donini2 1Dept. Biologia Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-forestali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100, Italy; 2NIAB (National Institute of Agricultural Botany), Molecular Research Group, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK; *Author for ...

Two experiments were conducted in a factorial combination of three Zn levels (0, 10 and 40 mg Zn kg-1 soil) and two P levels (0 and 200 mg P kg-1 soil). Experiment 1 was carried out during winter in a heated glasshouse, and experiment 2 during summer under a rain shelter. Plants of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Borlotto

The objective of this work was to determine the critical irrigation time for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) using infrared thermometry. Five treatments were analyzed. Canopy temperature differences between plants and a well-watered control about 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5±0.5ºC were tested. Physiological variables and plant growth were analyzed to establish the best time to irrigate. There was a significant linear correlation between the index and stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, and leaf water potential. Although significant linear correlation between the index and mean values of total dry matter, absolute growth rate, and leaf area index was found, no correlation was found with other growth index like relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and leaf area ratio. Plants irrigated when their canopy temperature was 3±0.5ºC above the control had their relative growth rate mean value increased up to 59.7%, yielding 2,260.2 kg ha-1, with a reduction of 38.0% in the a...

The use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture can cause uncontrolled gas emissions, such as N2O and CO2, leading to global warming and serious climate change. In this study, we evaluated the greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs) that are concomitant with applied different rates of N fertilization, such as 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120% of the recommended dose in green beans grown under three irrigation systems (surface, subsurface, and drip irrigation). The obtained results showed that GHGs were positively correlated with increasing the rate of N fertilization. Meanwhile, the subsurface irrigation system followed by drip irrigation achieved the highest significant (p ≤ 0.05) values regarding the growth and pod yield attributes. Furthermore, N supplements at 90% and/or 100% of the recommended dose under the subsurface irrigation system led to the highest concentration of chlorophyll, vitamin C, total protein, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), ...

The objectives of this study were to examine the genetic control of survival in segregant families F3 of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in southern Brazil during the 2004-2005 growing season, to identify useful genotypes for the breeding program of this crop, and to determine the genetic association between survival and weight of 100 seeds (production trait; P100). A Bayesian approach was used to predict breeding values and to estimate variance components. Survival was recorded as a binary response: dead plant or live plant during harvest. The total population consisted of 11,520 individual plants. The difference in the magnitude between the best and the worst families was as high as 22%, and varied from 57 to 73%. Survival was found to be highly heritable, with an a posteriori heritability mean and Bayesian credible interval: H² = 53% (43-65%). The genetic advance by direct selection achieved a value of 18%, considering a selection intensity of 25%. Survival was not correl...

During germplasm explorations carried out in Peru and Colombia, interbreeding complexes of wild and cultivated common bean were observed in both countries, eight in Apurimac and Cusco departments of Peru and eight in Cundinamarca and Boyacá departments of ...

Nodule-specific uoricase (uricase I) from Phasolus vulgas L. was purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods. Purification data indicated that uricas II isapproximately 2% of the total soluble protein from mature nodules. Specific antiserum was raised and usedto ...